is what attracts so many of us to birding.

是吸引我們很多人去觀鳥的原因。

But besides being fun to watch, the way a bird acts is also

但是，鳥兒的行為除了有趣之外，也是一個很有趣的事情

a good clue to its identity.

一個很好的線索，它的身份。

On this episode of "Inside Birding", we’ll examine the third key to identification:

在這一集的"Inside Birding"中，我們將研究識別的第三個關鍵。

behavior,

行為。

and how it can help you make better observations

以及它如何幫助你做出更好的觀察

and more easily identify the birds you see.

並更容易識別你所看到的鳥類。

Oh, cool, there’s a Palm Warbler just below the Yellow-rump.

哦，酷，黃腰子下面有一隻棕鶯。

See, it’s flicking its tail.

看，它在甩尾巴。

Oh, yeah.

哦，是的。

That’s cool.

這很酷。

Behavior is a critical component of bird identification because,

行為是鳥類識別的一個重要組成部分，因為：

like size and shape,

如大小和形狀。

it's consistent

始終如一

and unchanging within a species.

並在一個物種內不變。

With few exceptions, Blue Jays always behave like Blue Jays,

除了少數例外，藍鳥隊總是表現得像藍鳥隊。

Hairy Woodpeckers

毛啄木鳥

always behave like Hairy Woodpeckers, and so on.

總是表現得像毛啄木鳥一樣，等等。

For identification purposes,

為識別目的：

we tend to focus on behaviors

我們傾向於關注行為

that are most frequently occurring throughout the year.

一年中最常出現的。

These are posture,

這些都是姿態。

foraging,

覓食。

and flight style.

和飛行方式。

Unlike nesting and courtship behaviors, these are the things we see birds do every day.

與築巢和求偶行為不同，這些都是我們每天都能看到鳥類做的事情。

That thing’s awesome.

那東西太厲害了

A couple of Turkey Vultures down right. There’s another one.

右邊有一對火雞禿鷲 A couple of Turkey Vultures down right. 還有一個。

In order to identify birds by their behavior,

為了從行為上識別鳥類。

we need to break down our observations with a series of questions.

我們需要用一系列的問題來分解我們的觀察。

Now remember, we're focused primarily on posture, foraging, and flight style.

現在記住，我們'主要關注的是姿勢、覓食和飛行方式。

First, let's take a look at posture.

首先，我們來看看姿勢。

A bird’s posture can be broken down by asking two simple questions: where and how.

鳥的姿態可以通過問兩個簡單的問題來分解：在哪裡和如何。

"Where" is the easy part. And while there’s a lot of variation, most species prefer certain places over others.

"哪裡"是簡單的部分。 雖然有很多變化，但大多數物種喜歡某些地方而不是其他地方。

Male Indigo Buntings will perch and sing at the tops of trees at forest edges,

雄性靛青鵐會在林緣的樹頂棲息、歌唱。

while Ovenbirds are commonly found lurking in the forest understory.

而烏鴉鳥通常潛伏在森林的林下。

Many hawks, like this Red-tailed, perch out in the open and sometimes

許多鷹，像這隻紅尾巴，在空曠的地方棲息，有時會

can be seen on the side of highways.

在高速公路邊上可以看到。

And grebes, like these Red-necked Grebes,

還有鸊鷉，比如這些紅頸鸊鷉。

are almost always seen on the water.

幾乎總是在水面上看到。

After examining "where",

經過檢查"哪裡"。

it's time to take a look at how the bird is perched or standing.

它'是時候看看鳥兒是如何棲息或站立的。

Does it stand hunched over like this Black-crowned Night-Heron?

它是否像這隻黑冠夜鷺一樣彎腰站立？

Or is its posture more upright like this American Golden-Plover?

還是像這隻美國金鴴一樣，它的姿勢更挺拔？

A warbler’s posture, like this Wilson’s, is more horizontal,

鶯的姿態，就像這隻威爾遜的姿態，比較水準。

while cardinals tend to sit very upright.

而紅雀則往往坐得很端正。

Also observe if a bird

同時觀察是否有鳥

exhibits any repeated movements or ticks.

表現出任何重複的動作或蝨子。

These motions,

這些動議：

like the tail dipping on an Eastern Phoebe

鸚鵡學舌

are often unique to certain species and

往往是某些物種特有的，而且

are very helpful for identification.

