Enough to spend $1.9 million on them?

夠花190萬買他們？

That's how much a Tibetan mastiff was sold for in 2014.

這就是2014年一隻藏獒的售價。

Dog breeding is a complicated and sometimes murky world, but for the people involved, it's a lifelong obsession.

養狗是一個複雜的，有時也是一個陰暗的世界，但對於參與其中的人來說，卻是一生的痴迷。

So why are pedigree dogs so expensive?

那麼，為什麼血統犬這麼貴呢？

And what is it that makes some cost so much more than others?

又是什麼原因讓有些人的成本比別人高那麼多呢？

This is Crufts.

這裡是Crufts

Every year, over 21,000 dogs from 43 countries compete, and it's here that you can see some of the world's most expensive dogs.

每年有來自43個國家的21000多隻狗參加比賽，在這裡，你可以看到世界上最昂貴的狗。

Akitas, chow chows, Löwchens, and Samoyeds.

秋田犬、小牛、羅威臣犬和薩摩耶犬。

I've had Samoyeds for over 30 years, and I couldn't have any other breed.

我養了30多年的薩摩耶犬，我不能養其他品種。

There is nothing quite like them.

沒有什麼比得上他們。

They are the most joyous dogs you would like to have, naughty, but very nice to have.

它們是你最想養的歡樂狗，雖然調皮，但非常好養。

They have some interesting habits and traits, such as barking and digging, but you can stop them doing it if you do it at an early age.

它們有一些有趣的習性和特徵，比如吠叫和挖洞，但如果你在幼年時就能阻止它們這樣做。

With all the coat that they've got, they do need an awful lot of grooming.

它們有這麼多的毛，確實需要大量的梳理。

We recommend 10 minutes a day keeps on top of the coat, but they do shed their coat once or twice a year.

我們建議每天10分鐘保持被毛，但它們每年都會脫一兩次毛。

NARRATOR: A pedigree is proof of a dog's lineage.

旁白：血統是狗的血統證明。

It's a family tree showing the parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents of each registered dog.

這是一本家譜，顯示了每隻註冊狗的父母、祖父母甚至曾祖父母。

Having healthy parents that've competed in shows or trials can drastically increase the price of the dog, and this lineage is taken very seriously.

擁有健康的父母，參加過表演賽或試驗賽，會大大增加狗狗的價格，這個血統是非常重視的。

Some owners even get their dogs DNA tested to guarantee they are purebred.

有些主人甚至會給狗狗做DNA檢測，以保證它們是純種犬。

Once you've paid the $10,000 for a pedigree purebred dog, they can be costly to look after.

一旦你花了一萬塊錢買了一隻血統純種犬，它們的照顧成本就會很高。

Vet bills for purebred dogs can be higher, and certain breeds have much higher chances of some conditions.

純種犬的獸醫費可能會比較高，某些品種的犬隻出現某些病症的機率也會高很多。

Samoyeds, for example, can have problems much higher chances of some conditions, and even hip dysplasia.

比如說薩摩耶斯，會出現問題的機率要高很多，甚至會出現髖關節發育不良的情況。

Breeders will also invest in pedigree pets for sponsorship deals and prize money at international shows, driving their demand and price up even further.

飼養者也會為了贊助交易和國際展會的獎金而投資於血統寵物，從而推動其需求和價格進一步上升。

Dogs with certain temperaments, builds, or features that are likely to do better at shows can cost far more, and if you have a male pedigree dog, there's real money to be made as champion dogs can have stud fees of over $1,000.

具有某些氣質、體型或特徵的狗，有可能在表演中表現得更好，其價格可能會高得多，如果你有一隻雄性血統的狗，那就真能賺到錢，因為冠軍狗的種馬費可以超過1000美元。

The heritage of each breed plays a huge part too.

每個品種的遺產也起了很大的作用。

A lot of people are interested in history of breeds, and it has a lot to do with the way that the breeds will actually behave.

很多人對犬種的歷史很感興趣，這和犬種的實際表現方式有很大關係。

If you have a dog that has always rounded up sheep, you tend to have a dog that will round up the family.

如果你有一隻總是圍著羊轉的狗，你往往會有一隻會圍著家人轉的狗。

So there are some instincts that we've bred into dogs over the generations, which tend to come out now.

