Name: 【TED-Ed】文學樣式中的戲劇是從何而生？ Development of English drama - Mindy Ploeckelmann
Uploaded: 2013-09-22T16:19:10.000Z
Duration: 3 min 47 s

Since they had no way to learn the Bible,

the clergy came up with an inventive solution:

神職人員們便想出了 一個創造性的解決方案：

they'd create plays out of certain Bible stories

so even people who couldn't read could learn them.

because they revealed the mystery of God's word.

因為它們揭示了神的話語的奧秘

the clergy members acted out Bible stories

that soon they needed to move out to the street

By building moving carts to put on each play

他們可以連續演出一系列的故事

這些稱為露天劇 (Pageant) 的移動推車

and was used for costumes, props, and dressing.

The top platform was the stage for the performance.

Spectators assembled in various corners of the town,

and the pageant would move around in the cycle

露天劇便在鎮上移動，循環演出

until the villagers had seen the entire series.

很快地，這些戲劇必須招募更多演員

different guilds were asked to be responsible

for acting out different parts of the cycle.

這些循環故事中不同部分的演出

For example, the carpenter's guild might put on

and the baker's guild might put on The Last Supper.

麵包師傅的行會可能要 演出《最後的晚餐》

Can you imagine what might happen to the story

你能想像屠夫行會演出 《耶穌受難記》

if the butcher's guild put on The Crucifixion of Christ?

他們會如何表現耶穌釘十架的故事嗎？

By the end of the 14th century, a new form of drama,

到了十四世紀，便發展出一種新形式的

And, at the same time, the opposite virtues

The morality plays were allegorical stories

in which these characters battled for the control of the soul.

這些角色們 為了爭取靈魂的控制權而大動干戈

and even getting into scuffles with other spectators

into a hell that was depicted as a dragon's mouth.

The virtuous Biblical stories had morphed

聖經的道德故事，從原先的擬仿

轉變為野蠻混亂的 時而滑稽的故事

The clergy intended to teach against immorality.

神職人員原本打算 以此教育人民對抗邪惡

How ironic, then, that the morality plays

actually encouraged vices as more popular than virtues.

the church started to outlaw these performances.

was built like a larger version of a pageant,

encircling a grassy area in front of the stage.

它最終更名為環球劇場 (The Globe)

The medieval morality play had led to Renaissance playwrights

中世紀的道德劇成就了 文藝復興時期的劇作家

道德劇中那些涉及內心掙扎 困索、以及人類良知的環節

And that, in essence, is how drama emerged