Click on the link in the description to get two months of unlimited access to over 20,000 classes for free.

點一下影片中的連結可以在兩個月內免費無限瀏覽至少 20,000 種課程

Shades of blue, green, brown, hazel, the world is filled with a vast array of eye colors.

藍色、綠色、棕色以及淡褐色，世界上充滿不同眼睛顏色的人

And since these colors are determined by chemical and structural differences in the eye,

而因為這些顏色決定於眼睛的化學及構造上的不同

it might seem logical that different eye colors see the world in different ways.

不同顏色眼睛將會以不同的方式看世界似乎合乎邏輯

But scientists haven't really found evidence for that.

但科學家還未真的找到證據來證明這個觀點

Other than health risks associated with certain colors, an eye is an eye.

除了某些眼睛顏色涉及健康風險外，眼睛就只是眼睛

Eye color mostly comes down to how much pigmentation you have in your iris.

眼睛的顏色主要取決於你的虹膜內有多少色素

Your iris is that colored area surrounding your pupil

虹膜即是圍繞在你瞳孔周圍的有色區域

the black hole in the center of your eye that lets light in.

瞳孔則是在你眼球中間的黑洞，讓光進入的地方

People with brown eyes have dark irises because their DNA codes for genes that lead to the production of more melanin,

有棕色眼睛的人有較深色的虹膜，因為他們的 DNA 有產生較多 melanin 的基因片段

a brownish-black pigment that absorbs light.

而 melanin 為一種吸收光線的棕黑色素

While people with lighter eyes produce less melanin, so more light gets into their eyes

然而對於有較淺色眼睛的人產生較少的棕黑色素，所有會有較多光能進入眼睛

hence why they're more sensitive to things like fluorescent lighting or the sun.

因此他們的眼睛對螢光色或陽光會比較敏感

But melanin isn't the whole story

但並非全部皆歸咎於棕黑色素

shades of blue and gray are based on the quantity and arrangement of structural fibers like collagen,

藍色和灰色的眼睛是基於膠原蛋白等結構纖維的數量和排列不同所造成的

which scatter light in slightly different ways.

所以其散射光線的方式有些許不同

But even then, what you ultimately end up with is different amounts of light entering different colored eyes.

但即使如此，最終造成的差異僅是進入不同顏色眼睛的有不同的光量

So you might think those eye colors see things differently

所以你會認為不同眼睛顏色看東西會有差異

like, one might have better vision.

像是，有些顏色會傾向有較好的視力

But the long and short of it is: not really?

但不同顏色眼睛其各自的優缺點不是真的嗎 ?

Studies have generally failed to find significant differences in seeing ability between eye colors.

研究尚未發現不同顏色眼睛之間的視力有顯著差異

Although people with lighter colored eyes

雖然有較淺色眼睛的人

may experience more discomfort on a sunny day thanks to that whole more-light-in thing.

會在陽光燦爛的天氣下會有較不舒服的感覺，因為會有較多光線進入眼睛

Some biologists think that may mean they can see better in dimmer conditions,

一些生物學家認為淺色眼睛的人會在昏暗的地方有較好的視力

like when it's cloudy or at night—but so far, this hasn't been conclusively demonstrated.

像是在陰天或晚上，但是這個觀點並未完全被證實

Interestingly, studies have found that people with darker eyes tend to be worse at perceiving colors,

有趣的是，研究顯示較深色眼睛的人較不容易辨識顏色

but that might be due to other differences between the eyes of the people tested, like pupil size.

但這可能是由於受試者眼睛之間的其他差異，如瞳孔大小所造成的

And one weird thing that keeps popping up is a difference in athletic performance between different eye colors.

一件不斷出現奇怪的事是，有關不同眼睛顏色的人之間運動表現差異的議題

Several studies in the 70s and 80s suggested that darker eyes have slightly faster reaction times on the order of 10 to 30 milliseconds.

70 年代和 80 年代的一些研究顯示，較深眼睛顏色的人反應時間會稍微快約 10 到 30 毫秒

Some found people with darker eyes performed better at reactive tasks like hitting an oncoming ball or boxing,

也有些人發現眼睛顏色較深的人接受需要反應性的任務，像是擊球或拳擊表現得更好

while those with lighter eyes were better at non-reactive tasks, like bowling or golf.

