Name: TED-ED - 宇宙終結的三種方式 - Venus Keus (TED-ED | Three ways the universe could end - Venus Keus)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T08:32:48.000Z
Duration: 4 min 47 s

虛擬句型

the Big Bang theory predicts that all  matter, time, and space

根據大爆炸理論的預測， 所有的物質、時間、空間

began in an incredibly tiny, compact  state about 14 billion years ago.

都開始於一個極小、 極緊實的狀態，時間是大約一百四十億年前。

scientists' observations of the movement  of galaxies

根據科學家對於銀河運動的觀察，

tell us that the universe is expanding  at an accelerated rate.

宇宙正在擴張，且速度越來越快。

Do we know how our universe  is going to end?

我們是否知道宇宙會如何結束？

Cosmologists have three  possible answers for this question,

宇宙學家針對這個問題 有三個可能的答案：

imagine two objects representing galaxies.

先想像一下，用兩個物體 來代表兩個銀河。

A short, tight rubber band is  holding them together—

有一條很短、很緊的橡膠帶 將它們連結在一起——

Meanwhile, two hooks are  pulling them apart—

同時，有兩個勾子 在將它們拉開——

that's the repulsive force  expanding the universe.

and you have something  approximating the real universe.

得到的結果就會 很接近真實的宇宙。

The outcome of the battle between  these two opposing forces

determines how the end of the  universe will play out.

會決定宇宙最後的結局是什麼。

The Big Freeze scenario is what happens  if the force pulling the objects apart

大凍結的情境是預期 將物體拉開的力量

is just strong enough to stretch the  rubber band until it loses its elasticity.

強大到足以將橡膠帶延伸開來， 到失去彈性的程度。

The expansion wouldn't be able to  accelerate anymore,

but the universe would keep  getting bigger.

until galaxies dissolved into  lonely objects

The light they emit would be redshifted  to long wavelengths

它們發散的光會發生紅移， 成為長的波長，

and the gas emanating from them  would be too thin to create new stars.

它們散發出來的氣體 會太稀薄而無法創造出新星。

The universe would become  darker and colder,

But what if the repulsive force  is so strong

that it stretches the rubber band  past its elastic limit,

強到讓橡膠帶的延伸 超出它的彈性極限，

If the expansion of the universe  continues to accelerate,

it will eventually overcome not only  the gravitational force –

最後，它不僅會戰勝重力引力——

tearing apart galaxies and solar systems–

but also the electromagnetic, weak,  and strong nuclear forces

同時也會戰勝電磁的、 弱的、強的核力，

也就是讓原子和核子 結合在一起的力量。

As a result, the matter that makes up stars  breaks into tiny pieces.

結果就是，形成天體的 物質會破成碎片。

Even atoms and subatomic particles  will be destroyed.

就連原子和亞原子粒子 都會被摧毀。

在這個情境所對應的可能未來，

in which the force of gravity brings the  universe's expansion to a halt—

重力引力會讓宇宙的 擴張停下來——

Galaxies would start rushing  towards each other,

their gravitational pull would  get even stronger.

它們的重力引力就會變得更強。

Stars too would hurtle  together and collide.

Temperatures would rise as space  would get tighter and tighter.

隨著空間變得越來越 緊密，溫度會上升。

until everything compressed into such  a small space

直到一切都壓縮成 這麼一個小空間，

that even atoms and subatomic particles  would have to crunch together.

就連原子和亞原子粒子 也會擠在一起。

The result would be an incredibly dense, hot, compact universe —

結果就會造成一個非常高密度、 高溫、緊密的宇宙——

a lot like the state that  preceded the Big Bang.

Could this tiny point of matter explode  in another Big Bang?

這個物質小圓點有沒有可能會爆炸， 發生另一次的大爆炸？

Could the universe expand and contract over and over again,

宇宙有沒有可能會擴張又收縮， 一而再，再而三，

The theory describing such a universe  is known as the Big Bounce.

描述這種宇宙的理論叫做大反彈。

In fact, there's no way to tell how many  bounces could've already happened—

事實上，無法知道目前 已經發生過多少次反彈——

Each bounce would wipe away any record of the universe's previous history.

每一次反彈都會將 宇宙的先前歷史紀錄給抹除。

Which one of those scenarios  will be the real one?

這些情境中， 哪一個比較可能是真的？

The answer depends on the exact shape  of the universe,

要看它所保有的暗能量有多少，

As of now, our observations suggest  that we're heading for a Big Freeze.

目前為止，根據我們的觀察， 我們正在朝大冰凍前進。

But the good news is that we've probably  got about 10 to the 100th power years

但，好消息是，我們可能 還要等「十的一百次方」年，

so don't start stocking up  on mittens just yet.

所以，還不用開始儲備長手套啦。

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TED-ED - 宇宙終結的三種方式 - Venus Keus (TED-ED | Three ways the universe could end - Venus Keus)

eventually

incredibly

approach

scenario