字幕列表 影片播放 列印所有字幕 列印翻譯字幕 列印英文字幕 Hey guys, I'm Stan Prokopenko. 嘿伙計們,我是Stan Prokopenko。 I've been teaching drawing and painting for 10 years now. 我已經教了10年的繪畫和繪畫。 I've seen a lot of portfolios. 我見過很多投資組合。 I've critiqued thousands of assignments. 我批評了成千上萬的任務。 And the problems I saw in student work back when I first started teaching are the same 我在學生的工作中遇到的問題 當我第一次開始教學時是一樣的 one's I'm still seeing now. 一個人我現在還在看。 These are fundamental issues that don't change with the latest version of photoshop or even 這些是不會改變的基本問題 使用最新版本的photoshop甚至 what century you live in. 你生活在哪個世紀。 Before we jump in, I want to quickly mention that I'm working on a drawing basics course. 在我們進入之前,我想快速提一下 我正在學習繪圖基礎課程。 It's meant to be a new artist's first course. 它意味著成為新藝術家的第一道菜。 Get you started doing the right things and hit the ground running. 讓你開始做正確的事情 摔倒在地。 If you don't want to miss it when it comes out, get on the newsletter at proko.com/subscribe. 如果您不想錯過它 在proko.com/subscribe上獲取時事通訊。 So, here are 5 shading mistakes you're probably making, and how to fix them. 所以,這裡有5個陰影錯誤 製作,以及如何解決它們。 #5 - Icing Before Cake #5 - 蛋糕前結冰 I meet artists all the time who are just starting out, and they're practicing techniques and 我一直在和剛剛開始的藝術家見面 他們正在練習技巧 anatomy and shading details and all this really cool stuff... 解剖和陰影細節和這一切真的 酷的東西... But it's not making their drawings better. 但它並沒有讓他們的畫更好。 Why is that? 這是為什麼? While they're focused on all the fancy fun stuff, they're making huge proportion mistakes, 雖然他們專注於所有花哨的樂趣 事情,他們犯了很大比例的錯誤, their perspective is off, and their gesture is stiff. 他們的觀點是關閉的,他們的姿態 很僵硬。 That's not even icing before cake, that's icing without cake. 這甚至不是蛋糕之前的結冰,那是 沒有蛋糕的糖衣。 You've got to build your pictures and your skills with the fundamentals first. 你必須建立你的照片和你的照片 首先是基礎知識的技能。 Each concept builds on the last. 每個概念都建立在最後。 Surface stuff like anatomy, techniques and rendering details are all at the tippy-top, 表面的東西,如解剖學,技術和 渲染細節都在頂部, awesome but initially unnecessary and less important than the stuff at the bottom. 很棒,但最初是不必要的,少了 比底部的東西重要。 You can't shade correctly if you don't know the simple form; you can't draw the simple 如果你不知道,你不能正確遮蔭 簡單的形式;你不能畫出簡單的 form if you don't understand perspective; The forms don't matter if you can't draw a 如果你不了解透視; 如果你不能畫一個表格無關緊要 straight line, keep your proportions in check or establish a dynamic pose. 直線,控制你的比例 或建立動態姿勢。 This is a drawing I did a few years into my studies. 這是我做了幾年的繪畫 學習。 If you think it's really good, you've fallen for my tricks. 如果你認為它真的很好,你就會墮落 我的伎倆。 At this point in my development I got good at shading. 在我的發展的這一點上,我變得很好 在陰影處。 But it's filled with structural errors. 但它充滿了結構性錯誤。 I didn't really understand form. 我真的不懂形式。 I just learned some effective tricks to make the drawing appear 3d. 我剛學會了一些有效的技巧 圖紙顯示為3d。 An exaggerated core shadow, some reflected light, and a bright highlight as a cherry on top. 一個誇張的核心影子,一些反映 光線明亮,作為櫻桃的亮點。 Wow, it's so easy! 哇,這太容易了! But it's all just a cheap distraction from the uninformed construction. 但這只是一個廉價的分心 不知情的建築。 The icing might be the part that makes it look pretty or makes it stand out, but icing 結冰可能是製造它的部分 看起來很漂亮或讓它脫穎而出,但結冰 by itself is gross... 本身就是粗... It's empty calories. 這是空卡路里。 Remember this every time you want to draw eyelashes before the eye socket. 