Two year ago, my life changed forever.

兩年前，我的生活徹底改變了。

My wife Kelsey and I

我和我妻子凱爾西

welcomed our daughter Lela into the world.

歡迎我們的女兒Lela來到這個世界。

Now, becoming a parent is an amazing experience.

現在，成為父母是一種奇妙的體驗。

Your whole world changes over night.

你的整個世界在一夜之間發生了變化。

And all of your priorities change immediately.

而你所有的優先級都會立即改變。

So fast that it makes it really difficult to process sometimes.

快得讓人有時真的難以處理。

Now, you also have to learn a tremendous amount about being a parent

現在，你也要學習大量的關於做父母的知識。

like, for example, how to dress your child.

比如，如何給孩子穿衣服。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

This was new to me.

這對我來說很新鮮。

This is an actual outfit, I thought this was a good idea.

這是一件實際的裝備，我覺得這是個好主意。

And even Lela knows that it's not a good idea. (Laughter)

連Lela都知道這不是一個好主意。(Laughter)

So there is so much to learn and so much craziness all at once.

所以要學的東西太多了，一下子就瘋狂了。

And to add to the craziness, Kelsey and I both work from home,

而為了增加瘋狂，凱爾西和我都在家工作。

we're entrepreneurs, we run our own businesses.

我們是企業家，我們經營自己的生意。

So, Kelsey develops courses online for yoga teachers.

所以，Kelsey為瑜伽老師開發了在線課程。

I'm an author.

我是一個作家。

And so, I'm working from home, Kelsey's working from home.

所以，我在家裡工作，凱爾西的工作在家裡。

We have an infant and we're trying to make sure

我們有一個嬰兒，我們正在努力確保。

that everything gets done that needs done.

該做的都做了，該做的都做了。

And life is really, really busy.

而生活真的很忙，真的很忙。

And a couple of weeks into this amazing experience,

而在這段神奇的經歷中，幾周後。

when the sleep deprivation really kicked in,

當睡眠不足真的踢。

like around week eight,

像第八週左右。

I had this thought, and it was the same thought

我有這樣的想法，也是這樣的想法

that parents across the ages, internationally,

認為，國際上各個年齡段的家長，。

everybody has had this thought, which is:

每個人都有這樣的想法，那就是：

I am never going to have free time ever again.

我再也不會有空閒時間了。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Somebody said it's true.

有人說這是真的。

It's not exactly true,

這不完全是真的。

but it feels really, really true in that moment.

但在那一刻，感覺真的，真的很真實。

And this was really disconcerning to me,

而這一點實在讓我感到不解。

because one of the things that I enjoy

因為我喜歡的事情之一

more than anything else is learning new things.

比什麼都重要的是學習新事物。

Getting curious about something and diving in

對某件事情感到好奇，並深入瞭解

and fiddling around and learning through trial and error.

並在試錯中摸索和學習。

And eventually becoming pretty good at something.

並最終成為相當不錯的東西。

And without this free time,

而沒有這個空閒時間。

I didn't know how I was ever going to do that ever again.

我不知道自己以後還怎麼做。

And so, I'm a big geek,

所以，我是個大宅男。

I want to keep learning things, I want to keep growing.

我想繼續學習東西，我想繼續成長。

And so what I've decided to do was,

所以我決定做的是。

go to the library, and go to the bookstore,

去圖書館，去書店。

and look at what research says about

看看研究是怎麼說的

how we learn and how we learn quickly.

我們如何學習，如何快速學習。

And I read a bunch of books, I read a bunch of websites.

而且我看了一堆書，看了一堆網站。

And tried to answer this question,

並試圖回答這個問題。

how long does it take to acquire a new skill?

掌握一個新技能需要多長時間？

You know what I found?

你知道我發現了什麼嗎？

10,000 hours!

一萬小時！

Anybody ever heard this?

有人聽過這個嗎？

It takes 10,000 hours. If you want to learn something new,

需要10000個小時。如果你想學習新的東西。

if you want to be good at it,

如果你想成為優秀的。

it's going to take 10,000 hours to get there.

這將需要10,000小時才能到達那裡。

And I read this in book after book, in website after website.

而我在一本又一本的書中，在一個又一個的網站中讀到了這一點。

And my mental experience of reading all of this stuff was like:

而我看完這些東西的心理體驗是這樣的。

No!!

不！！！

I don't have time! I don't have 10,000 hours.

我沒有時間！我沒有一萬個小時的時間。

I am never going to be able to learn anything new.

