Name: 英語中的性別歧視有哪些？ (Sexism and the English language | The Economist)
Uploaded: 2018-11-02T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 3 min 12 s

程度副詞

No, I don't mean just the gender pay gap,

I'm also talking about the different words we use

也有我們形容有同樣特質的男性和女性時

to describe men and women with the same characteristics.

she's often described as bubbly or vivacious.

You wouldn't describe him as an airhead, he's just simple.

我們不太會用說他愚笨，只是單純而已

If you don't believe me, after this film,

可以試試看在Google圖片搜尋「八卦」

不像法語、德語、西班牙語、波蘭語、

English doesn't have gender inherent in most of its words.

But some of those words become gendered anyway when choose

但當我們選擇不同的字形容男性和女性時

different words to describe men and women.

Feisty (易怒敏感的) 是經典的例子

It's rare to hear a man described as feisty.

Sure, you could hear about a feisty boxer

當然你可能聽過別人說拳擊手脾氣不好

but it's a lot more likely to describe a flyweight

不過通常這會用來形容輕量級拳擊手

as applying a kind of figurative or literal smallness

in them and hence a note of condescension.

Academics from the University of Illinois

and the University of California analyzed over 100,000 works

of fiction written between 1800 and 2010.

They identified words connecting to male or female

characters and the actions they performed.

The study showed that the word house used to be a strongly

House was associated with the landed gentry

這個字稍微變成跟女性有關的字，

The writer Ben Blatt found that the verbs

作家班布萊特認為在古典小說裡

most associated with the pronoun she in classic fiction are:

shivered, wept, murmured, screamed, and married.

顫抖、啜泣、低語、尖叫、結婚

The most commonly associated with he are:

跟男性他最普遍相關的動詞有：

muttered, grinned, shouted, chuckled, and killed.

嘀咕、開口笑、大喊、咯咯笑、殺害

An algorithm used by those academics who studied house

一些研究機構的學者嘗試用演算法

tries to determine a character's gender based only

只以描寫角色和對話所用的語言為基礎，

on the language used in descriptions and dialogue.

These predictions were right 75% of the time

有鑑於 1800 年代的書籍，那些預測有百分之七十五的準確率

for books written around 1800 but that falls to just about

65% of the time in books written around 2000.

In other words, the vocabulary used to describe

So the gender stereotypes like feisty are less common

所以像是「脾氣差的」性別刻板印象

Nearly all words have different shades of meaning.

While the speaker intends the positive one,

但聽者通常會曲解為有負面意義

And that's a good reason to avoid compliments that convey

Scouring your mind for a vocative language isn't easy

but working hard to be original and to avoid giving

unwanted offense can only be a good thing.

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英語中的性別歧視有哪些？ (Sexism and the English language | The Economist)

articulate

slightly

term

determine