對識別非常有幫助。

The Northern Waterthrush offers us another great example of repeated body movements.

北水鳥為我們提供了另一個身體重複運動的好例子。

See how it’s constantly bobbing its tail?

看到它不斷擺動尾巴的樣子了嗎？

The Winter Wren has its own version of this kind of behavior --

冬鷦鷯有自己的這種行為----。

it repeatedly bounces its entire body up and down.

它的整個身體反覆上下跳動。

Now, let's take a look at foraging behavior.

現在，讓我們'看看覓食行為。

Just as with posture, the first thing we're going to do is break the behavior down

就像姿勢一樣，我們要做的第一件事就是把行為分解出來

with a set of simple questions, first asking,

用一組簡單的問題，先問。

where does this bird forage?

這隻鳥在哪裡覓食？

Ducks, like this Mallard,

鴨子，比如這隻野鴨。

typically forage on the water,

通常在水面上覓食。

while wading birds, like this Lesser Yellowlegs, are most commonly seen

而涉禽，像這隻小黃鶯，則是最常見的。

stalking prey in the shallows.

在淺灘上跟蹤獵物。

Other birds,

其他鳥類。

like this Horned Lark,

比如這隻角雲雀。

like to forage on the ground in open areas and fields.

喜歡在空曠的地方和田野上覓食。

And let's not forget feeders.

而且我們不要忘記餵食者。

There are a number of birds that frequently visit backyard feeders

有一些鳥類經常光顧後院的餵養器。

to forage on seed or suet.

以種子或羊脂為食。

Once we've observed "where",

一旦我們'觀察到了"哪裡"。

it's time to ask

該問了

how does the bird forage?

鳥兒如何覓食？

Shorebirds, like this Piping Plover,

岸鳥，就像這隻琵鷺。

dash around and then pause to pick food off the surface.

四處飛奔，然後停頓下來撿拾表面的食物。

Short-billed Dowitchers

短嘴唐吉訶德

have a different style.

有不同的風格。

They probe deep into the mud for their meal.

它們深入泥土中探尋食物。

Some birds, like this Brown Creeper, excavate their meal from

有些鳥類，像這隻棕色的爬山虎，會把它們的食物從這裡挖出來

underneath tree bark.

在樹皮下。

While others, like this woodcock, pull it from the ground.

而另一些人，就像這隻木雞，則從地面上把它拉出來。

Flycatchers,

捕蠅者。

like this Tropical Kingbird,

就像這隻熱帶王鳥。

are aerial acrobats,

是空中雜技演員。

sailing from an exposed perch to catch insects on the wing.

從暴露的棲息地航行，以捕捉昆蟲的翅膀。

And the White-throated Sparrow provides a great example of how certain birds can find food

而白喉麻雀提供了一個很好的例子，說明某些鳥類是如何找到食物的。

by scratching through leaf-litter.

通過抓破落葉的方式。

Even the birds coming to your feeder exhibit different foraging styles.

即使是來到你的餵食器前的鳥兒也表現出不同的覓食方式。

A Black-capped Chickadee, for example, will snag a seed and quickly takeoff for a

例如，一隻黑帽山雀會搶到一粒種子，然後迅速起飛，去找一棵樹。

nearby branch before eating it,

附近的樹枝才吃。

while a Rose-breasted Grosbeak will stay on the feeder to eat as much as it can.

而玫瑰胸蛙則會留在餵食器上儘量多吃。

Finally, once you’ve looked at where and how,

最後，一旦你看了哪裡和如何。

try to figure out what the bird is eating.

試著找出鳥兒在吃什麼。

Birds can be a masterful hunters

鳥類可以是一個高明的獵人

and, like this Tricolored Heron, can make catching fish look easy.

而且，就像這隻三色鷺一樣，可以讓抓魚看起來很容易。

Warblers, like this Yellow-rumped,

鶯，像這種黃腰子。

move quickly through trees and shrubs in pursuit of insects.

在樹木和灌木中快速移動，追尋昆蟲。

Other birds, like this Carolina Chickadee, rely on seeds for their meal.