我是永遠也學不到新東西的。

Ever again. (Laughter)

再也不會了(笑聲)

But that's not true.

但這不是真的。

So, 10,000 hours, just to give you a rough order of magnitude,

所以，一萬小時，只是給你一個大概的數量級。

10,000 hours is a full-time job for five years.

1萬小時是全職工作5年。

That's a long time.

這是一個很長的時間。

And we've all had the experience of learning something new,

而我們都有過學習新東西的經歷。

and it didn't take us anywhere close to that amount of time, right?

它沒有采取我們任何地方接近 該量的時間，對不對？

So, what's up? There's something kinda funky going on here.

那麼，怎麼了？這裡有些事情有點古怪

What the research says and what we expect, and have experiences,

研究說什麼，我們期待什麼，有什麼經驗。

they don't match up.

他們不匹配。

And what I found, here's the wrinkle:

而我發現，這裡的皺紋。

The 10,000 hour rule came out of studies of expert-level performance.

一萬小時規則是在研究專家級業績的基礎上產生的。

There's a professor at Florida State University,

佛羅里達州立大學有個教授

his name is K. Anders Ericsson.

他的名字是K. Anders Ericsson.

He is the originator of the 10,00 hour rule.

他是10,00小時規則的始作俑者。

And where that came from is, he studied professional athletes,

而這一切的來歷是，他研究職業運動員。

world class musicians, chess grand masters.

世界級的音樂家，象棋大師。

All of this ultra competitive folks in ultra-high performing fields.

所有這些超高性能領域的競爭者。

And he tried to figure out how long does it take

他想弄清楚需要多長時間

to get to the top of those kinds of fields.

以達到這類領域的頂端。

And what he found is, the more deliberate practice,

而他發現的是，越是刻意練習。

the more time that those individuals spend

這些人花的時間越多

practicing the elements of whatever it is that they do,

練習他們所做的任何事情的要素。

the more time you spend, the better you get.

花的時間越多，就越好。

And the folks at the tippy top of their fields

而那些在各自領域的頂端的人們

put in around 10,000 hours of practice.

投入約1萬小時的練習。

Now, we were talking about the game of telephone a little bit earlier.

現在，我們剛才說的是電話遊戲。

Here's what happened:

事情是這樣的

an author by the name of Malcolm Gladwell

格拉德威爾作家

wrote a book in 2007 called "Outliers: The Story of Success",

2007年寫了一本書，叫《離群者。成功的故事"。

and the central piece of that book was the 10,000 hour rule.

而這本書的核心內容就是一萬小時規則。

Practice a lot, practice well, and you will do extremely well,

多多練習，好好練習，你會做得非常好。

you will reach the top of your field.

你將達到你的領域的頂端。

So, the message,

所以，這個消息。

what Dr. Ericsson was actually saying is,

愛立信博士實際上說的是：

it takes 10,000 hours to get at the top of an ultra competitive field

一萬小時才能在競爭激烈的領域中脫穎而出。

in a very narrow subject, that's what that means.

在一個非常狹窄的主題中，就是這個意思。

But here's what happened: ever since Outliers came out,

但事情是這樣的：自從《離群》出來後。

immediately came out, reached the top of best seller lists,

馬上就出來了，登上了暢銷榜的榜首。

stayed there for three solid months.

在那裡呆了整整三個月。

All of a sudden the 10,000 hour rule was everywhere.

突然間，到處都是一萬小時的規定。

And a society-wide game of telephone started to be played.

於是一場全社會的電話遊戲開始了。

So this message, it takes 10,000 hours to reach the top of an ultra competitive field,

所以這條資訊，需要一萬個小時才能達到超強競爭領域的頂端。

became, it takes 10,000 hours to become an expert at something,

成了，要想成為某方面的專家，需要一萬個小時。

which became,

其中成為：

it takes 10,000 hours to become good at something,

要想成為優秀的人，需要一萬個小時。

which became,

其中成為：

it takes 10,000 hours to learn something.

學東西要花一萬個小時。

But that last statement, it takes 10,000 hours to learn something,

但最後一句話，學東西需要一萬個小時。

is not true. It's not true.

是不真實的。這不是真的。

So, what the research actually says --

所以，研究實際上說--

I spent a lot of time here at the CSU library

我在中科大圖書館待了很久。

in the cognitive psychology stacks 'cause I'm a geek.