所以有一些本能，是我們歷代養在狗身上的，現在往往會出現。

So if you have a dog that's always bred to be a companion, something like the Pekingese or some of the other toy breeds, then they will naturally make good companions because that's what they were bred for.

所以，如果你有一隻一直被培養成伴侶的狗，比如北京犬或者其他一些玩具犬種，那麼它們自然會成為很好的伴侶，因為這就是它們被培養的目的。

Breeding can also save vulnerable breeds of dog.

繁殖也可以拯救弱勢品種的狗。

The Löwchen, a tiny breed worth up to $10,000, has been around since about 1442, but by 1944, they were extremely rare.

洛神犬是一種價值高達1萬美元的小型犬種，大約從1442年開始就已經出現了，但到了1944年，它們已經極為罕見。

Breeder Madame Bennert brought them back from the brink of extinction, and in 1971, the Löwchen Club of America was formed.

飼養員Madame Bennert將它們從瀕臨滅絕的邊緣帶回來，1971年，美國Löwchen俱樂部成立。

There are understandably less of them around though, which means they can be more expensive than other breeds.

不過可以理解的是，它們的數量較少，這意味著它們可能比其他品種更貴。

But at the same time as saving some breeds, the owners market can put them in jeopardy.

但在拯救一些品種的同時，業主市場也會讓它們陷入困境。

It was reported in 2018 that thousands of Tibetan mastiffs were being abandoned in China.

2018年有報道稱，中國有數千只藏獒被遺棄。

Once the most sought-after dogs in the world, costing up to $1.9 million and prized for their rarity and status, there was a complete collapse in demand.

曾經是世界上最搶手的狗，價格高達190萬美元，因其稀有性和地位而受到珍視，但需求量卻全面崩潰。

The dogs were suddenly worthless, and many were even slaughtered for their meat or fur.

這些狗頓時一文不值，很多狗甚至被宰殺，以換取它們的肉或皮毛。

If a breed becomes very popular, then breeders can charge a lot more, and there are obviously a lot who care lots about their animals and they're breeding them to the best of their abilities.

如果一個品種變得非常流行，那麼飼養者可以收取更多的費用，顯然有很多人非常關心他們的動物，他們正在盡最大的努力飼養它們。

But if they're unable to get enough puppies out there for the demand, then that's where the unscrupulous breeders will come in.

但如果他們無法提供足夠的幼犬來滿足需求，那就會有無良的飼養者出現。

And unfortunately they can make an awful lot of money, possibly poor welfare, for the bitches and the puppies, and we see this, sadly, at the RSPCA.

不幸的是，他們可以賺很多錢，可能是可憐的福利，母狗和小狗，我們看到這一點，可悲的是，在RSPCA。

The inspectorate do come across puppy farms, and it's pretty horrific, but they can make an awful lot of money out of it.

檢查員確實遇到過小狗養殖場，這是非常可怕的，但他們可以從中賺到很多錢。

These sudden booms in popularity for certain species spike the price, and what's fashionable or photogenic plays a big part.

這些突然流行起來的某些品種的價格飆升，什麼是時尚或上鏡，起了很大的作用。

Instagram is flooded with Tibetan mastiffs, huskies, Shiba Inus, chow chows, and Akitas, often bred to accentuate their cute features.

Instagram上充斥著藏獒、哈士奇、柴犬、秋田犬，它們往往是為了凸顯自己的可愛特徵而被飼養的。

I think a lot of the flat-faced dogs, the ones with no nose, the brachycephalics, they are very cute, so they're seen on all the social media, and stars and all the rest of 'em got these dogs, and so people want to have them as well.

我覺得很多平臉的狗，沒有鼻子的狗，肱骨狗，它們非常可愛，所以在所有的社交媒體上都能看到它們的身影，明星和其他的人都有這些狗，所以人們也想養它們。

There's no doubt that we're seeing more and more of them.

毫無疑問，我們看到越來越多的。

But they have been bred to such an extreme that they have so many things that I could tell you about wrong with their airways, their tongues are too big, their soft palates are too big.

但它們已經被飼養到了一個極端，它們的氣管有很多毛病，我可以告訴你，它們的舌頭太大，軟顎太大。

It's the extremes of breeding that we can see some things that some of these animals will die.

這是極端的養殖，我們可以看到一些東西，有些動物會死。

Regardless of what you think of pedigree dogs, demand and price is growing with a 7% rise.

不管你對血統犬的看法如何，需求和價格都在增長，漲幅為7%。