每次想要畫畫時都要記住這一點 眼窩前的睫毛。 #4 - Bad reference #4 - 參考不好 Whoa, hold up guys, I just got tagged and I've got to take a selfie... let's see... 哇,抱著傢伙,我剛剛被標記了 我必須自拍...讓我們看看... First, camera up high, very slimming. 首先,相機高,非常纖薄。 Kinda dark in here, turn flash on... 有點黑暗在這裡,打開閃光燈...... Click... 點擊... Alright, now I've got to choose a nice filter... 好吧,現在我必須選擇一個漂亮的過濾器...... Hmm... Tweak that a little bit... 嗯...稍微調整一下...... Perfect. 完善。 We've distorted and edited the shit out of that photo. 我們歪曲並編輯了這個狗屎 那張照片。 It might be flattering or maybe even a good photo, but photography and drawing are two 這可能是討人喜歡的,甚至可能是好的 照片,但攝影和繪畫是兩個 different fields. 不同的領域。 Something that makes a good photo won't necessarily make good reference for drawing. 製作好照片的東西不一定 為繪圖做好參考。 You won't be able to draw something like this, from a photo like this. 你將無法畫出這樣的東西, 從這樣的照片。 Drawing from bad photos is super common, but super easy to fix. 從糟糕的照片中汲取是非常常見的,但是 超級容易修復。 I wrote a blog post about it ages ago, so you can go there for a more detailed lesson 我很久以前寫了一篇關於它的博客文章,所以 你可以去那裡學習更詳細的課程 on what makes good photo reference. 什麼是好照片參考。 But to paraphrase... 但是要解釋一下...... Don't use overexposed or underexposed photos. 請勿使用過度曝光或曝光不足的照片。 Don't use flat-lit or flash-lit photos 請勿使用平板照明或閃光燈照明 Don't use blurry photos 不要使用模糊的照片 Don't use photos with extreme lens distortion 請勿使用極端鏡頭失真的照片 Don't use tiny photos. 不要使用微小的照片。 Make sure the resolution is high enough so you can at least see the forms of the nostrils 確保分辨率足夠高 你至少可以看到鼻孔的形狀 and eyelids 和眼皮 And don't use photoshopped photos from magazines 並且不要使用雜誌上的photoshopped照片 When looking for reference, look for photos with good lighting and clear shadows, like this. 尋找參考時,尋找照片 照明良好,陰影清晰,就像這樣。 This will translate into a dimensional drawing. 這將轉化為尺寸圖。 Drawing from a flash photo like this with no shadows makes it much harder to define 用這樣的flash照片繪製 沒有陰影使得定義更加困難 the forms in your drawing. 圖紙中的表格。 It's possible, I've done it, but it takes a trained eye and ability to use subtle halftones 這是可能的,我已經完成了,但它需要 訓練有素的眼睛和使用微妙半色調的能力 to define the forms. 定義表單。 Beginners usually end up with flat, muddy looking patches of tone. 初學者通常會變得扁平,泥濘 尋找色調。 If you're just getting started, I recommend sticking to photos with lighting that clearly 如果你剛剛開始,我推薦 堅持照明清晰的照片 defines the forms. 定義表格。 You can find photo packs made specifically for artists that have good lighting and minimal 你可以找到專門製作的照片包 對於擁有良好照明和最小化的藝術家 touch-ups. 觸摸起坐。 I've got some here. 我有一些在這裡。 In the long run, the best thing to do is learn how to take your own reference photos. 從長遠來看,最好的辦法是學習 如何拍攝自己的參考照片。 And if you can draw from life instead, well, that's better than any photo. 如果你能從生活中汲取靈感,那就是 比任何照片都好。 #3 - Outlines #3 - 概述 There's always a silver lining, but there's also not, because the real world doesn't have 總有一線希望,但有 也沒有,因為現實世界沒有 outlines. 概括。 Yet as beginners, we all start by drawing thick, dark outlines around everything. 然而作為初學者,我們都從繪畫開始 一切都很濃密,黑暗的輪廓。 Now, there's nothing wrong with linear drawing or cartoons if that's your intention. 現在,線性繪圖沒有任何問題 或者漫畫,如果這是你的意圖。 But if you're trying to draw realistically, you need to be thoughtful about your outlines. 但如果你想逼真地畫畫, 你需要考慮你的大綱。 It's ok to use them. 可以使用它們。 