而那些有較淺色眼睛的人較擅長於非反應性的任務，像是保齡球或高爾夫

And that might have something to do with the amount or quality of light that melanin absorbs.

這可能與棕黑色素吸收光線的量與品質有關

But the most likely hypothesis for this actually has little to do with eyesight.

但這些可能的假設實際上都與視力無關

It's thought that melanin in the iris correlates to levels of neuromelanin in the central nervous system

虹膜中的棕黑色素與中樞神經系統分泌的 neuromelanin 量有關

a related set of pigments that may help speed up neuronal signaling.

neuromelanin 亦即神經黑色素，為一群相關的色素，能夠加速神經傳導

And in general, the studies that found differences between eye colors tended to have

通常有關眼睛顏色差異的研究，往往存在有

small sample sizes and questionable statistics.

較小的樣本數以及可疑統計數據的問題

More recent replication attempts haven't gotten the same results.

最近的重複性試驗並沒有得到相同的結果

So it's hard to say if iris color really affects vision.

所以很難說是否虹膜的顏色真的會影響視力

And even if it does, most experts think the effects are really slight.

而即使真的會影響，大部分的專家認為影響不是很大

What iris color does impact is eye health, as lighter eyes are more prone to problems like macular degeneration

眼睛顏色真正影響的是眼睛的健康，較淺色的眼睛比較容易得到黃斑部病變

the failing of the region of the eye that lets us see objects directly in front of us.

亦即讓我們能看到正前方物體的眼睛區域產生衰退

And that means people with blue eyes might want to be a bit more careful about

這代表有藍眼睛的人更須小心

wearing sunglasses and eating lots of leafy green veggies to keep those macula healthy.

配戴太陽眼鏡、吃綠色蔬菜以保持黃斑部健康

But really—those are things we should all do anyways.

但其實不管什麼顏色眼睛都應該要這樣做

So this week, we've all been talking about Skillshare classes we enjoy,

本週，我們都在討論我們喜歡的 Skillshare 課程

and I know I just talked about eyes and vision for this whole video,

我知道在這部影片中我講的都是有關眼睛及視力的內容

but this is the last day of the week and it's important to remember that sound also matters in video.

但這是本週的最後一天，記住影片的聲音效果一樣很重要

And luckily, Skillshare has all kinds of classes on audio recording, mixing, and mastering.

幸運的是，Skillshare 提供很多錄音，混音和母帶製作的課程

No matter what your skill level or what tools you have access to,

不管你的程度如何你都可以加入

there's most likely a class that will fit your needs.

有很大的機會找到適合你的課程

Whether you just want to record a song, or need to mix vocals with background room tone on your iPhone,

無論你要錄一首歌，或需要將混有背景音的人聲結合你 iphone 上的音樂

or want to start your own ASMR channel, you'll learn something on Skillshare.

或想要開始你的「Autonomous sensory meridian response，ASMR」頻道，你都可以在 Skillshare 學習

I took this class on Building an Immersive Soundscape taught by artist and filmmaker L. Ashwyn Corris

我參加了藝術家和電影製作人 L. Ashwyn Corris 教授的「建立沉浸式音景」課程

because I wanted to learn a little bit more about Audition.

因為我想多學些有關試聽的知識

And what I liked about that class is that she approaches it in a hands on way,

而我喜歡那門課程的原因是她有盡可能接近它

explaining her technical knowledge but she's also talking about how she thinks about

並解釋她的知識技巧，同時也在談論

using sound creatively to set the tone of her piece.

她如何創造性地使用聲音來設計她的作品

If you want to check it out, Skillshare is offering SciShow viewers, and listeners, 2 months of Skillshare for free right now.

如果你有興趣，Skillshare 現在有提供瀏覽者、聽眾兩個月免費試用

Just click on the link in the description to take advantage of this deal and to learn more about sound,

點選以下連結開始試用，學習更多有關聲音

or video, or productivity, or really anything you can imagine!

視頻、生產力或你可以想像任何內容的更多信息 !

Thanks for watching and thanks to Skillshare for not only offering our viewers 2 months of free classes,

感謝觀看這部影片，也感謝 Skillshare 提供兩個月的免費試用給影片觀眾

but also for supporting SciShow and helping us keep our videos free to you always.

但要繼續支持 SciShow 讓我們可以再提供免費的影片給大家

[ ♪ Outro ]

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