And will only be found in places like this.

而且只能在這樣的地方看到。

In other words, hard cash will disappear.

換句話說，現金將會消失。

It will become electronic transferred by things like these.

它會電子化，透過這樣的東西來轉移。

So what's the rush to get rid of cash?

所以，為什麼要急著淘汰掉現金？

And what's the cost?

還有，代價是什麼？

Let's face it money is cumbersome for consumers and banks.

說實話，貨幣對消費者及銀行來說是個累贅。

You need to mint the cash and to print the bills, which would transport them in armored trucks, store it in secure vaults and you need to sort it at the till as well.

你得鑄造硬幣、你得印紙鈔、你得用運鈔車運送它，把它鎖在非常安全的金庫，還得把它分類放進收銀機。

Operating in cash costs countries about 0.5% of their GDP every year.

現金的流動占各國每年約百分之 0.5 的 GDP 。

But cost isn't the only incentive to move towards a cashless future.

但成本並不是促使我們邁向無現金未來的唯一原因。

Demand is rising.

需求在增加。

Primarily demand from the young generations who are looking for fast, easy-to-use means of payments.

主要的需求來自於年輕世代，他們在尋求快速、簡易使用的付款方式。

Digital payments aren't just easy.

電子支付不只很簡單。

They're neat.

它非常井井有條。

It becomes easier for governments to monitor tax evasion and fraud.

政府能夠更輕鬆地監控逃漏稅及詐騙。

So we will have less of that going on, probably.

所以這些情況就會比較少發生，大致上。

Having every single payment automatically recorded is efficient.

讓每一筆交易都自動地被記錄非常有效率。

But there's a downside.

但是，有一項不利的因素。

Let's assume, for example, that a country that used to be democratic where people were not paying too much attention about safeguarding their privacy becomes undemocratic and someone wants to control citizen more closely.

我們來假設，比方說，一個原本民主的國家，人民沒有非常注重保護自己的隱私，後來變得不民主，而且有人想要更密切地控制人民。

They will try to infer from what you buy, your political leanings potentially.

他們會試著從你買的東西推斷你潛在的政治傾向。

And generally speaking just monitor what you're doing in ways that they shouldn't be doing.

整體來說就是以他們不該採用的方式來監控你的行動。

The ballot boxes are kept locked and sealed.

投票箱都是上鎖且密封的。

Living in a democratic country doesn't mean you shouldn't be concerned.

住在一個民主國家，並不代表你就不用擔心。

There are also worries that private companies perhaps might use this data in ways that are not safe or that you might not like.

也有人擔心私人公司可能會以不安全或是你不喜歡的方式使用這些資料。

And for a number of sectors knowing what you do with your money is very important.

知道你如何使用金錢對許多單位來說非常重要。

Electronic-money trails can allow governments and private companies to access and harvest personal data.

電子貨幣的紀錄可以讓政府及私人公司取得並收集個人資料。

But there's another threat that is worrying banks: cyberattacks.

但是還有另一個令銀行困擾的威脅：網路攻擊。

"It was a high-tech bank robbery."

這是一起高科技銀行搶案。

"Capital One suffering a massive hack attack involving..."

Capital One 遭遇一場大規模的駭客攻擊......

"A hundred million Capital One customer's accounts..."

一億個 Capital One 客戶的帳戶......

"Had their personal information stolen."

他們的個人資料遭竊。

In March 2019, Capital One bank was hacked.

2019 年 3 月，Capital One 銀行被駭客入侵。

A solo hacker managed to steal away 106 million people's personal details, um... in, in a matter of days.

一名駭客在幾天之內獨自竊取了 1.06 億人的個人資料。

And that attack was noticed just a few months after.

而這場攻擊是在數月後才被注意到。

You can see that a lot of companies are not very well protected yet, against such threats.

我們可以看到針對這樣的威脅，許多公司都尚未有良好的保護措施。

Pretty much every day we hear of data breaches and cyberattacks that are successful.

幾乎每一天我們都會聽到有數據漏洞或是成功的網路攻擊。

It's much harder to prevent an attack than to be on the hacker side because you only need to succeed once as a hacker.