It's a mistake to overuse them, or use them as a crutch. 過度使用或使用它們是錯誤的 作為拐杖。 Stop thinking of 2D shapes and start thinking of 3D planes. 停止思考2D形狀並開始思考 3D飛機 Knowing the structure of the nose - that means the planes of the nose, which are based off 知道鼻子的結構 - 這意味著 鼻子的平面,基於 of anatomy, will help you place patches of tone that make it look like a convincing nose. 解剖學,將幫助你擺放補丁 使它看起來像一個令人信服的鼻子的音調。 No need for outlines. 不需要大綱。 You can draw a whole picture without any outlines, since that's how we actually see things. 您可以繪製整個圖片,沒有任何輪廓, 因為那是我們實際看到的東西。 Masters like John Singer Sargent, know how to use both. 像John Singer Sargent這樣的大師知道如何 同時使用兩者。 In the face of this drawing, he's not using outlines, just tone. 面對這幅畫,他沒有使用 概述,只是語氣。 It's the center of interest, so he makes it more realistic. 它是感興趣的中心,所以他成功了 更現實。 In all these secondary elements, he uses outlines. 在所有這些次要元素中,他使用輪廓。 The outlines are deliberate. 大綱是刻意的。 The tonal face and the outlined parts have a nice contrast. 色調面和輪廓部分有 一個很好的對比。 And the outlines don't look boring. 大綱看起來並不乏味。 They have a variety to their weight. 它們的重量各不相同。 The jaw and neck are outlined. 下顎和頸部有輪廓。 But the ear isn't. 但耳朵不是。 The edge is lost into the background. 邊緣丟失在背景中。 He used the outline sparingly, and only in areas where he wanted the forms to pop. 他謹慎地使用了輪廓,只在區域使用 他想要表格流行的地方。 The left side of the figure is separated from the background with a value difference. 圖的左側是分開的 具有價值差異的背景。 The jaw, neck, shirt, bowtie, and jacket are all very similar in value. 下巴,脖子,襯衫,領結和夾克都是 價值非常相似。 To separate them with tone, would require very subtle shading. 要用音調來區分它們 非常微妙的陰影。 In a quick drawing like this, too much detail in secondary elements could look overworked. 像這樣的快速繪圖,太多細節 次要元素可能看起來過度勞累。 A well placed outline is clean and simple. 放置好的輪廓清晰簡潔。 It does the job. 它完成了這項工作。 #2 - Afraid of the Dark #2 - 害怕黑暗 The next mistake is not going dark enough with your shadows. 下一個錯誤是不夠黑暗 與你的陰影。 I see this all the time, especially on portraits. 我一直都會看到這一點,特別是在肖像畫上。 People are afraid to put dark shadows on fair skin, because they know that the local color 人們害怕將陰影放在公平的地方 皮膚,因為他們知道當地的顏色 of the skin is pale, so they think light skin, light values. 皮膚很蒼白,所以他們覺得皮膚很淺, 光值。 But the shadow is just a shadow. 但影子只是一個影子。 It's the lack of light. 這是缺乏光明。 It's supposed to be dark. 它應該是黑暗的。 Or some people are afraid to go too dark because they might not be able to erase it, so their 或者有些人害怕因為太黑暗 他們可能無法抹去它,所以他們的 shadows end up being just as light as their halftones. 陰影最終和他們一樣輕 半色調。 By removing the shadows, you remove the mood that the lighting created. 通過刪除陰影,您可以消除情緒 照明創造了。 And you're losing the 3-dimensionality of the forms. 你正在失去三維性 形式。 If you don't like the lighting in the photo, why did you use the photo? 如果您不喜歡照片中的照明, 你為什麼用這張照片? Retake it! 重新開始吧! Don't make it that hard on yourself. 不要讓自己變得那麼難。 Inventing a new light setup on a face is really hard. 實際上,在臉上發明新的燈光設置 硬。 If you're advanced you can do whatever. 如果你先進,你可以做任何事情。 You can draw a pretty girl while looking at a beaver! 你可以在看的同時畫一個漂亮的女孩 海狸! But if you're a beginner, don't. 但如果你是初學者,不要。 So, to avoid muddy or cartoony drawings, learn how to see values correctly. 因此,為了避免泥濘或卡通圖紙,請學習 如何正確看待價值觀。 When you're drawing, make sure you separate the light family from the shadow family. 