Wow, that is awesome. You know,

哇，這是真棒。你知道嗎？

whether it's the brilliant red of Northern Cardinal

不管是北斗七星的豔麗的紅

or the dapper plumage of this Tricolored Heron,

或者是這隻三色鷺的帥氣羽毛。

color is what attracts so many of us to birding.

顏色是什麼吸引了我們這麼多的鳥類。

But for identification purposes,

但為了鑑定。

it's not so much color, as it is color pattern,

它'不是那麼多的顏色，因為它是顏色模式。

that we find so useful in the field.

我們發現在該領域非常有用。

On this episode of "Inside Birding",

在這一集的"Inside Birding"。

we're going to explore the second key to identification: color pattern,

我們'要探討識別的第二個關鍵：顏色圖案。

and reveal how this easy-to-see clue can help you identify more birds.

並揭示這條易見的線索如何幫助你識別更多的鳥類。

Birders often get really frustrated when they try to make an exact comparison

當鳥友們試圖進行精確的比較時，他們常常會感到非常沮喪。

between the birds that they see in the field

阡陌縱橫

with those they find in their field guides.

與他們在野外指南中發現的那些。

While the illustrations in your field guides are often accurate, they’re artistic

雖然你的野外指南中的插圖往往是準確的，但它們是藝術的。

depictions of birds in perfect plumages. The problem is when we’re in the field

描繪鳥兒完美的羽毛。問題是，當我們在野外的時候

we rarely see birds in perfect plumages or in ideal conditions.

我們很少能看到羽毛完美的鳥兒，也很少能看到條件理想的鳥兒。

This means that if you rely on a subtle plumage detail, you’ll probably get frustrated

這意味著，如果你依賴一個微妙的羽翼細節，你可能會感到沮喪。

and may miss out on the chance to identify the bird before it flies away.

並可能會在鳥兒飛走之前錯過識別它的機會。

So what do you do? Ignore the subtleties, focus on the big picture,

那麼，你是怎麼做的呢？ 忽略細枝末節，關注大局。

and look at overall color pattern.

並看整體的色彩模式。

Oh, look, there’s a Pileated Woodpecker.

哦，看，那是一隻啄木鳥。

Sweet. This is a great bird for looking at color pattern

甜蜜。這是一個偉大的鳥看顏色模式

because it's so distinct.

因為它是如此的與眾不同。

When we use color pattern to identify a bird, we’re trying

當我們使用顏色模式來識別鳥類時，我們正試圖

to generate an overall impression

給人以整體印象

of how color is arranged on a bird’s body. This can be as simple or detailed

色彩在鳥身上的排列方式。 這可以是簡單的或詳細的

as your look at the bird will allow.

因為你的看鳥會允許。

For example, if you’re in a woodland and you see a bird like this Pileated Woodpecker

比如說，如果你在林地裡看到一隻像這樣的鳥，那就是啄木鳥。

and it flashes through your field of view quickly,

並迅速在你的視野中閃過。

maybe all you’ll notice is that it’s an overwhelmingly black and white bird.

也許你會注意到，這是一個壓倒性的黑色和白色的鳥。

This is a decent start,

這是個不錯的開始。

but you’ve got better chance of

但你已經得到了更好的機會

identifying the bird if you’re able to describe the pattern of color on its body.

如果你能描述出鳥兒身上的顏色圖案，就能識別出它的身份。

The best descriptions are like overall color inventories

最好的描述就像整體的色彩清單一樣

of the different parts of a bird.

的不同部分的鳥。

On this Pileated Woodpecker, I might say that it has a black body

在這隻啄木鳥身上，我可以說它的身體是黑色的。

with a red crest,

有著紅色的徽章。

and white in the wings.

和白色的翅膀。

If you get a really good look at the bird,

如果你能真正看清這隻鳥。

you can look at additional features that are helpful for identification.

