yet this industry has never been bigger.

上次的金融危機大約是十年前的事了，

Legislation that was meant to better regulate its largest players

但，這個產業從未像現今如此龐大。

has hurt its smaller ones,

立法的目的應該是要針對

resulting in most of the industry's assets to be controlled by the top one percent.

傷害小型個體戶的大型企業 制訂出更好的規範，

They've become too big to fail.

因這個產業絕大部分的資產 都被前 1% 的人所控制。

I'm not referring to big banks,

它們大到不能倒。

but the world of Big Agriculture.

我指的不是大銀行，

As a public health practitioner

是大型農業產業的世界。

who has worked with small-scale farmers in Rwanda

身為曾經在盧安達和小規模 農夫合作過的公共衛生從業人員，

and now as a small food business owner

並身為連結消費者和生產者的

who sits at the intersection between our consumers and producers,

小型食品公司的老闆，

I've been exposed to one of the most

我曾經接觸過全世界在生態 和經濟上最密集的產業之一，

ecologically and economically intensive industries in the world,

工作期間，我目睹了 一個讓人寒心的諷刺現象。

and throughout my work,

供應我們社區農作物的農夫， 卻買不起他們自己所種的作物。

I've witnessed a chilling irony.

現今，少數的企業持續鞏固

Our farmers, who feed our communities, cannot afford the very foods they grow.

整個糧食供應鏈，

Today, a handful of corporations continue to consolidate

從種子的智慧財產權， 到農產品及家畜，

the entire food supply chain,

一直到借錢給這些農夫的金融機構。

from the intellectual property of seeds to produce and livestock

造成的結果是近期 越來越多的家庭農場破產，

all the way to the financial institutions who lend to these farmers.

只想在這個產業中 求生存的人幾乎沒有控制權。

And the recent results have been rising bankruptcies for family farms

若再不注意，我們就會 朝向另一次經濟崩壞邁進，

and little control for those who are just trying to survive in the industry.

和八〇年代的農業危機很類似，

Left unchecked, we will head into another economic collapse,

那時商品市場的價格大跌，

one very similar to the farm crisis of the 1980s,

利率加倍，

when commodity market prices crashed,

許多農夫失去了一切。

interest rates doubled,

幸運的是，有一個非常 簡單的三步驟解決方案，

and many farmers lost everything.

各位現在就可以參與，

Fortunately, there's a very simple, three-part solution

協助我們由下而上來改革糧食產業。

you can be part of right now

第一步：在你當地的農夫市場購物。

to help us transform our food industry from the bottom up.

在當地市場購買，

Step one: shop at your local farmers markets.

訂購眾所周知的

Buying from your local market

「社區支持農業」（CSA） 的蔬果箱，

and subscribing to a community-supported agricultural produce box,

可能是身為現代消費者的你

better known as a CSA,

所能做出最棒的購買決策。

may be the single greatest purchasing decision you can make

去年，美國農夫的收入

as a consumer today.

創下近三十年來的新低，

Last year, American farmers made the least they have

因為他們現在擁有的供應鏈環節，

in almost three decades,

比以前更少。

because they now own fewer parts of the supply chain

與大型農業企業和大型連鎖超市 所簽訂的獨家銷售合約，

than ever before.

使農夫的產品無法賣到公平的價錢。

Under exclusive contracts with Big Ag and big box stores,

事實上，美國農夫平均只能 從你去商店購買的產品上

farmers are not offered a fair price for their goods.

每一塊錢賺不到十五分錢。

In fact, the average farmer in America

另一方面，在農夫市場 銷售自己產品的農夫，

makes less than 15 cents of every dollar on a product that you purchase at a store.

每一塊錢卻可以拿到近九十分的錢。

On the other hand, farmers who sell their goods at a farmers market

除了能拿回比較多的錢，

take home closer to 90 cents of every dollar.

農夫會把市場當作

But beyond taking home a larger share,

栽培下一代負責牧養我們農地

farmers use markets as an opportunity

和牧地的農場主的機會。

to cultivate the next generation of agriculturalists

在對抗氣候的變遷中， 我們遠比以前更需要他們

who shepherd our farmlands and our pastures.

