Everyone, I'd like you to meet my friend Graham.

大家，我要跟你們介紹我的朋友，Graham。

Now, don't be alarmed.

現在，別太驚慌。

He isn't sick or injured or anything.

他不是生病或受傷之類的。

Actually quite the opposite.

其實正好相反。

He was designed by Melbourne, Australia's Transport Accident Commission when they decided

他是由位於墨爾本的澳洲交通事故委員會設計的，當時他們決定了解

to find out what humans would look like if they evolved to survive car crashes.

如果人類進化到可以從車禍中倖存下來的話，會長甚麼樣子。

You humans are actually really bad at driving safely.

你們人類真的非常不懂行車安全的重要性。

People text, drive drunk, speed, and don't wear seat belts.

人們會邊開邊傳訊息、酒駕、超速還有不繫安全帶。

Compared to other similar, high income countries, the U.S. has the most deadly car crashes each

跟其他相似的高收入國家相比，美國每年車禍致死事故數量是最高的

year, with 40,000 fatal accidents just in 2017.

在西元 2017 年就有 40,000 件致死事故。

When your vehicle is slammed into something else, whether it's another car, a tree,

當你的車子猛然撞上某個東西，不論是另一台車、一棵樹

or a barrier, a lot of things can happen to your body.

或是柵欄，你的身體會發生很多事。

Thankfully, cars are built to absorb a good amount of the force from the collision in

謝天謝地，車輛的製造就是為了在潰縮區吸收大量的碰撞造成的作用力

areas called crumple zones, but they're clearly not perfect.

但它們顯然還不完美。

The energy of an accident still shakes the people inside, often severely injuring the occupants.

事故引發的能量還是會震動裡面的人，經常造成乘客嚴重損傷。

Where the car comes in contact with another object dictates where the brunt of the force

車輛跟另一個物體的接觸位置影響主要的衝擊力會傳遞到哪裡

will be delivered and how the occupants of the car will be thrown about.

還有車內的乘客會被甩向何處。

So, when a car crashes into something head first, people often slam into the steering

所以，一部車當頭撞向某個物體時，人通常會撞上方向盤

wheel or front panel and experience chest and lower limb injuries like broken ribs or crushed legs.

或是前面板上，然後前胸跟下肢會受傷，像是肋骨斷裂或腿部骨折。

Whereas, getting hit from the side will launch you away from the impact and common injuries

然而從旁邊被撞時，會使你被撞離衝擊來源，受傷部位通常包括

include head, chest and lower extremity problems.

頭部、胸腔以及下肢問題。

Rear-end crashes jolt you forward and are notorious for neck and back injuries like whiplash.

後端碰撞使你向前猛擊，最常聽到的損傷是在頸部與背部，像條鞭子往前甩一樣。

And finally, roll over accidents result in people being jostled about like they're being shaken in a snow globe.

最後，翻車事故導致人們如同在雪球裡面被搖晃般推擠、碰撞。

These crashes are typically accompanied with head and chest injuries.

這種碰撞通常伴隨著頭部與胸腔損傷。

Obviously, things like where you're sitting, how fast the car was moving, and if you were

很明顯地，你坐在哪裡、車速有多快，還有你是否繫上安全帶

wearing a seatbelt all play a big part in whether you survive or not.

這幾點與你是否能夠存活下來至關重要。

And the severity of these injuries is heavily dependent on seatbelt use.

而且這些損傷的嚴重程度取決於安全帶的使用。

When I get into a car, one of the first things I do is buckle my seat belt, just like 90% of Americans.

當我坐進車哩，我先做的事情是繫上我的安全帶，就像 9 成的美國人一樣。

But for those 10% that think they're too cool for seat belts, they're twice as likely to die in a car crash.

但剩下的 1 成覺得他們超酷不應該繫安全帶，他們在車輛碰撞中死亡的機率 2 倍。

And wearing your seatbelt incorrectly can also cause huge problems.

而以錯誤的方式繫安全帶也會造成嚴重的問題。

If it's too high and rests around your stomach, the belt could rip apart your inner organs in an accident!

如果太高並且擱在你的腹部上，在事故中安全帶會撕扯你內部的器官。

It's also known that, during a traumatic event like a car crash, your brain can go

還有眾所周知的是，在車禍這類的創傷事件中，你的大腦

into fight or flight mode and focus on how to survive, versus storing memories.

會進入戰鬥或逃跑模式，並且專注於如何生存而非儲存記憶。

This leads to people not remembering horrific car accidents and what happened after.

這導致人們不記得可怕的車禍以及之後發生的事。

People can also suffer from PTSD and flashbacks of a crash for years after it occured.

人們也會罹患創傷後壓力症候群 (Post-traumatic stress disorder，PTSD)，以及在車禍發生數年後再次回想起來。

But the good news is that you can very easily reduce your likelihood of being in an accident

但好消息是，你可以很容易地減少事故發生的可能性

and your chance of sustaining serious injuries.

還有承受嚴重傷害的可能性。

Wear your seat belt.

繫上你的安全帶。

Follow the speed limit.

遵循速限。

And for Pete's sake, keep your eyes on the road.

還有看在老天的份上，把你的視線放在道路上。

Seriously, I don't want Pete getting injured.

說真的，我不想要 Pete 受傷。

What else do you want to know about the human body?

你還想要了解哪些跟人體有關的事？

Let us know in the comment section below, or tell us, what should we talk about next?

在下方留言區留言給我們，或是告訴我們下次該討論甚麼內容？

Curious to know how self driving cars actually work?

對自動駕駛的汽車如何運作感到好奇嗎？

Check out this video!

看看這部影片！

So it's possible that well made self driving cars could drastically decrease that number,

所以精心製作的自動駕駛汽車可能可以大幅降低那個數字

but also these cars could make driving possible again for people who couldn't drive otherwise,

同時這些汽車也能讓那些不能開車的人有再次駕駛的可能

like the visually impaired, or elderly.

像視力障礙或是老年人。

As always, my name is Blocko, this has been life noggin, don't forget to keep on thinking.

老樣子，我叫 Blocko，這是 life noggin，別忘了繼續思考。