Name: Why This Island Might be in Canada or Might be in the US
Uploaded: 2018-11-23T15:11:15.000Z
Duration: 5 min 31 s

基礎被動語態

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通過Dashlane.com/hai免費保持安全在線。

They're the bread and butter of what we talk about on Half as Interesting when we're

它們是我們在 "半邊天 "節目中談論的麵包和黃油。

Well, that and strange borders so what if we took islands and border disputes and put

好吧，這和奇怪的邊界 所以，如果我們把島嶼和邊界爭端，並把它放在

Right, so this is Canada and this is the US and this is the longest international border

對，所以這是加拿大，這是美國，這是最長的國際邊界。

This line was drawn in a time when we didn't have crazy things like GPS and foresight so,

這條線是在我們還沒有GPS和遠見等瘋狂的東西的時候畫的，所以。

rather amazingly, the entire US-Canada border up to here was originally defined by the 516

令人驚訝的是，整個美加邊境到這裡是由516號公路劃定的

words in Article 2 of the 1783 treaty of Paris that just described it.

1783年《巴黎條約》第2條中剛剛描述的詞語。

As a point of comparison, it takes more words for this toaster's owners manual to describe

作為對比，這款麵包機的用戶手冊需要更多的文字來描述。

how to make toast than it does for this treaty to define the US-Canada Border.

如何做吐司比起這個條約對美加邊境的界定。

This whole bit of the border, for example, was originally defined by the words, “that

比如說，這整個的一點邊界，本來是由 "那 "字來定義的。

angle which is formed by a line drawn due north from the source of St. Croix River to

從聖克羅伊河源頭向北劃出的一條線所形成的角度。

Ok, so, first of all, what's the source of the St. Croix River, second of all, what

好吧，那麼，首先，什麼是聖克羅伊河的源頭， 其次，什麼是聖克羅伊河的源頭？

These 21 words are the entire definition, there are no maps or coordinates or anything,

這21個字就是整個定義，沒有地圖和座標什麼的。

so the Americans saw that this lake drains into a river that drains into what is very

所以美國人看到這個湖泊流向一條河流，而這條河流又流向一個非常重要的地方。

debatably the St. Croix River, it's really just the same bay as the St. Croix drains

拗口說是聖克羅伊河，其實只是和聖克羅伊河同屬一個海灣而已

in to, and they decided that was the source of the St. Croix.

到，他們認為那是聖克羅伊河的源頭。

Meanwhile, the British, who still controlled Canada at the time, saw that there were these

同時，當時還控制著加拿大的英國人，看到有這些。

other lakes that also drained into the St. Croix and decided that this was the source

並決定這也是聖克羅伊湖的源頭。

of the St. Croix even though they were way further downstream than other lakes that drained

聖克羅伊河的下游，儘管它們比其他排水的湖泊遠在下游。

Meanwhile, these “highlands” were supposed to be the split between where rivers drained

同時，這些 "高地 "應該是河道排水的分界點。

into the St. Lawrence River and the Atlantic Ocean but where that was was even more debatable.

進入聖勞倫斯河和大西洋，但在哪裡就更值得商榷了。

This mess all lead to Britain saying the border was this and the US saying the border was

這些亂七八糟的事情都導致英國說邊界是這個，美國說邊界是

Eventually the two countries fought a bit of a war and signed a treaty just settling

最後兩國打了一會仗，簽訂了一個條約，只是解決了

on this as the source of the St. Croix and this as the highland and that was settled.

在這個作為聖克羅伊島的源頭，這個作為高地，這就解決了。

Believe it or not this was one of only a few border disputes resulting from those 516 words

不管你信不信，這是由這516個字引起的僅有的幾次邊界糾紛之一。

and each and every land dispute was eventually settled except for one—right at the very

而每一個土地糾紛最終都得到了解決，除了一個權利在最。

You see, when defining who got which islands the treaty basically said any island within

你看，當定義誰得到了哪些島嶼時，條約基本上是說，任何島嶼內的。

20 leagues of the US, or 69 miles, that was not already part of Nova Scotia was American.

美國的20裡格，也就是69英里，本來就不是新斯科舍省的一部分，是美國的。

That would include this island—Machias Seal Island.

這其中就包括這個島--町海豹島。

The problem was, the original text defining which islands were part of Nova Scotia said

問題是，原來定義哪些島嶼是新斯科舍省的一部分的文本說：

they were, “islands, or seas lying near to, or within six leagues of any part… of

它們是 "島嶼或海洋，靠近或在6裡格以內的任何部分... ...

On a cosmic scale Australia is near Nova Scotia so is Australia part of Nova Scotia?

在宇宙範圍內，澳洲靠近新斯科舍省，那麼澳洲是新斯科舍省的一部分嗎？

Maybe but probably not but whether this island is part of Nova Scotia is more debatable.

也許是，但可能不是，但這個島是否是新斯科舍省的一部分就比較值得商榷了。

You see, according to Canada's definition, this is “near” enough to Nova Scotia but

你看，根據加拿大的定義，這裡 "靠近 "新斯科舍省，但是... ...

according to the US' definition it's not.

That's why Machias Seal Island is claimed by both countries.

所以馬基亞斯海豹島才會被兩國主張。

There's some more ocean border intricacies going into each country's arguments that

每個國家的爭論中都會多出一些海洋邊界的錯綜複雜的東西，那就是

I'll skip over for sanity's sake but at this point you might think that the US is

為了理智起見，我就不說了，但此時你可能會認為，美國是

in the right because it's Canada's maybe claim vs the US' definite claim but Canada

因為這是加拿大的也許主張與美國的明確主張，但加拿大的主張是正確的。

has another argument for why it's theirs—this lighthouse.