來推動和保存多樣化的土地運用。

In our fight against climate change, we need them now more than ever

當數世代的農場被 大型農業企業給併吞掉，

to promote and preserve diverse land use.

我們的社區正遭受到數不清的危機。

When multigenerational farms are lost to Big Ag consolidation,

現在美國鄉村地區的暴力犯罪 已經高於全國平均值。

our communities suffer in countless ways.

受訪的農場工人中，有四分之三曾經

Rural America has now jumped above the national average in violent crime.

受到鴉片類藥物泛濫的直接影響。

Three out four farmworkers surveyed have been directly impacted

雖然通常看起來像是意外事件，

by our opioid epidemic.

但其實農夫自殺的人數正在攀升。

Now oftentimes disguised as accidents,

第二步：

farmer suicide is now on the rise.

到你當地的農夫市場去購物。

Step two: shop at your local farmers markets.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

大型零售店中的農產品通常 是在成熟之前就被採收下來，

Produce from a large retail store is harvested before it's ripe

運送一千多英里的路後， 才能在兩週後

to travel more than a thousand miles before it ultimately sits on your shelf

送到你面前的貨架上。

roughly two weeks later.

或者，因為大部分的農夫市場

Alternatively, because most farmers markets

有鄰近性和生產上的要求，

have proximity and production requirements,

農夫只要運送不到五十英里的距離 就能提供你當地的農產品，

farmers travel less than 50 miles to offer you local produce

且免掉不必要的包裝。

with minimal packaging waste.

隨著線上食品雜貨商的出現 以及配好菜的快煮餐成為趨勢，

With the advent of online grocers and trending meal kits,

消費者和他們的農夫

consumers are increasingly disconnected

及糧食生產經濟間的連結逐漸斷開。

with their farmers and the economics of food production.

從智慧型手機革命興起後，

Since the rise of the smartphone revolution,

直接銷售給消費者的產品就開始蕭條。

direct-to-consumer goods have stagnated.

雖然當地的永續食物 已經流行了近十年，

While local and sustainable foods have been trending for almost a decade,

但像「健康」及「天然」 這類用詞，在美國無法條可規範。

terms like "healthy" and "natural"

若想買新鮮、營養豐富的食物，

have no legal framework in the United States.

不被市場術語欺騙， 最好的選擇會是什麼？

Your best bet for fresh, nutrient-rich foods

到你的農夫市場購物。

without the marketing jargon?

買當地的食物並不是個新點子，

Go to your farmers market.

但要把它培養成一種習慣 仍是一個新的概念。

Buying local is not a new idea,

如果我們想要避免 用高價買到便宜的食物、

but turning it into a habit in today's world still is.

保護我們的環境、

If we want to avoid the high costs of cheap food,

重建我們的社區，

protect our environment,

並拯救我們的農夫—— 真正地拯救——

rebuild our communities

就得用採購食品的 方式來表達我們的意向。

and save our farmers -- literally --

我們的糧食體系成功與否 和大家都有直接的相關性。

we're going to need to vote with our food purchases.

如果我們想要打破大型農業企業 對糧食供應鏈的把持，

The success of our food systems is directly attached to us.

我們就得和我們的農夫建立連結。

If we want to break up Big Ag's hold on our food supply chain,

我們就得要和這些每天

then we're going to need to connect with our farmers.

餵養我們三餐的雙手重建關係。

We're going to need to rebuild relationships

還要外加兩次點心。

with the hands that feed us three times a day.

對吧。

Plus, two more for snacks.

政府有個線上資料庫，

Come on.

裡面有全國超過八千六百個 農夫市場的資訊，

With a government online database of more than 8,600 farmers markets

很容易就能找到最近的一個。

across the country,

把自己想成是糧食的投資者，

you can easily find the nearest one to you.

你的購買力有助於為大家 創造出更公平的社會。

Just think of yourself as an investor in food,

喔！

where your purchasing power helps create a more equitable society for everyone.

差點忘了第三步，

Oh!

可能出乎你的意料：

Almost forgot step three,

到你當地的農夫市場去購物。

which may surprise you:

（笑聲）

shop at your local farmers markets.

謝謝。

(Laughter)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

(Applause)