Journalism is a product of modern history and it's shaped by the politics of the places where it works.

新聞業是現代歷史的產物，它是由它工作的地方的政治形成的。

In liberal democracies, it's based on the ideals that knowledge is important, that expression should be free and that reliable information is good for society.

在自由民主國家，它是基於這樣的理想：知識是重要的，表達應該是自由的，可靠的資訊對社會是有益的。

It's been driven by the invention of new technologies such as paper, printing, electricity, photography and now of course, digital, social media, the internet.

它的推動力來自於新技術的發明，比如紙張、印刷、電力、攝影，當然現在還有數字、社交媒體、互聯網。

It's changed radically over time—from medieval scribes recording war and taxes to paid pamphleteers in coffee shops waging political battles; to mass market newspapers that use new tech, like trains and telephones to gather and spread the news; to television and radio that allows us to see, hear and connect with the rest of the world.

隨著時間的推移，它發生了根本性的變化，從中世紀的抄寫員記錄戰爭和稅收，到咖啡店裡的付費小冊子作者進行政治鬥爭；到大眾市場的報紙，使用新的技術，如火車和電話來收集和傳播新聞；到電視和廣播，使我們能夠看到、聽到並與世界其他地方聯繫。

The BBC's Richard Dimbleby's radio reports from Belsen concentration camp brought the horrors of the Holocaust to the world.

英國廣播公司（BBC）的理查德-丁伯比在貝爾森集中營的廣播報道，將大屠殺的恐怖展現在世人面前。

Television journalists like Dan Rather and photographers such as Don McCullin showed America the brutal reality of Vietnam, and reporters from The Washington Post metro desk forced a presidential resignation over Watergate.

丹-拉瑟等電視記者和唐-麥卡林等攝影師向美國展示了越南的殘酷現實，《華盛頓郵報》地鐵臺的記者也因水門事件迫使總統辭職。

As journalism became more influential, so politicians battled to control it.

隨著新聞業的影響力越來越大，政治家們也在爭相控制它。

Journalism's always about power.

新聞工作總是與權力有關。

Power over information, holding power to account or providing propaganda.

掌握資訊的權力，對權力進行問責或提供宣傳。

It claimed to make and break careers, swing elections and even start wars.

它號稱可以成就和打破事業，左右選舉，甚至發動戰爭。

It's produced heroes who have revealed scandals, such as systematic child abuse by paedophile priests.

它所產生的英雄們揭露了一些醜聞，比如戀童癖牧師有計劃地虐待兒童。

It's also created monsters who ruined lives and broke the law, such as the journalist who hacked into people's phones.

它還製造了一些毀壞生活、觸犯法律的怪物，比如那個黑進別人手機的記者。

Now it's all changing again.

現在，這一切又發生了變化。

Automatic software programs are writing 'bot journalism'. Citizens broadcast on their phones.

自動軟件程序正在編寫'機器人新聞'。市民用手機播報。

Algorithms created by huge technology companies shape the flow of news as people like or retweet the facts and opinions they want to share.

當人們喜歡或轉發他們想要分享的事實和觀點時，由大型科技公司創建的算法就會塑造新聞的流向。

That's meant an explosion of content, a tidal wave of information, much of it false, furious and fractious.

這就意味著內容的爆炸，資訊的潮汐，很多都是虛假的，憤怒的，分裂的。

People are confused about what to trust, uncertain what is true, fearful of the anger, conflict and bias they find online.

人們對該相信什麼感到困惑，不確定什麼是真實的，害怕在網上找到的憤怒、衝突和偏見。

We're in an age when populist leaders and shadowy interest groups use the cliche 'fake news' to attack journalists and deliberately mislead the public.

我們正處在一個民粹主義領袖和暗中利益集團利用老生常談的 "假新聞 "來攻擊記者、故意誤導公眾的時代。

So why did journalism fail to see all this coming?

那麼，為什麼新聞界沒有看到這一切呢？

Do we even need journalists anymore?

我們還需要記者嗎？

Fake news is actually good news for trustworthy, reliable journalism.

對於值得信賴、可靠的新聞業來說，假新聞其實是個好消息。

It's a chance for the news media to show why they're needed—to sort out the truth from lies and speak for the citizen.

這是一個機會，讓新聞媒體展示為什麼需要他們--釐清真相和謊言，為公民說話。

The digital age is a chance for journalism to reinvent itself with new tools such as virtual reality or artificial intelligence.

數字時代是新聞業利用虛擬現實或人工智能等新工具重塑自我的機會。

The internet provides massive competition for the mainstream media, but it also offers pathways to new business models such as membership, subscription and collaboration.

互聯網為主流媒體提供了大規模的競爭，但也為會員制、訂閱和合作等新的商業模式提供了途徑。

Most of all, it offers an opportunity for journalism to get back in touch—to be more diverse, relevant and engaging.

最重要的是，它為新聞業提供了一個機會，讓新聞業重拾聯繫--變得更加多樣化、更有針對性和更具吸引力。

In a social world where emotions and values drive our communications, journalism needs to rediscover the human touch and also to get back some key traditional ideals—to be reliable, responsible and to tell the stories that help to explain our complicated and often frightening world.

在一個由情感和價值觀驅動傳播的社會世界裡，新聞業需要重新找回人情味，也需要找回一些關鍵的傳統理想--可靠、負責任，並講述有助於解釋我們這個複雜而又常常令人恐懼的世界的故事。

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謝謝你的觀看!

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不要忘記訂閱並點擊鈴鐺接收新視頻的通知。我們很快會再見面的