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字幕列表 影片播放

  • If a picture is worth 1,000 words,

    如果一張照片勝過千言萬語,

  • video can be even more valuable.

    影片的訊息量肯定更多,

  • While in the past, citizens couldn't be sure a politician

    但在過去,民眾無法確定政治人物是否說實話,

  • was telling the truth -- -Well, I am not a crook.

    我可不是騙子,

  • -- they could trust the words captured on camera

    他們只能相信

  • that were said to begin with.

    那些政治人物在影片中講的話,

  • -I did not have sexual relations with that woman.

    我跟那個女人沒有性關係。

  • But seeing isn't always believing anymore.

    可是眼見不再為憑,

  • Glenn didn't just say that -- I did.

    說剛剛那句話的不是格蘭,是我講的,

  • False and misleading videos are circulated online,

    許多內容不實或誤導觀眾的影片由政客、遊說團體等散播,

  • spread by politicians, advocacy groups, and others,

    在網路上流傳,

  • and they're often viewed millions of times.

    通常那些影片都擁有幾百萬個觀看次數,

  • As the technology to manipulate video advances,

    假造影片的科技不斷進步,

  • there's even more urgency to understand

    因此我們必須趕緊了解如何

  • what's real and what's fake.

    判斷影片真偽,

  • -"The Fact Checker's" set out to develop a universal language

    「事實檢驗器」希望研發一個通用語言,

  • to hold creators and sharers of misleading video accountable.

    讓不實影片的創作者和散播者必須承擔責任,

  • This guide is intended to start a conversation.

    我們希望藉由這個簡介影片開啟對話,

  • To equip you with a new awareness

    讓觀看者對這方面有新的認識,

  • and a set of skills to detect fake video.

    學習判斷影片真假的技巧,

  • -We've grouped manipulated videos

    我們將假造影片

  • into three broad categories.

    分成三個大類別,

  • The first category is missing context.

    第一類是缺乏背景脈絡,

  • The video is unaltered, but is presented in a way

    影片沒有後製修改,

  • that lacks or misstates the context

    可是缺少或謊報

  • in which events occurred.

    事件背景;

  • Misrepresentation is using incorrect framing of a video

    曲解是在影片使用不正確的畫面或鏡頭

  • that misleads the viewer.

    誤導觀看者,

  • For example, Trump campaign adviser Katrina Pierson

    例如川普的競選顧問卡翠納皮爾森,

  • shared this video to represent rockets being fired in Gaza,

    分享過一個在加薩發射火箭的影片,

  • but it was really filmed in Belarus, 2,000 miles away.

    但這其實是在三千公里之外的白俄羅斯拍攝的,

  • Isolation is sharing a brief clip from a larger video,

    隔絕是指從較長的影片擷取剪斷片段,

  • creating a false narrative, like when conservatives shared

    敘述錯誤的事情,

  • that snippet of Representative Ilhan Omar,

    例如保守黨分享過眾議員伊爾漢·奧瑪爾的演說片段,

  • making it sound like she downplayed the 9/11 attacks.

    讓人們覺得她好像不重視九一一恐攻,

  • -Far too long we have lived with the discomfort

    我們活在身為次等公民的不安已經太久,

  • of being a second-class citizen, and, frankly, I'm tired of it,

    老實說我對此已感到厭倦,

  • and every single Muslim in this country should be tired of it.

    每一位美國穆斯林也應該感到厭倦,

  • CAIR was founded after 9/11

    美國與伊斯蘭關係委員會在 911 事件後創立,

  • because they recognized that some people did something

    因為穆斯林們意識到就因為某些人做了壞事,

  • and that all of us were starting to lose access

    便連帶使所有穆斯林開始

  • to our civil liberties.

    喪失公民自由權利,

  • -If the quote or video isn't being reported

    如果這整段話或影片沒有經過

  • by multiple verified news outlets,

    多個新聞出處報導,

  • it might be missing some important context.

    可能錯失重要的上下文。

  • The second category is the deceptive edit.

    第二類是造假後製,

  • That means a video has been edited or re-arranged.

    意思是影片經過編輯或重新排列,

  • Omission is editing out large portions of a video

    省略是把影片的大部分內容去除掉,

  • to skew reality.

    以曲解事實,

  • A liberal activist group shared this edited video of Senator

    一個自由黨的活動團體發過一段後製過的影片,

  • Dianne Feinstein speaking to children about climate change

    關於參議員黛安范士丹跟孩子們介紹氣候變遷,

  • that makes her look cool and dismissive.