還有另一個理由來解釋為什麼它是他們的--這座燈塔。

Canada, which was then still part of the UK, built a lighthouse on Machias Seal Island

加拿大當時還是英國的一部分，在馬奇亞斯海豹島建了一座燈塔。

in 1832 and so the island has been inhabited fairly continuously by Canadian lighthouse

在1832年，加拿大的燈塔一直在該島居住。

Meanwhile, the US has never really had a population on the island and never said they had a problem

同時，美國從來沒有真正在島上擁有過人口，也從來沒有說過他們有什麼問題

with Canada building a lighthouse so Canada's basically saying, “you never said I couldn't

與加拿大建燈塔 所以加拿大基本上說，"你從來沒有說過，我不能

Believe it or not, that's a valid and accepted argument under international law in border

不管你信不信，這是國際法在邊境問題上的一個有效和公認的論點。

disputes but then according to the US, according to even more complicated international law

爭端，但根據美國的說法，根據更復雜的國際法

garbage, lighthouses are not manifestations of sovereignty since they are navigational

垃圾，燈塔不是主權的體現，因為它們是導航的

That leads to today where the island might be part of Canada and might be part of the

這就導致了今天該島可能是加拿大的一部分，也可能是美國的一部分。

Rather tellingly, the lighthouse has actually been automated meaning no lighthouse keepers

頗有意味的是，燈塔實際上已經實現了自動化，也就是說沒有燈塔管理員了

are needed but two still remain on the island.

Unlike most lighthouse keepers, who are paid by the Coast Guard, the Machias Seal Island

與大多數由海岸警衛隊支付工資的燈塔管理員不同，馬基亞斯海豹島的燈塔管理員是由海岸警衛隊支付工資的。

keepers are paid by Canada's Department of Global Affairs as their whole purpose is

監管員的工資由加拿大全球事務部支付，因為他們的全部目的是： 1.

to sit around on Machias Seal Island to claim sovereignty.

坐在馬基亞斯海豹島上宣稱主權。

Since water sovereignty is based on land sovereignty, the big consequence of this dispute is that

由於水主權是建立在土地主權的基礎上的，所以這種爭端的最大後果是：1.

nobody's really sure who owns the waters around Machias Seal Island.

沒有人真正確定誰是馬奇亞斯海豹島周圍水域的主人。

The area has tons of valuable lobster and the lack of regulations stemming from nobody

該地區有大量珍貴的龍蝦，缺乏法規源於沒有人。

being sure whose area this is has led to widespread overfishing and so Canadian lobstermen get

由於不確定這是誰的區域，導致了廣泛的過度捕撈，所以加拿大龍蝦人得到了

mad about the Americans taking their catch and vice versa.

對美國人搶走他們的漁獲物很生氣，反之亦然。

Despite the dispute, boats from both the US and Canada regularly visit the island with

儘管存在爭議，但來自美國和加拿大的船隻還是定期訪問該島，並在該島設立了一個 "新 "字。

no problems or border controls so it's almost effectively in two countries at once.

沒有問題，也沒有邊境管制，所以它幾乎是有效地在兩個國家一次。

For now, Ottawa and DC are little interested in souring their otherwise solid relationship

目前，渥太華和華盛頓特區對破壞他們原本穩固的關係興趣不大。

for a little, rocky island so both countries maintain that Machias Seal Island is theirs

所以兩國都認為馬基亞斯海豹島是他們的。

without doing anything to stop the other country from doing what they want with it and it remains

而沒有采取任何措施阻止對方國家為所欲為，而且它仍然是......。

as the only bit of land that might be part of Canada and might be part of the US.

作為唯一的一點土地，可能是加拿大的一部分，也可能是美國的一部分。

Just to review, if you're defining a border please make your definition a bit more complicated

只是回顧一下，如果你要定義邊界，請把你的定義弄得更復雜一些。

than this or you'll lose your island to Canada.

否則你就會把你的島輸給加拿大。

Similarly, when you're making a account please make sure your password is more complicated

同樣的，當你在做賬戶時，請確保你的密碼更復雜。

than this or you'll lose your account to hackers.

比這，否則你會失去你的帳戶黑客。

Of course, in addition, you should have different passwords for each of your different internet

當然，除此之外，你還應該為你的每一個不同的互聯網設置不同的密碼。

accounts so if one gets compromised others don't too but remembering complex passwords

帳戶，所以如果一個人被洩露，其他人也不會，但記住複雜的密碼。

for all your different accounts is tough… unless you have Dashlane.

為你所有不同的帳戶是艱難的... 除非你有Dashlane。

Dashlane generates super secure passwords for you, stores them in one super secure place,

Dashlane為您生成超級安全的密碼，並將其存儲在一個超級安全的地方。

and autofills them on your devices when you go to log in so you stay safe on the internet.

並在你去登錄的時候自動將它們填充到你的設備上，這樣你就能保證上網的安全。

The best thing is, that's free at https://dashlane.com/hai but, if you want to get all their premium

最好的事情是，這是免費的https://dashlane.com/hai，但是，如果你想得到他們所有的高級的

features like a VPN, syncing across devices, and dark web monitoring you can use the code

VPN、跨設備同步、暗網監控等功能，你可以使用代碼。

“HAI” to get 10% off upgrading to premium.

"HAI "升級為高級會員可享受9折優惠。