阻止駭客攻擊比進行駭客攻擊更難，因為作為一個駭客你只需要成功一次。

Once upon a time, you would have two guys coming in, they would tell everyone to be on the floor, they would put the money in the bag and then run away with the money.

很久以前你可能會遇到兩個人衝進來，他們會叫大家趴在地上、把錢放進袋子裡，然後他們就帶著錢逃跑。

And you would get insurance against that.

你能夠對此採取保護措施。

You knew what the risk was.

你知道風險會是什麼。

Nowadays with cyberattacks, they can happen any time, they can take any form.

現在，網路攻擊可以在任何時間、任何地點以任何形式展開。

So it's very hard to insure against.

所以非常難對它採取預防措施。

Still, many countries are fast moving towards a cashless society.

許多國家仍然在快速地朝向無現金社會發展。

In Sweden, the number of retail cash transactions per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.

在瑞典，過去 10 年裡每人的零售現金交易量已經下降了百分之 80 。

The trend is even evident in far more cash-loyal societies.

這種趨勢在更高度依賴現金的社會甚至更明顯。

China's digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.

中國的電子支付從 2012 年佔所有支付額中的百分之 4，成長至 2017 年的百分之 34。

The trend is inevitable but a gradual transition is key.

這個趨勢是不可避免的，但漸進式的轉變才是關鍵。

It's important that we have a sort of control as to how fast this happens.

重要的是我們要有一種控制其發生速度的管道。

Because if that's not the case, some people might be left behind.

因為如果不這麼做，有些人可能會被落在後頭。

Some people may find it harder to grasp how much money they have without the physical representation of it.

沒有了實質的付錢表現，有些人可能會覺得更難把握自己花了多少錢。

Not everyone knows how to use internet banking technology.

不是所有人都知道該如何使用網路銀行技術。

And people living in remote areas, where internet cover is patchy, may find they have to drive for miles for their basic needs.

而住在網路覆蓋不均的偏遠地區的人們可能會需要開車到幾英里之外去完成基本需求。

And there is another sector of society that relies heavily on cash.

而社會中有另外一群人高度地依賴現金。

People living on the street don't carry card terminals with them.

露宿街頭的人並沒有信用卡。

So it would be very hard for them, well, first of all to collect money and to pay for things.

所以這對他們來說會非常困難，首先要取得錢，然後是付款。

They will be among the people who suffer the most from it.

他們會是所有人當中最難受的。

Going cashless is just the latest evolution of money in the modern economy.

進入無現金時代是現代經濟中最新的發展。

But it raises a fundamental question: what is the value of money if it doesn't physically exist?

不過它提出一個很重要的問題：如果貨幣沒有實質地存在，那它的價值在哪裡？

Central banks enact monetary policy by exerting control over the amount of money that is created and that is in circulation.

中央銀行透過控制貨幣被製造的量以及流通的量來實施貨幣政策。

And they can do it because they are the only entities that print and create money.

他們可以這麼做是因為他們是印刷並製造貨幣的唯一實體。

The purpose of it is to control the amount of money that is used by the entire economy.

這麼做的目的是要控制被使用在整個經濟體系中的貨幣量。

In a cashless society, obviously this becomes much harder because money presumably can be created by other entities.

在一個無現金的社會，這顯然會變得更困難，因為貨幣很可能可以被其他實體製造。

And so central banks are actually starting to realize this.

因此許多中央銀行開始意識到這件事。

Especially after Facebook made the announcement that they were looking to launch a digital currency.

尤其是在 Facebook 宣布他們打算要發行一款電子貨幣之後。

It shows you the extent to which central banks are already thinking about the future of money.

這顯示了中央銀行已經在思考關於貨幣的未來。

The move towards cashless societies is well under way.

邁向無現金社會的步伐已經順利開始。

But governments need to ensure that, as cash is phased out, the vulnerable in society aren't left behind.

但是政府必須確保，在現金逐漸被淘汰後，社會中的弱勢份子不會被落在後頭。