I'm Sam.

我是山姆

Neil: And I'm Neil.

而我'是尼爾。

Sam: Do you like sad music, Neil?

山姆：你喜歡悲傷的音樂嗎，尼爾？

Neil: Well, when I was younger and if I had

尼爾：嗯，當我年輕的時候，如果我有。

a break-up with a girlfriend I would listen

和女朋友分手我會聽

to sad songs, songs which

悲傷的歌曲，這些歌曲

reflected my mood.

反映了我的心情。

Sam: And do you still listen

你還在聽嗎？

to those songs now?

這些歌曲現在？

Neil: Not so much, but I do still

尼爾：沒有那麼多，但我還是會。

like them.

喜歡他們。

Sam: Well, it seems as if there might be

薩姆：好吧，好像有可能會有

a biological reason why

生理

some of us do like sad

有人喜歡悲傷

songs. We'll look at this topic a little more

歌曲。我們再來看看這個話題。

after this week's quiz question, which is

後，本週的測驗題，這是

about music videos.

關於音樂視頻。

The music video has been around

這支音樂視頻已經出現了

for a while, but in what year was MTV,

了一陣子，但在哪一年，MTV。

the first dedicated music video

第一部專門的音樂錄像帶

channel, launched in the US?

頻道，在美國推出?

Was it... A: 1981, B: 1982, or

是...A：1981年，B：1982年，還是

C: 1983?

C: 1983?

Neil: Well...

嗯...

Sam: What do you think, Neil?

山姆：你覺得呢，尼爾？

Neil: I'm going to guess.

尼爾：我&#39；要猜。

Is it the early 1980s?

是80年代初嗎？

Sam: Well, yes. Care to be more specific?

山姆：嗯，是的。介意更具體？

Neil: Well... Well, it was a long time ago

嗯...那是很久以前的事了

- I was just a small boy. I'm going to go

- 我只是一個小男孩。I'm going to go

for 1982.

1982年。

Sam: OK, I'll have answer later

山姆：好的，我待會有答案。

in the programme. But first,

在方案中。但首先。

more about sad songs. Professor

更多關於悲傷的歌曲。教授

David Huron from Ohio State University

俄亥俄州立大學的David Huron

has conducted research

研究過

in this area and he discussed

在這一領域，他討論了

it recently on a BBC World Service

它最近在英國廣播公司世界服務中

radio programme - The Why Factor.

廣播節目----《為什麼因素》。

He was looking at why some

他正在研究為什麼有些

people like sad music and

人們喜歡悲傷的音樂和

other people really don't like it all,

其他人真的不'都不喜歡。

as he says they just can't

因為他說，他們只是不能';。

stand it. He believes it's to do

忍受它。他認為這是做

with a hormone. A hormone is

與一種激素。激素是

a natural chemical in our bodies

人體內的一種天然化學物質

which can have an effect on various

會影響到各種

systems and also emotions.

系統，也是情感。

Listen out for the name

聽聽這個名字

of the hormone he mentions.

他提到的激素的。

Professor Huron: One of the things

胡倫教授：其中一件事

that we were interested in was -

我們感興趣的是-

what's the difference

孰輕孰重

between people who listen

傾聽者之間

to sad music and who love it,

到悲傷的音樂和誰愛它。

and people who listen to sad

和那些聽著悲傷的人

music and who just can't stand it.

音樂和誰只是不能忍受它。

In our research, it started pointing

在我們的研究中，它開始指向

towards a hormone

朝著激素的方向發展

called prolactin. Now, prolactin,

稱為催乳素。現在，催乳素。

as you might have guessed from the

你可能已經猜到了

name, is associated

名，是與

with 'lactation' from breast-feeding.

與'泌乳'從母乳餵養。

When people cry, they also

當人們哭泣時，他們也

release prolactin. And,

釋放催乳素。而且。

there are circumstances in which

在某些情況下

prolactin seems to have

催乳素似乎有

this comforting effect.

這種安慰的效果。

Sam: So which hormone did he mention?

山姆：那他提到的是哪種激素？

Neil: He talked about the hormone

尼爾：他說到了荷爾蒙

called prolactin which he said was

催乳素，他說這是

connected to lactation.

與哺乳期有關；

This is the production of milk by

這就是通過以下方式生產牛奶

mammals to feed their young.

哺乳動物來餵養它們的幼崽。

Sam: What he noted was this

山姆：他注意到的是

hormone can be released when people

激素可以在人們

cry and in some cases

哭泣，有的甚至

this hormone has a comforting effect.

這種激素有安慰作用。

When something is comforting,

當某件事情令人欣慰時。

it makes you feel

讓你覺得

better, it calms your emotions.

更好，它能讓你的情緒平靜下來。

Let's listen again.

讓我們再聽一遍。

Professor Huron: One of the things

胡倫教授：其中一件事

that we were interested in was -

我們感興趣的是-

what's the difference

孰輕孰重

between people who listen

傾聽者之間

to sad music and who love it,

到悲傷的音樂和誰愛它。

and people who listen to sad

和那些聽著悲傷的人

music and who just can't stand it.

音樂和誰只是不能忍受它。

In our research, it started pointing

在我們的研究中，它開始指向

towards a hormone

朝著激素的方向發展

called prolactin. Now, prolactin,

稱為催乳素。現在，催乳素。

as you might have guessed from

如你所料

the name, is associated

名字，是與

with 'lactation' from breast-feeding.