在繪畫時,請確保分開 來自影子世家的光明家族。 Remember the rule: the lightest dark is darker than the darkest light. 記住規則:最亮的黑暗更暗 比最黑暗的光。 If you're not sure what that means, this next mistake is for you. 如果您不確定這意味著什麼,那麼下一步 錯誤是給你的。 And #1 - Sloppy Values 而#1 - 邋Values的價值觀 The most common shading mistake I see is not organizing your values correctly. 我看到的最常見的陰影錯誤不是 正確組織你的價值觀。 Not making your shadows dark enough like I mentioned in the last mistake is one way, 不像我一樣讓你的陰影變暗 在最後一個錯誤中提到的是一種方式, but making your halftones too dark is just as bad. 但是你的半色調太暗了 一樣糟糕。 So, general sloppiness with your value control is the bigger issue. 所以,你的價值控制一般邋.. 是一個更大的問題。 The first thing that is important to understand is that the value on any particular point 首先要理解的是重要的事情 是任何特定點的價值 on the surface is mostly determined by the angle of the surface in relation to the light source. 在表面上大多是由 表面相對於光源的角度。 Unless you're dealing with highly reflective surfaces, then they act more like a mirror 除非你處理高度反思 表面,然後它們更像鏡子 to the environment. 對環境。 For now, let's stick to surfaces like skin, which are slightly reflective. 現在,讓我們堅持像皮膚一樣的表面, 有點反光。 I did a lesson on "How to Shade a Drawing" a while ago. 我做了一個關於“如何遮蔽繪畫”的課程 不久前。 I highly recommend you watch that next. 我強烈建議你注意下一步。 But generally, the part of the surface that points directly toward the light is called 但一般來說,表面的那部分 直接指向光的點被稱為 the center light. 中心燈。 It will be the brightest spot, excluding any reflected highlights. 這將是最亮點,不包括任何 反映亮點。 As the surface turns away from the light source, those planes will get progressively darker. 當表面遠離光源時, 那些飛機將逐漸變暗。 These are known as halftones. 這些被稱為半色調。 The more they face away the darker they are. 他們越是面對他們越黑暗。 After we pass what's called the "terminator" the planes don't receive any direct light 在我們通過所謂的“終結者”之後 飛機沒有任何直射光 from the light source, since they are facing away from the light. 來自光源,因為他們正面臨著 遠離光明。 Everything in there is shadow. 那裡的一切都是陰影。 Unless you're in space, shadows won't be pure black. 除非你在太空,否則陰影不會是純粹的 黑色。 Light will bounce off other things in the environment. 光會從其他東西中彈回來 環境。 So, within the shadows you'll have bounce light, or reflected light. 所以,在陰影中你會反彈 光或反射光。 But those are still darker than the halftones in the lit side. 但那些仍然比半色調更暗 在光明的一面。 That's the general concept. 這是一般概念。 There's also occlusion shadows, cast shadows, core shadows and highlights, but you can go 還有遮擋陰影,投射陰影, 核心陰影和亮點,但你可以去 go over the other lesson for the full explanation. 翻閱另一課以獲得完整的解釋。 Ok, now that you understand form and how light reveals form, it's important to stay consistent 好的,現在你了解形式和光線 揭示形式,保持一致是很重要的 throughout your drawing. 整個繪圖。 Light revealed the 3 dimensional forms because the value of a plane tells the viewer the 光顯示了三維形式,因為 飛機的價值告訴觀眾 angle of that plane. 那個飛機的角度。 If you make your halftones as dark as your shadows, then you're not communicating the 如果你讓你的半色調像你的一樣黑暗 陰影,然後你沒有溝通 correct plane angles and that breaks the illusion of form. 正確的平面角度,打破了幻覺 形式。 That brings us back to that rule: the lightest dark is darker than the darkest light. 這讓我們回到了那個規則:最輕的 黑暗比最黑暗的光暗。 Let me rephrase that a little. 讓我重新說一點。 The lightest shadow is darker than the darkest halftone. 最淺的陰影比最黑暗的陰影暗 半色調。 Make a little more sense? 