你可以看看其他對識別有幫助的功能。

On this Pileated Woodpecker, I’d say that it has a black-and-white pattern

在這隻啄木鳥身上，我覺得它的圖案是黑白相間的。

on its head and neck.

在其頭部和頸部。

All right, now that we’ve identified a Pileated Woodpecker using color pattern,

好了，現在我們已經用顏色圖案確定了一隻絨毛啄木鳥。

let’s practice the skill by looking at some examples.

讓我們通過一些例子來練習技能。

While there aren’t tons of birds that you’ll be able to identify by color pattern alone,

雖然沒有大量的鳥類，你可以僅通過顏色圖案來識別。

the Yellow-headed Blackbird is certainly one that you can.

黃頭黑鳥當然是可以的。

If you don't recognize this denizen of western marshes

如果你不認識這個西部沼澤地的居民的話

by its raucous courtship display,

由其喧鬧的求偶表演。

you should have no problem identifying it by its color pattern. It’s got a black body

你應該沒有問題識別它的顏色模式。 它有一個黑色的身體

with a bright yellow head, and a little white patch on the wings.

頭部呈明黃色，翅膀上有一點白色的斑點。

The male American Redstart is one of the easiest warblers to identify

雄性美國紅雀是最容易識別的鶯類之一。

thanks to its color pattern. The stunning contrast between orange and black

由於它的色彩圖案。橙色和黑色之間的驚人對比

make it almost unmistakable. If I were to describe its color pattern,

使得它幾乎無懈可擊。 如果讓我來形容它的顏色圖案。

I might say it's got a jet black head and body,

我可能會說它'有一個噴氣黑色的頭和身體。

with orange patches on the sides of the breasts, wings, and tail.

胸部、翅膀和尾巴的兩側有橙色的斑點。

Let's face it,

讓我們面對它。

birds are capable of moving really quickly.

鳥類的行動能力真的很快。

One minute you see them and the next they’re gone.

前一分鐘你看到他們，下一分鐘他們就消失了。

In the heat of the moment, it can be really hard to know

在熱的時刻，它可能真的很難知道。

where to focus your attention.

在哪裡集中你的注意力。

For this reason, it's important to train yourself to look at the bird's body parts

是以，訓練自己看鳥的身體部位很重要。

and patterns that are most useful for an identification.

和模式，對鑑定最有用。

And that's the subject of today's "pro insight".

這就是今天'的主題'的"親見"。

When you're trying to identify a bird,

當你'試圖識別一隻鳥。

it's important to look for patterns and features that really stand out.

尋找真正突出的圖案和特徵很重要。

After trying a lot of different approaches, I found there's two parts of

在嘗試了很多不同的方法後，我發現有'的兩個部分。

a bird that are most useful for identification:

的鳥，最有助於識別。

the bird's head and wings.

鳥的頭和翅膀。

Let's start by looking at the wings.

讓我們'從看翅膀開始。

This is a Lazuli Bunting and

這是一個琉璃布丁和

it has a color pattern that's similar to both Eastern and Western Bluebirds –

它有一個顏色模式，'的類似於東方和西方藍鳥--。

blue above

藍色以上

with some orange on the breast

橙子

and a white belly.

和白肚皮。

But what really jumps out and distinguishes the Lazuli Bunting

但真正讓人眼前一亮、與眾不同的是琉璃布丁。

from either of the bluebirds, are the two bold white markings on the wings

從任何一隻藍鳥，是兩個大膽的白色標記在翅膀上的

which we call wing bars.

我們稱之為翼條。

Let's look at some video and see how this looks on the Lazuli Bunting

讓我們'看看一些視頻，看看這看起來如何在Lazuli Bunting身上

in the field.

在外地。

You'll see that there is variation between individuals;

你'會發現，個體之間是有差異的。

but remember,

但要記住，

we're looking for color patterns that really stand out,

我們'正在尋找真正突出的顏色圖案。

and on this Lazuli Bunting, the thing that I first noticed

而在這隻Lazuli Bunting上，我首先注意到的是... ...

is the bold white upper wing bar.