    讓她顯得冷淡而且輕蔑,

  • -We have our own Green New Deal. -Some scientists have said

    我們有自己新的環境保護條約

  • that we have 12 years to turn this around.

    有些科學家說我們有十二年的時間扭轉氣候變遷,

  • Well, it's not going to get turned around in 10 years.

    未來十年不可能好轉的,

  • What we can do -- -Senator --

    我們可以做的是...

  • Splicing is editing videos together

    接合代表融合多個影片,

  • to fundamentally change the story,

    完全改變整個故事,

  • like when this conservative news outlet

    例如這個保守黨媒體

  • combined two different interviews of then Democratic

    結合兩個亞歷山德里婭·歐加修寇特茲的訪談─

  • congressional candidate Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,

    當時她是民主黨的國會議員參選人,

  • changing the meaning behind her answers.

    改變她的回答內容意涵,

  • -Do you have any knowledge whatsoever

    你具備關於

  • about how our political system works?

    美國政治運作的知識嗎?

  • -Mnh. -Yikes!

    沒有 天啊!

  • -If there seem to be gaps

    如果影片中

  • or unexplained transitions in a video,

    似乎有間隔差距或無法解釋的過度片段,

  • it may have been intentionally edited.

    那可能就是有經過蓄意修改,

  • The third category is malicious transformation.

    第三大類稱為惡意轉換:

  • The video has been manipulated to transform the footage itself.

    透過偽造改變影片本身,

  • Doctoring is altering the frames of a video, cropping,

    竄改是使用 Photoshop 或過音增減影像資訊,

  • or changing the speed, using Photoshop, dubbing audio,

    改變影片影格,剪裁畫面、

  • or adding or deleting visual information

    或轉變速度

  • in order to deceive the viewer.

    欺騙觀看者,

  • For example, this video of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi

    例如這支眾議院南西佩洛西的訪談影片速度

  • was slowed down to make her look drunk.

    被調慢,讓她看起來喝醉了,

  • -Fabrication is using artificial intelligence

    偽造是使用人工智慧

  • to make high-quality fake images.

    製作品質很好的造假圖像,

  • This includes deepfakes, like the video of Mark Zuckerberg

    包括 Deepfake 網站,

  • created using artificial intelligence

    例如用人工智慧可以合成影片,

  • to make him say things that he never said.

    讓馬克祖克伯說了本人從來沒說過的事情,

  • Whoever controls the data controls the future.

    能掌控數據的人也掌控了未來。

  • Inconsistencies around someone's face,

    如果人臉周圍有不一致的地方,

  • like weird coloring or blurring,

    例如奇怪顏色或模糊區塊、

  • as well as limited or no blinking,

    以及眨眼次數過少或根本沒有眨眼,

  • could mean it's a deepfake video.

    可能代表這是用 Deepfake 製作的影片,

  • If someone's voice sounds a little low or their hands

    如果人的聲音聽起來有點太低、

  • are moving too quickly or their face just looks off,

    手移動太快或是臉部表情不正常,

  • the video might have been manipulated.

    就可能代表影片有經過假造,

  • By labeling these types of video,

    我們將這些影片歸類,

  • we hope to create awareness

    希望可以讓你們了解,

  • that not all video shared online can be taken as a fact.

    並不是所有在網路上流傳的影片都可以當作事實,

  • We expect this list will grow as new categories

    預計新型態的假影片出現後,

  • of false video emerge.

    這些類別名單會有更多項目,

  • Online users should show more skepticism

    網路使用者需要對所有快速散播的影片,

  • before believing that a viral video really happened.

    保持懷疑態度,

  • And politicians and public figures have a responsibility

    政治與公眾人物有責任

  • to be more careful about what they share

    對於自己在社群媒體分享的貼文

  • on their social-media feeds.

    更謹慎,

  • As technology develops, these videos will only become

    隨著科技發展,這些影片只會

  • more and more common and more convincing.

    變得更普遍與讓人信服,

  • To speak on behalf of the American people

    為美國人民發聲,

  • and to address their concerns, their hopes, and their dreams.

    解除他們的憂慮、實踐他們的希望與夢想。

  • So, if you see something weird on your Twitter feed or Facebook

    所以如果你在推特、臉書、或 IG 看到奇怪的影片,

  • or Instagram, don't hesitate to e-mail us.

    不要猶豫,趕快寄電子郵件給我們。

If a picture is worth 1,000 words,

如果一張照片勝過千言萬語,

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