在認知心理學堆棧，因為我是一個怪胎。

And when you actually look at the studies of skill acquisition,

而當你真正看到技能學習的研究時。

you see over and over a graph like this.

你看一遍又一遍這樣的圖。

Now, researchers, whether they're studying a motor skill,

現在，研究人員，無論是研究運動技能。

something you do physically or a mental skill,

一些你身體上做的事情或一種心理技能。

they like to study things that they can time.

他們喜歡研究的東西，他們可以時間。

'Cause you can quantify that, right?

因為你可以量化，對吧？

So, they'll give research participants a little task,

所以，他們會給研究參與者一個小任務。

something that requires physical arrangement,

需要物理安排的東西。

or something that requires learning a little mental trick,

或需要學習一點心理技巧的東西。

and they'll time how long a participant takes to complete the skill.

他們會對參與者完成技能所需的時間進行計時。

And here's what this graph says, when you start --

這張圖是這麼說的，當你開始 --

so when researchers gave participants a task, it took them a really long time,

所以當研究人員給參與者一個任務時，他們花了很長的時間。

'cause it was new and they were horrible.

因為它是新的，他們是可怕的。

With a little bit of practice, they get better and better and better.

隨著一點點的練習，他們會越來越好，越來越好。

And that early part of practice is really, really efficient.

而早期的那段練習，真的是非常非常有效率。

People get good at things with just a little bit of practice.

人只要稍加練習就會變得很好。

Now, what's interesting to note is that,

現在，值得注意的是：

for skills that we want to learn for ourselves,

對於我們自己想要學習的技能。

we don't care so much about time, right?

我們不關心那麼多的時間，對不對？

We just care about how good we are, whatever good happens to mean.

我們只關心自己有多好，不管好的是什麼意思。

So if we relabel performance time to how good you are,

所以，如果我們把表現時間重新標示為你有多優秀。

the graph flips, and you get his famous and widely known,

圖翻轉，你會得到他的著名和廣為人知。

this is the learning curve.

這就是學習曲線。

And the story of the learning curve is when you start,

而學習曲線的故事就是當你開始。

you're grossly incompetent and you know it, right?

你是嚴重無能的，你知道的，對不對？

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

With a little bit of practice, you get really good, really quick.

只要稍加練習，你就會變得非常好，非常快。

So that early level of improvement is really fast.

所以，這種早期水準的提高真的很快。

And then at a certain point you reach a plateau,

然後到了一定的時候，你會達到一個平臺。

and the subsequent games become much harder to get,

和後續的遊戲變得更難獲得。

they take more time to get.

他們需要更多的時間來獲得。

Now, my question is, I want that, right?

現在，我的問題是，我想要這個，對嗎？

How long does it take from starting something

從開始做一件事需要多長時間

and being grossly incompetent and knowing it

明知故犯，無能無力

to being reasonably good?

到是合理的好？

In hopefully, as short a period of time as possible.

希望在儘可能短的時間內。

So, how long does that take?

那麼，這需要多長時間呢？

Here's what my research says: 20 hours.

我的研究是這樣說的：20小時。

That's it. You can go from knowing nothing

就是這樣。你可以從一無所知

about any skill that you can think of.

關於任何你能想到的技能。

Want to learn a language? Want to learn how to draw?

想學一門語言嗎？想學畫畫嗎？

Want to learn how to juggle flaming chainsaws?

想學習火焰電鋸的耍法嗎？

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

If you put 20 hours of focused deliberate practice into that thing,

如果你把20個小時的專注刻意練習放到那件事上。

you will be astounded.

你會大吃一驚。

Astounded at how good you are.

驚訝於你的優秀。

20 hours is doable,

20小時是可以做到的。

that's about 45 minutes a day for about a month.

那就是每天45分鐘，大約一個月。

Even skipping a couple days, here and there.

甚至跳過幾天，這裡和那裡。

20 hours isn't that hard to accumulate.

20個小時的積累並不難。

Now, there's a method to doing this.

現在，有一個方法可以做到這一點。

Because it's not like you can just start fiddling around for about 20 hours

因為這不是你可以隨便開始擺弄20個小時就可以的

and expect these massive improvements.

並期待這些巨大的改進。

There's a way to practice intelligently.

有一種方法可以聰明地練習。

There's a way to practice efficiently,

有一種方法可以有效地練習。

that will make sure that you invest those 20 hours

這將確保你投資的20小時。

in the most effective way that you possibly can.