與'泌乳'從母乳餵養。

When people cry, they also

當人們哭泣時，他們也

release prolactin. And,

釋放催乳素。而且。

there are circumstances in which

在某些情況下

prolactin seems to have

催乳素似乎有

this comforting effect.

這種安慰的效果。

Sam: So, what conclusions did he make

那麼，他得出了什麼結論

about this hormone and how

關於這種激素和如何

it might be working?

它可能是工作？

Professor Huron explains.

Huron教授解釋道。

Professor Huron: So the thought was that,

胡龍教授：所以，我們的想法是。

perhaps what's going on

莫非

is that the people

是人

who are enjoying listening to sad music

喜歡聽悲傷音樂的人

are receiving some sort

正在接受某種

of excess of prolactin,

的過量催乳素。

and people who are listening to sad

和聽著悲傷的人

music and they just find it

音樂和他們只是發現它

incredibly sad and unhelpful

悲天憫人

and they just don't want to listen to it,

他們只是不'想聽它。

maybe they're not getting

也許他們沒有得到

enough prolactin

催乳素充足

when they listen to the music.

當他們聽音樂時。

Sam: So what is happening?

薩姆：那是怎麼回事？

Or as Professor Huron said,

或如胡倫教授所說。

what's going on?

什麼'是怎麼回事？

Neil: Well, it seems quite simple, though

尼爾：嗯，這看起來很簡單，雖然。

I'm sure it's very complicated. People who

我'肯定很複雜。人誰

like sad music are maybe getting

喜歡悲傷的音樂是也許得到

too much prolactin or more

催乳素過多或更多

than is normal - he describes

比正常的 - 他描述

this as an excess of prolactin.

這作為過量的催乳素。

And maybe people who don't like

也許人們誰不'喜歡

sad music aren't getting enough.

悲傷的音樂都不夠用了。

Sam: So, the idea is that prolactin

薩姆：所以，這個想法是催乳素。

is a hormone which we find comforting.

是一種讓我們覺得舒服的激素。

If our bodies release

如果我們的身體釋放

it when we hear sad music, it gives us a

當我們聽到悲傷的音樂時，它給了我們一個。

good feeling - but if prolactin

良好的感覺 - 但如果催乳素

isn't released or there isn't

不被釋放或沒有';。

enough of it, we just find the sad music

夠了，我們只是找到了悲傷的音樂。

sad and it doesn't help to cheer us up.

傷心，也無助於讓我們振作起來。

Neil: I guess so, but you know

我想是的，但你知道嗎？

emotions are funny things - it's

情緒是有趣的東西--它的。

weird to think that our

奇怪的是，我們的

feelings are caused by different

情由心生

natural chemicals that run around

流動的天然化學物質

the body.

身體。

Sam: Absolutely! OK,

山姆：當然！好的。

we're going to take another look at

我們要再看一下。

today's vocabulary but first, the answer

今天'的詞彙，但首先，答案是。

to this week's quiz.

到本週'的測驗。

The music video has been around

這支音樂視頻已經出現了

for a while, but in what year

何年

was MTV, the first

是MTV，第一個

dedicated music video channel, launched

專屬音樂視頻頻道，推出

in the US? Was it... A: 1981, B: 1982

在美國？是...A：1981年，B：1982年

or C: 1983?

或C：1983年？

And Neil, you said...

尼爾，你說...

Neil: I said it was definitely the early 80s.

尼爾：我說肯定是80年代初。

Sam: Well, you're not wrong there,

薩姆：嗯，你'那裡沒有錯。

but which year exactly?

但到底是哪一年？

Neil: '82?

尼爾：'82？

Sam: Ah well, you'll need to dig out

啊，好吧，你需要挖出'。

a sad song to make you feel better

悲傷的歌曲讓你感覺更好

now because the

現在因為

answer was 1981.

答案是1981年。

Neil: Oh dear, I can feel my

哦，親愛的，我能感覺到我的...

prolactin levels dropping already!

催乳素水準已經下降了!

Sam: I'm sure you can't! But let's move on

山姆：我'肯定你不能'!但讓我們繼續前進

to vocabulary. If you

到詞彙量。如果你

can't stand something,

忍受不了的東西。

it means you really don't like it.

這說明你真的不喜歡它。

Neil: A hormone is one of

尼爾：荷爾蒙是其中之一。

the body's natural chemicals.

身體的天然化學物質。

Sam: And the hormone prolactin

而激素催乳素呢？

is connected with lactation,

與哺乳期有關。

which is the production of

也就是生產

milk by mammals.

哺乳動物的奶水。

Neil: Something that is comforting

讓人欣慰的事情

makes you feel better emotionally.

讓你在情緒上感覺更好。

Sam: The phrase 'what's going on' has

薩姆：這句話'什麼'怎麼回事'已經。

a very similar meaning to

意思很像

'what's happening'.

'what's happening'.

Neil: And an excess of something is

過量的東西是

'too much or a more than normal

＆#39;太多或超過正常的。

amount of that thing'.

量的那個東西'。

Sam: Well, before you have an excess of

山姆：好吧，在你有一個多餘的

our company, we should wrap up.

我們公司，我們應該收尾。

Thanks for listening

謝謝你的聆聽

and we hope you'll join us again soon.

並希望你'很快再次加入我們。

As ever, don't forget that you can find

和以往一樣，不要忘記，你可以找到

more from the BBC Learning English

更多來自BBC學習英語

team online, across social media and

團隊在線，通過社交媒體和

on our very own app!

在我們自己的應用程序上!

Bye for now!

再見

Neil: Goodbye!

再見！