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Every few months, this debate flares up.
這個話題每幾個月都會被拿出來辯論一次。
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It's about women who work, which is to say, most women.
關於職業婦女,也就是大多數女性。
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About how tough it can be succeed at work and still feel like a good mom.
關於要在工作上有所成就,同時又要像個好媽媽,是多麽困難。
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And we often ask, what can governments or corporations do to promote work-family balance?
我們常常會問,政府或企業能做些什麼以促進工作與家庭之前的平衡?
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But what if we started thinking smaller?
但如果我們從小處開始著手呢?
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What if one part of the solution was men doing more at home?
如果一部分的結論是,讓男性在家多點事做呢?
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Between 1950 and 2000, the share of women in the US workforce jumped from 34% to 60%.
在 1950 至 2000 年間,美國女性在職場上的比率從 34% 激增至 60%。
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But women were still expected to do most of the work when it came to raising kids and running a house.
但一提到養育子女和維持家計,女性依然被要求要做大部分的事。
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"The second shift of women working and taking care of the home was very stressful for the family."
「女性要工作並照顧家庭,這樣的第二輪班對家人而言很有壓力。」
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That stress is partially what led to the trope of the frazzled working mom.
這種壓力某方面塑造了職業婦女焦頭爛額的形象。
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"I don't know how she does it."
「我不知道她是怎麼辦到的!」
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People started to blame working women for the high divorce rates in the 1970s and 80s.
人們在七、八〇年代時開始責怪職業婦女為高離婚率的元兇。
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And now, with fewer people getting married and having kids, it's still popular to pit working women against family.
現在由於結婚生子的人越來越少,拿職業婦女和家庭較量的現象依舊很常見。
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"If you were a real feminist you would support housewives and see them as the heroes and women who work, wasting their time."
「如果你是真正的女性主義者,你就會支持家庭主婦、你就會視她們為英雄,並認為職業婦女根本在浪費時間。」
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"Do you all think working moms still get treated unfairly?"
「你們都認為職業婦女到現在還會遭到不平等的對待嗎?」
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But while the stress of the second shift may have contributed to divorce at first, things are changing.
但雖然起先是第二輪班帶來的壓力造成離婚,這個觀念正有所轉變。
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New research is showing that men and women who share responsibilities at home are happier than those in more traditional marriages.
一份新的研究指出男女若分攤家庭責任,會比傳統婚姻中的夫妻快樂許多。
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"Where men become more involved in the family, they're more attractive as a partner, they are less likely to divorce, they're more likely to have children."
當男性變得更積極參與家庭事務,他們對另一半而言更有魅力,離婚率也就降低,而生育率就會提高。
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Heterosexual couples in which men do more household chores are less likely to divorce.
異性戀伴侶中的男方若分擔更多家事,離婚的可能性就變低了。
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And the more time men spend with their children, the more satisfied both partners say they are with the relationship.
而男性若花越多時間在子女上,男女雙方對這段感情的滿意度也越高。
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Take couples who have kids, but aren't married.
以不婚生子的伴侶為例。
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In those relationships, men who were more involved with caring for the kids were more likely to make the transition to marriage, compared those who were less involved.
在這樣的關係中,男方若是越積極參與照顧子女,他們相較於那些不常照顧子女的人來說,越有可能轉變心意步入婚姻。
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So maybe someday that iconic "frazzled working mom" trope will go the way of the fifties housewife:
所以或許有一天,職業婦女「焦頭爛額」的形象會踏上五〇年代職業婦女的後塵:
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A symbol of a time when women and men, were trapped inside a narrow definition of what it meant to be a partner and a parent.
這個年代象徵著一個不論男女都受限於伴侶、為人父母的狹隘框架裡。