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  • You've probably seen this video.

    你應該看過這個影片

  • That's a plastic straw being pulled out of

    這是一根塑膠吸管從

  • a sea turtle's nose.

    海龜的鼻腔裡拔出來

  • The video went viral in 2015 sparking a public outcry

    這個影片在 2015 年爆紅,促使大眾開始

  • to "say no to plastic straws."

    對塑膠吸管說不

  • And over the years the campaign has gained traction.

    這些年來,這項運動越來越有說服力

  • Starbucks says by 2020 it will eliminate plastic straws,

    星巴克說他們會在 2020 年禁用塑膠吸管

  • pivoting to biodegradable straws and a newly designed lid.

    轉而使用能被分解的吸管和最新設計的杯蓋

  • McDonald's UK, American Airlines, and Marriott Hotels

    英國的麥當勞、美國航空和萬豪酒店

  • have all announced similar changes.

    也都宣布了類似的異動

  • So why do plastic straws suck?

    塑膠吸管到底為什麼這麼糟呢?

  • Starbucks says, "One of the major issues

    星巴克說:「最大的問題是

  • with plastic straws is that they are too small

    塑膠吸管體積太小、

  • and lightweight to be captured in modern recycling equipment."

    又太輕,容易被現代的回收機器忽略。」

  • We reached out to various recycling plants across North America to see if that was true.

    我們參訪的許多北美的回收工廠,看看到底是不是真的

  • While some facilities told us they do recycle straws,

    雖然有些工廠跟我們說他們的確有在回收吸管,

  • two of the largest recycling facilities in the US

    美國最大的兩家回收公司說

  • said its machines don't always catch straws.

    他們的機器常抓不到吸管

  • So they end up in the trash and eventually in landfills.

    所以吸管到最後都變成垃圾進了掩埋場

  • So frustrating.

    真的很令人沮喪

  • I know.

    我知道

  • Another place straws tend to end up?

    那另一個吸管的去向是?

  • Beaches.

    海邊

  • Dr. George Leonard is the Chief Scientist for Ocean Conservancy.

    Dr. George Leonard 是海洋環保組織的領導科學家

  • Dr. Leonard: The data from our 2017 international

    Dr. Leonard:「由 2017 年國際淨灘的資料顯示

  • coastal cleanup and there were 643,000 plastic straws

    有 643,000 支塑膠吸管

  • that were picked up around beaches and waterways all over the world.

    從世界各地的海邊及運河被撿起來。」

  • To limit the use of straws

    要限制吸管的使用量

  • Starbucks introduced a new lid that resembles a sippy cup.

    星巴克推出了一種類似喝水杯的新蓋子

  • These new lids are made from polypropylene

    這種新蓋子是聚丙烯製成的

  • which according to Starbucks can be widely recycled.

    根據星巴克的說法是可以被廣泛回收的

  • But there's one major problem.

    但還有一個問題

  • Rachel Sarnoff: You know the objective really was to phase out straws

    Rachel Sarnoff 說最終目的是要逐漸地停止使用吸管

  • because they're not recyclable.

    因為他們不能被回收

  • The shift to this lid really increases the amount

    換成這種蓋子其實會增加

  • of plastic that Starbucks is using per cup.

    星巴克每個杯子的塑膠使用量

  • I think it could be a part of a solution

    我想這可以是解決問題的一小部分

  • but I don't think it's the whole picture.

    但我不覺得是最終的解決方案

  • Some critics have pointed out that straws only make up a fraction of our plastic waste.

    有些批評的人指出吸管只佔了一小部分的塑膠垃圾

  • So why is everyone so worked up about them?

    為什麼大家要為了這件事如此費心呢?

  • Dr. Leonard: I think straws are a bit of a poster child

    Dr. Leonard 說:「我想塑膠吸管只是一個典型的代表,

  • here for the bigger question of society's kind of

    他代表了社會上更大的問題

  • over-reliance on single-use plastics and the fact

    像是我們對於免洗塑膠的依賴

  • that a lot of the stuff is ending up in our marine environment.