其他的鳥類，比如這隻卡羅萊納山雞，則是靠種子來充飢。

And in the late summer or early fall, you can often find robins

而在夏末秋初的時候，你經常可以發現知了。

or Cedar Waxwings eating berries.

或吃漿果的雪松蠟翼。

If you watch closely, you'll be amazed at what birds,

如果你仔細觀察，你會驚訝於什麼鳥。

like this Purple Gallinule, eat.

像這種紫膽草，吃。

Flight style is more nuanced, but you should do your best to broadly describe

飛行風格比較細微，但你應該儘量做到大致描述

what you're seeing, focusing on wing beats and directness of flight.

你所看到的，專注於翅膀的節拍和飛行的直接性。

So if we look at a tern, like this Arctic Tern, you'll notice how they hover

所以，如果我們看燕鷗，像這種北極燕鷗，你會注意到他們是如何徘徊的

on snappy, shallow wing beats, before plunging into the water to catch fish.

在啪啪啪、淺淺的翅膀拍打上，然後再投入水裡抓魚。

Short-eared Owls fly with deep moth-like wing beats, punctuated by short glides.

短耳貓頭鷹飛翔時，翅膀拍打得像飛蛾一樣深沉，短距離滑翔是其間的點綴。

And ducks, like these shovelers, are recognizable by their wickedly fast wing beats.

而鴨子，就像這些鏟屎官一樣，可以通過它們那邪惡的快速翅膀節奏來識別。

And shorebirds,

還有岸鳥。

like these Hudsonian Godwits,

就像這些哈德遜的神鳥。

are commonly seen in fast-moving flocks.

常見於快速移動的羊群中。

By comparison, Sandhill Cranes exhibit deep, methodical wing beats and

相比之下，沙丘鶴表現出深沉、有條不紊的翅膀拍打和。

arrow-straight flight patterns.

箭直飛行模式。

Even soaring birds, like this Osprey,

即使是翱翔的鳥類，比如這隻鶚。

have characteristic flight styles that allow you to identify them.

有特色的飛行風格，讓你能夠識別它們。

The Bald Eagle soars on flat, steady wings.

禿鷹用平坦而穩定的翅膀翱翔。

Look how different this is from the Turkey Vulture's

你看這和火雞禿鷲有多大的區別？

v-shaped, teetering flight style.

V型，蹺蹺板的飛行方式。

While keying in on flight style

在鍵入飛行風格的同時

may seem difficult,

可能看起來很難。

if you stick with it

如果你堅持下去

you’ll start to recognize the differences between species

你會開始認識到物種之間的差異。

that will help you identify them.

這將幫助你識別它們。

Brown Pelicans going over the crest of the sea break. About 35 or so...

褐鵜鶘要去海堤的山峰上。大約35只左右...

See the Royal Terns on the beach?

在海灘上看到皇家燕鷗了嗎？

The diversity of bird behavior is astounding.

鳥類行為的多樣性是令人震驚的。

And while it seems like one of the more difficult keys to employ,

雖然這似乎是一個比較難採用的關鍵。

the fundamentals of birding by behavior are actually quite simple.

行為養鳥的基本原理其實很簡單。

It's all about your observations. And to make good observations,

這'就是你的觀察力。 而且要做好觀察。

all you really need to do is spend time

你真正需要做的是花時間

watching the birds you see.

看著你看到的鳥。

If you spend time watching bird behavior,

如果你花時間觀察鳥類行為。

the way they move,

他們移動的方式。

fly, and forage, I guarantee that you’ll develop a real appreciation

飛，和飼料，我保證你會發展一個真正的欣賞。

for what you're seeing.

對於你所看到的。

And remember, just as with the shape of a bird’s bill or the melody of a bird’s song,

記住，就像鳥喙的形狀或鳥鳴的旋律一樣。

the way a bird behaves is consistent within a species.

鳥類的行為方式在一個物種內是一致的。

This makes behavior a very reliable indicator

這使行為成為一個非常可靠的指標

for bird identification.

用於鳥類識別。

So get out there,

所以出去吧

makes some good observations, and you'll take your birding to the next level.

使一些良好的觀察，你'將採取你的鳥類到一個新的水準。

See the Royal Tern on the right? Oh, I got it.

看到右邊的皇家燕鷗了嗎？ 哦，我知道了。