以最有效的方式，你可能會。

And here's the method, it applies to anything:

而這是方法，它適用於任何事物。

The first is to deconstruct the skill.

首先是解構技能。

Decide exactly what you want to be able to do when you're done,

準確地決定你做完後要能做什麼。

and then look into the skill and break it down into smaller pieces.

然後再研究一下這個技能，把它分解成小塊。

Most of the things that we think of as skills

我們所認為的大多數事情都是技能。

are actually big bundles of skills that require all sorts of different things.

其實都是大捆大綁的技能，需要各種不同的東西。

The more you can break apart the skill,

越是能拆分技能。

the more you're able to decide,

你就越能決定。

what are the parts of this skill that would actually help me

這個技能有哪些地方可以真正幫助到我

get to what I want?

得到我想要的東西？

And then you can practice those first.

然後你可以先練習這些。

And if you practice the most important things first,

而如果你先練好最重要的東西。

you'll be able to improve your performance

你將能夠提高你的表現

in the least amount of time possible.

在儘可能短的時間內。

The second is, learn enough to self correct.

二是，要學會足夠的自我修正。

So, get three to five resources about what it is you're trying to learn.

所以，關於你要學的東西，要找三到五個資源。

Could be book, could be DVDs, could be courses, could be anything.

可以是書，可以是DVD，可以是課程，可以是任何東西。

But don't use those as a way to procrastinate on practice.

但不要把這些當做拖延練習的方法。

I know I do this, right?

我知道是我做的，對吧？

Get like 20 books about the topic, like,

得到像20本關於這個主題的書，像。

"I'm going to start learning how to program a computer

"我要開始學習電腦編程了

when I complete these 20 books".

當我完成這20本書"。

No. That's procrastination.

不，那是拖延症。

What you want to do is learn just enough

你要做的是學習足夠的

that you can actually practice

你可以真正練習

and self correct or self edit as you practice.

並在實踐中自我修正或自我編輯。

So the learning becomes a way of getting better

所以，學習成為一種進步的方式

at noticing when you're making a mistake

識時務者為俊傑

and then doing something a little different.

然後做一些不同的事情。

The third is to remove barriers to practice.

三是消除執業障礙。

Distractions, television, internet.

分心，電視，網絡。

All of these things that get in the way

所有這些東西都會妨礙到我們的生活

of you actually sitting down and doing the work.

的你真正坐下來做工作。

And the more you're able to use just a little bit of willpower

而你越是能用一點點的意志力。

to remove the distractions that are keeping you from practicing,

以消除阻礙你練習的雜念。

the more likely you are to actually sit down and practice, right?

你就越有可能真正坐下來練習，對嗎？

And the fourth is to practice for at least 20 hours.

四是至少要練習20小時。

Now, most skills have what I call a frustration barrier.

現在，大多數技能都有我所說的挫折障礙。

You know, the grossly-incompetent- and-knowing-it part?

你知道，嚴重的無能和知道的部分？

That's really, really frustrating. We don't like to feel stupid.

這是真的，真的很令人沮喪。我們不喜歡感覺愚蠢。

And feeling stupid is a barrier to us actually sitting down and doing the work.

而感覺自己很笨，是我們真正坐下來做工作的障礙。

So, by pre-committing to practicing whatever it is that you want to do

所以，通過預先承諾，無論你想做什麼，都要去實踐。

for at least 20 hours,

至少20小時。

you will be able to overcome that initial frustration barrier

你將能夠克服最初的挫折障礙。

and stick with the practice long enough to actually reap the rewards.

並長期堅持練習，真正收穫。

That's it! It's not rocket science.

就是這樣！這不是火箭科學。

Four very simple steps that you can use to learn anything.

四個非常簡單的步驟，你可以用來學習任何東西。

Now, this is easy to talk about in theory,

現在，這在理論上是很容易談的。

but it's more fun to talk about in practice.

但在實踐中談論更有趣。

So one of the things that I've wanted to learn how to do for a long time

所以，我一直想學習如何做的事情之一，很長一段時間

is play the ukulele.

是彈四絃琴。

Has anybody seen Jake Shimabukuro's TEDTalk

有人看過Jake Shimabukuro的TEDTalk嗎？

where he plays the ukulele and makes it sound like --

在那裡，他扮演的四絃琴 並使它聽起來像 -

he's like a ukulele god.

他就像一個四絃琴之神。

It's amazing.

太神奇了

I saw it, I was like, "That is so cool!"

我看到它，我當時想，"太酷了！"