    還有很多垃圾最後都到了我們的海洋中的這個事實

  • All plastics ultimately sort of break down

    所有的塑膠最終會碎成

  • and fracture into smaller and smaller bits of plastic

    越來越小的塑膠碎片

  • as a result of being tossed around by the waves

    然後會被海浪不停地翻攪

  • and then by the fact that sunlight basically

    然後陽光的照射會讓

  • makes the plastic brittle.

    塑膠變得容易脆化

  • And so they create what we call microplastics.

    然後變成所謂的塑膠微粒

  • We're finding these flecks of plastic in everything from the forage fish

    我們在每個東西裡都有找到這個塑膠碎片,像是浮游魚類

  • that are at the base of the food web

    他們是食物網裡的最底層

  • up through the kinds of fish that we end up putting on our dinner plate.

    在食物網的頂端則是會出現在我們的盤子裡的魚

  • If we get the kind of global plastic users

    如果我們能讓全球使用塑膠的人

  • and the major brands like Starbucks

    還有大品牌像是星巴克

  • and some of these other companies like Coca-Cola

    還有像是可口可樂

  • that everybody knows about to really take ownership of

    這樣大家都知道的公司當作先驅

  • their contribution to this problem

    對這個問題來貢獻

  • and alter their business practices

    還有改變他們的經營計畫

  • you know they can be real leaders here

    這樣的話,他們可以成為真正的領導者

  • and they can bring the rest of the plastic supply chain along with them.

    進而帶動其他塑膠供應商的迴響。」

  • So how do we start?

    那我們應該從哪裡著手呢?

  • Sarnoff: We need to be more thoughtful about how we use plastic.

    Sarnoff :「我們應該對於如何使用塑膠這件事上更謹慎小心。」

  • Dr. Leonard: We do know that there's about eight million metric tons of plastic overall

    Dr. Leonard :「我們知道每年大約有八百萬頓的塑膠

  • that ends up in the world's oceans every year

    進到全球的海洋當中

  • and that's kind of thought to be one garbage truck worth per mile of beach per day.

    這個概念大概是每隔一英里的海灘,每天都有一卡車的垃圾量

  • About half of that plastic comes from

    大約有一半的塑膠是從

  • countries in Southeast Asia that don't have formal

    東南亞的國家來的,因為他們還沒有正式的

  • waste management systems.

    垃圾處理系統

  • Dr. Leonard: Much of their local waste

    Dr. Leonard:「他們當地的垃圾很多都是

  • is disposed in sort of informal ways

    用非官方的方式分解的

  • whether it's behind the house or at a community dump

    不論是在自家後面還是社區的垃圾場

  • which is essentially sort of an open pit

    基本上都是一個坑

  • or in some cases directly dumped into the ocean itself.

    或是直接倒在大海裡面

  • In countries like the US

    像是美國

  • plastic can also be swept down drains,

    塑膠也會被掃到下水道

  • into rivers leading to the sea.

    進入河流再到大海中

  • It can be flushed down the toilet

    也可能會被沖入馬桶

  • or left behind by beachgoers.

    或是被人丟在海邊

  • So what should we be doing differently?

    那我們應該做出什麼樣的改變呢?

  • For starters pay closer attention to your personal habits.

    對於剛接觸的人來說,可以先從注意個人習慣開始

  • Sarnoff: Get into the habit of bringing our own cup,

    Sarnoff:「開始養成帶自己的環保杯、

  • fork, bag, straw.

    叉子、袋子、吸管的習慣。

  • That's what I have in my bag at all times.

    這些都是我隨身攜帶的東西。」

  • Stop flushing things other than human waste and toilet paper down the toilet.

    除了排泄物和可溶解的衛生紙以外,不要把其他的東西沖入馬桶

  • And remember, anything that goes down the toilet, drain,

    記住,所以進入馬桶、排水溝

  • or into sewers goes to the ocean.

    或是下水道的東西都會進入大海中

  • All drains lead to the ocean, kid.

    孩子們,所有的排水溝都通到海洋!

You've probably seen this video.

你應該看過這個影片

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