更有意義嗎? You'd think that this reflected light under the jaw is lighter than this halftone on the 你會認為這反映了光線 顎比這個半色調輕 side of his check, right? 他的支票一邊吧? Well... wrong! 嗯......錯! I'll prove it. 我會證明這一點。 Sample this color. 採樣這種顏色。 Extend it out so you can see it's the same color. 擴展它,這樣你就可以看到它是一樣的 顏色。 Then do the same with this side. 然後對這一方做同樣的事情。 Whoooooa. Whoooooa。 So, if it's in the shadow family, it should be darker than anything in the light family. 所以,如果它在陰影家族中,它應該 比光明家族的任何東西都要暗。 Organize your values and use them correctly in your drawing. 組織您的價值觀並正確使用它們 在你的繪畫中。 And I don't mean that you have to organize your values exactly like this. 我並不是說你必須組織起來 你的價值觀就像這樣。 You can stretch your light family and shrink the shadows. 你可以拉伸你的光系列並縮小 陰影。 Or you can add more contrast between the two. 或者您可以在兩者之間添加更多對比度。 You don't even have to use the full value scale. 您甚至不必使用完整的值 規模。 You can limit your values so that your darkest dark is a value 5. 您可以限制您的價值,以便最黑暗 黑暗是一個值5。 But the relationship of the values are still organized. 但價值觀的關係仍然存在 舉辦。 And the key is to stay consistent with that throughout your drawing. 關鍵是要與之保持一致 整個繪圖。 If you break that, it should be intentional. 如果你打破它,它應該是故意的。 There's also incomplete shadows. 還有不完整的陰影。 Scratchy shading that has all these little holes of light in the shadow. 具有所有這些的小刮痕陰影 陰影中的光洞。 The holes are as light as a highlight, and they break up the shadow and ruin the effect 這些洞和高光一樣輕盈 他們打破陰影並破壞效果 of light on form. 形式上的光。 So the shadows don't actually look dark, they just look spotty. 所以陰影實際上看起來並不暗,他們 看起來不穩定。 Shadows look like halftones and halftones look like shadows...The result is dirty looking skin. 陰影看起來像半色調和半色調 看起來像陰影......結果是看起來很髒的皮膚。 You can fix this by filling in the holes manually, blending, or preventing it from happening 您可以通過手動填充孔來解決此問題, 混合或防止它發生 in the first place by shading with tight, close-together lines. 首先用陰影著色, 緊密的線。 When the shadows are consistent and clean like this, it has a much more realistic and 當陰影一致且乾淨時 像這樣,它有一個更現實和 3-dimensional feeling. 立體感。 The goal is to clearly communicate what is light and what is shadow. 目標是清楚地傳達什麼是 光和什麼是影子。 That makes clear 3D form. 這清楚地表明了3D形式。 Here's another example of a master breaking the rules. 這是另一個打破大師的例子 規則。 Harry Carmean doesn't always fill in his shadows with clean tone. Harry Carmean並不總是填補他的陰影 乾淨的語氣。 But, he's still clearly communicating what is shadow and what is light. 但是,他仍然清楚地傳達了什麼 是影子,什麼是光。 He uses the dark pencil only in the shadows. 他只在陰影中使用深色鉛筆。 He uses the white pencil only in the lights. 他只在燈光下使用白色鉛筆。 This clearly distinguishes the two. 這清楚地區分了兩者。 His mess is extremely well controlled. 他的混亂得到了很好的控制。 It's full of energy and fun to look at. 看起來充滿活力和樂趣。 It's skillfully designed, the anatomy is accurate and dynamic. 它設計巧妙,解剖結構準確 和動態。 It all holds together. 這一切都在一起。 Again, if you want to participate in the Drawing Basics course, make sure you're subscribed. 再次,如果你想參與繪圖 基礎知識課程,請確保您已訂閱。 And if you have a few seconds, do me a favor. 如果你有幾秒鐘,幫我一個忙。 If you have any friends or classmates that make some of these mistakes, save them! 如果你有任何朋友或同學 做出一些這些錯誤,拯救他們! Tell them about this video. 告訴他們這個視頻。
B1 中級 中文 美國腔 照片 黑暗 繪畫 輪廓 使用 影子 5大遮光錯誤 (Top 5 Shading Mistakes) 183 14 qqqzero1 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日 更多分享 分享 收藏 回報 影片單字