是粗體的白色上翼條。

This Lazuli Bunting is a little bit more obstructed, maybe more like we

這款琉璃布丁比較礙事，也許更像我們的。

would see in the field. But if we look carefully,

會在現場看到。 但如果我們仔細觀察。

we can still make out that bold white wing bar.

我們還能看出那個粗大的白色翼條。

By training yourself to look at a bird's wings and look for wing bars, you'll be

通過訓練自己觀察鳥類的翅膀，尋找翼條，你將會是

able to more accurately identify birds like this Lazuli Bunting.

能夠更準確地識別像這隻拉蘇里鵐這樣的鳥類。

Now let's turn our attention to the bird’s head

現在，讓我們把目光轉向鳥的頭部

and look for facial features that will be most useful for identification.

並尋找對識別最有用的面部特徵。

One of the best starting points

最好的出發點之一

is the eye-ring.

是眼圈。

An eye-ring is generally a bold, contrasting group of feathers or skin

眼環一般是一組大膽的、對比強烈的羽毛或皮膚。

around the bird's eye.

在鳥眼周圍'。

This Nashville Warbler provides a great example.

這隻納什維爾鶯提供了一個很好的例子。

It’s generally yellow below, olive above, with a grayish head.

一般下面是黃色的，上面是橄欖色的，頭部是灰色的。

But the thing that really stands out and that can help you identify it,

但真正突出的東西，可以幫助你識別它。

is the bird’s bold white eye-ring.

是鳥兒大膽的白色眼圈。

Even on a video like this, when you're looking up in a tree and seeing a bird

即使是在這樣的視頻中，當你'在樹上抬頭看到一隻鳥時

flitting around quickly,

迅速地飛來飛去。

if you've trained yourself to look at the bird’s head

如果你已經訓練自己看鳥的頭

and see that bold white eye-ring,

並看到那粗大的白色眼圈。

you'll have no trouble recognizing this as a Nashville Warbler.

你'將不費吹灰之力地認識到這是一個納什維爾鶯。

Now, let's take a look at a different facial feature:

現在，讓我們來看看不同的面部特徵。

the spectacles.

的眼鏡。

Oh, this is pretty cool.

哦，這是非常酷的。

Check out this Blue-headed Vireo that's sitting on its nest.

看看這個藍頭維羅，'坐在它的巢穴上。

This bird has bold white spectacles.

這隻鳥有一個大膽的白色眼鏡。

The white spectacles are similar to an eye-ring,

白色眼鏡類似於眼圈。

but if you look carefully, you’ll see that the white circle is broken

但如果你仔細觀察，你會發現，白色的圓圈被打破了。

by some black in front of the eye.

由眼前的一些黑色。

The white thing continues around over the bill, making it look

白色的東西繼續圍繞在鈔票上，使它看起來。

like the bird is wearing eyeglasses.

像鳥兒戴著眼鏡。

If we take a look at the bird's entire body, like in this still image,

如果我們看一下這隻鳥的整個身體，就像這張靜止的圖片。

we see those bold white spectacles, but we’ll also notice that this bird has

我們看到那些粗大的白色眼鏡，但我們也會注意到這隻鳥有

two bold white wing bars.

兩根粗壯的白色翼條。

Couple this with your observations of the bird's overall color pattern and

再加上你對這隻鳥的整體色彩模式的觀察，以及。

you'll easily be able identify this bird

你會很容易就能識別這隻鳥。

as a Blue-headed Vireo.

作為藍頭維羅。

Sometimes a bird’s face pattern

有時候，鳥的臉型

may be a bit more involved.

可能涉及的內容比較多。

This Chipping Sparrow

這隻麻雀

doesn't have spectacles or a bold white eye-ring,

不'沒有眼鏡，也沒有大膽的白色眼圈。

but it does have a distinctive face pattern.

