Name: 【TED】伊莉莎白．羅芙托斯 (Elizabeth Loftus): 虛構的記憶 (How reliable is your memory? | Elizabeth Loftus)
Uploaded: 2013-10-30T15:10:49.000Z
Duration: 17 min 37 s

I'd like to tell you about a legal case that I worked on

我想分享一個我曾處理過的法律案件，

關於一位名叫史帝芬．提多 (Steven Titus) 的男子。

He was 31 years old, he lived in Seattle, Washington,

那時他 31 歲，住在華盛頓西雅圖，

about to be married, she was the love of his life.

即將舉行婚禮，她是他畢生的摯愛。

and they were pulled over by a police officer.

a car that was driven earlier in the evening

那台車的司機性侵了搭便車的女子，

而提多和這名強暴犯長得有點像，

因此警察拍了一張提多的相片，

The police and the prosecution proceeded with a trial,

警察和檢察官開始一連串的訊問，

and when Steve Titus was put on trial for rape,

當史帝芬．提多因為性侵案接受審判時，

and said, "I'm absolutely positive that's the man."

她說：「我確定他就是那個男人。」

his fiancée collapsed on the floor sobbing,

Well, Titus lost complete faith in the legal system,

he got the interest of an investigative journalist,

and that journalist actually found the real rapist,

這名記者後來確實找到了真兇，

a man who ultimately confessed to this rape,

a man who was thought to have committed 50 rapes

and when this information was given to the judge,

And really, that's where this case should have ended.

Titus should have thought of this as a horrible year,

提多應該要覺得這一年糟透了，

a year of accusation and trial, but over.

歷經一年的指控和審判，但終於結束了，

He'd lost his job. He couldn't get it back.

She couldn't put up with his persistent anger.

她無法忍受他毫無止境的怒火，

against the police and others whom he felt

那些他認為需要為他的苦難負責的人。

And that's when I really started working on this case,

那是我開始接觸這件案子的時間點，

to "I'm absolutely positive that's the guy."

Well, Titus was consumed with his civil case.

He spent every waking moment thinking about it,

他每天一睜開眼就開始思考這件事，

and just days before he was to have his day in court,

and died of a stress-related heart attack.

因此，我被派來研究提多的案子，

I study memory. I've studied memory for decades.

this happened on the way over to Scotland --

──這事才發生在往蘇格蘭的途中──

and we ask each other, "What do you do? What do you do?"

我們會問彼此：「你做什麼工作？」

they usually want to tell me how they have trouble remembering names,

通常人們會想跟我說他們很難記住名字，

or they've got a relative who's got Alzheimer's

或是他們的親友患有阿茲海默症，

I study the opposite: when they remember,

我研究的是相反的事：是人記得了什麼，

when they remember things that didn't happen

Unhappily, Steve Titus is not the only person

不幸的是，史帝芬．提多不是唯一一位

to be convicted based on somebody's false memory.

受到某人錯誤記憶而被指控的人。

300 defendants who were convicted of crimes they didn't do.

They spent 10, 20, 30 years in prison for these crimes,

他們因為那些罪行，
在監獄裡耗了 10、20、30 年。

are due to faulty memory, faulty eyewitness memory.

都是由於錯誤的記憶、
錯誤的指證記憶而被誤判。

Like the jurors who convicted those innocent people

就像是陪審團宣告那些無辜的人有罪，

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【TED】伊莉莎白．羅芙托斯 (Elizabeth Loftus): 虛構的記憶 (How reliable is your memory? | Elizabeth Loftus)

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