但它的臉型確實很有特色。

Let’s zoom in and learn

讓我們放大來學習

some terminology that will help us describe what we're seeing.

一些術語，將幫助我們描述我們所看到的。

Let's start at the top

讓我們從頭開始

of the bird’s head, an area that we call

在鳥的頭部，我們稱這個區域為

the crown.

王冠。

On this Chipping Sparrow,

在這隻千斤麻雀上。

the crown are the rufous feathers,

王冠上是紅褐色的羽毛。

just as it sounds, at the top of the bird’s head.

正如它的聲音，在鳥的頭頂。

The crown is bordered by a white line below

冠部下方有一條白線。

which we call the supercilium.

我們稱其為 "上瞼"。

The supercilium runs from above and in front of the bird’s eye

上瞼從上而下，在鳥眼的前方。

to the back of its head

後腦勺

and it's defined by the black line beneath it,

而它'的定義是由它下面的黑線。

the eye-line.

眼線。

Eye-lines run from the bird’s bill back through the eye

眼線從鳥喙到眼球，再到眼球

to the back of the head.

到後腦勺。

Below the eye-line,

眼線以下。

you'll notice this grayish group of feathers that appear to

你'會注意到這個灰色的羽毛組，出現了

be on the bird’s cheek.

是在鳥的臉頰上。

These are called the ear coverts

這就是所謂的耳套

or auriculars.

或耳廓。

Beneath this and

在此之下和

just above the bird’s throat

喉際

is an area that’s a little more difficult to see on this bird,

是這隻鳥身上比較難看的一個區域。

the malar.

馬拉爾。

This is the white area just below the ear coverts

這是耳罩下面的白色區域。

that are bordered by a fine blackish line.

邊緣有一條黑色的細線。

Now let’s put everything we’ve learned together on a single bird,

現在讓我們把我們所學到的一切都放在一隻鳥身上。

the Golden-crowned Kinglet.

的金冠王者。

This bird doesn't have an eye-ring

這隻鳥沒有眼環。

or spectacles,

或眼鏡。

but it does have a gold crown,

但它確實有一個金冠。

bordered by black stripes running along the side of the crown.

邊緣有黑色條紋，沿皇冠的側面延伸。

Below that is a white supercilium that runs above the bird's dark eye-line.

下面是一個白色的上瞼，貫穿在鳥兒的黑眼線之上'。

And finally,

最後是：

check out the wings, it's got an obvious bold white wing bar.

檢查出的翅膀，它'了一個明顯的大膽的白色翼條。

Together all these patterns help us identify the bird as a Golden-crowned Kinglet.

所有這些模式一起幫助我們確定這隻鳥是金冠大王。

We could look for more subtle details, but remember we’re training ourselves to

我們可以尋找更多微妙的細節，但請記住，我們正在訓練我們自己

see the patterns that really stand out.

看到真正突出的圖案。

Birding by color pattern is all about looking past subtle plumage details

通過顏色圖案看鳥，就是要看透微妙的羽毛細節。

and taking in an overall color inventory.

並對整體色彩進行盤點。

The more time you spend watching the bird, the better you'll be able to describe its

觀察鳥的時間越長，你就越能描述它的。

color pattern and apply it to your identification.

顏色圖案，並將其應用於你的識別。

Recognizing color pattern is a fundamental key

認識色彩圖案是基本的關鍵

for becoming a better birder.

為成為一個更好的捕鳥人。

And when you take color pattern and combine it with the other

而當你把顏色圖案和結合它與其他的

three keys to identification,

識別的三把鑰匙。

size and shape, behavior, and habitat, you'll have a rock solid foundation

大小和形狀、行為和棲息地，你將有一個堅實的基礎。

for identifying birds.

用於識別鳥類。

So get out there and start putting all of your observational skills to use

所以，走出去，開始運用你所有的觀察能力吧。

and take your birding to the next level.

並將您的觀鳥活動提升到一個新的水準。