the popular option for easy and reliable driving.

簡單又可靠的自動變速箱成了最受歡迎的選項

In this video we will explore the working principles of this complex mechanism

讓我們來探索這個複雜機械結構的工作原理吧 !

in a simple and logical way.

在一個簡單又合乎邏輯的方法中

We'll use an automatic transmission developed by Allison Transmission for this purpose.

我們將採用由Allison Transmission所研發的自動變速箱為例

Automatic transmissions work based on the planetary gear set.

自動變速箱的工作基礎在於行星齒輪組

In order to understand this process, let's take a look at the basic parts of planetary gear sets.

為了能夠理解這個程序 讓我們先來看看行星齒輪組的基本零件

Planetary gear sets have two input and one output.

行星齒輪組有兩個輸入一個輸出

In automatic transmission the output rotation is drawn from the planet carrier.

在自動變速箱中.輸出轉動是由行星齒輪座帶動的

The two inputs are connected to the ring and sun gears.

兩個輸入被連接到環形齒輪與太陽齒輪

Now let's see what happens to the output speed when we apply different speeds to the inputs.

如果採不同的輸入速度.那輸出的速度會有什麼變化?

Here the ring gear is stationary and rotation is given exclusive to the sun gear.

這時環形齒輪是固定的.轉動則是由太陽齒輪帶動

This will cause the carrier to spin as you can see here.

如你所見.這時行星齒輪座將會轉動

The ring gear is also rotating.

環形齒輪也會轉動

The ring and sun gears rotate at the same speed.

環形齒輪與太陽齒輪以同樣的速度旋轉

In this case the whole mechanism moves as a single unit.

這種狀況下.整個機件等於是同一個單元

The ring gear speed is increased further.

當環形齒輪的速度增快時

Turning the sun gear in the opposite direction will result in a reverse gear.

切入倒檔時.太陽齒輪將會反向旋轉

So the operation of automatic transmission

所以自動變速箱的運作

is all about transmitting different rotation speeds

全都是傳輸不同的轉動速度

into the ring and sun gears.

傳到環形齒輪與太陽齒輪

The beauty of automatic transmission is that this speed variation

自排變速箱的美 就在於速度的變化

can be transmitted simply by engaging few clutch packs.

只要加設幾個離合器組.就可以簡單得傳輸動力

In the coming sessions we well see how this is achieved in Allison.

接下來 我們就看看這顆自排變速箱如何做到的

In an automatic transmission there is no direct connection

在輸入與輸出軸間.自排變速箱沒有任何直接連接

between the input and the output shafts,

在輸入與輸出軸間.自排變速箱沒有任何直接連接

rather there is an intermediate shaft between the two.

但在它們之間有一個中間軸

In addition to clutch packs are used for transmitting power.

除此之外 離合器總成作用也是用來傳輸動力

Pressing the clutch packs together will lock the hub to the case.

將離合器片組壓在一起.將會使 離合器片鎖定外殼.離合器壓板鎖定軸轂

This is the simplest form of automatic transmission.

這是自排變速箱最簡單的動作

With this in mind, let's see how 1st gear works.

記住這個動作後.來看看一檔是如何作動的

If 1st clutch pack is applied

如果作動了一檔離合器片組

the input shaft will connect to the intermediate shaft.

輸入軸將會連接到中間軸

On the other hand, if 2nd clutch pack is applied,

另一方面.如果二檔離合器片組被作動了

the ring gear will connect to the case

環形齒輪將會連接到外殼

which will make the gear become stationary.

將會使齒輪變成固定

In order to achieve 1st gear

為了達成一檔

just apply both the clutch packs together.

只要將C1.C5的離合器片組作動即可

You can note that the input shaft will turn the sun gear.

你也可以說這時 輸入軸將會轉動太陽齒輪

Since the ring gear is stationary

原本固定的環型齒輪

the output shaft will rotate as shown

如圖所示 輸出軸將會旋轉

with almost one third of the input speed.

旋轉的速度接近輸入軸的三分之一

To achieve additional gear ratios at another planetary gear set.

為達成另外的齒輪比.需要增加另一組行星齒輪組

It is clear that apply C1 will always rotate the both of sun gears at the input shaft speed.

很清楚的.作動C1會永遠同時旋轉 兩個太陽齒輪並同步在輸入軸的速度

If we apply C4 as well the planet carrier of the 2nd set will turn.

假如我們另外作動C4.第二組的行星齒輪座將會跟著旋轉

But here is the tricky part:

但是 這裡就是一個詭異的零件

this planet carrier is permanently linked to the ring gear of the 1st set.

這個星形齒輪座.是永久連接在第一組的環型齒輪上

So, when C1 and C4 are applied together, the ring gear of the output set will turn.

所以當C1及C4被同時作動時.輸出組的環型齒輪將會跟著旋轉

Thus, at the output set the situation is similar to that at 1st gear

於是 類似一檔的狀況也會出現在輸出組

except that here the ring gear will rotate as well.

所不同的是.這裡的環形齒輪一樣在旋轉

This means that the speed of the output planet carrier will increase.

這代表了行星齒輪座輸出的速度將會提升

This is 2nd gear of the transmission.

這裡是變速箱的二檔

The planet carrier is also fitted with a hollow shaft.

行星齒輪座野依著空心軸

The shaft can be directly connected to the input shaft with the help of a rotating clutch module.

這個軸可以幫助旋轉的離合器模組直接連接到輸入軸.

Take a moment to observe and understand this arrangement -

花一點時間來觀察與理解這個設計安排

the rest of the process will be easy.

該過程的其餘部分將會變得更簡單

With this setup we can achieve 4th gear with a direct drive.

有了這種格局設計.我們就可以實現四檔的直接驅動

We know: in order to get a direct drive

我們都知道.為了取得直接驅動

the ring and sun gears of the output set should rotate at the speed of input shaft.

輸出組的環形及太陽齒輪.應該與輸入軸相同速度

If we apply C1 and C2, this is what happens:

假如我們作動了C1.C2.這將會使

The sun and ring gears will be directly connected to the input shaft.

太陽齒輪與環形齒輪將會直接連接到輸入軸

In order to achieve 6th gear just remove C1 and apply C4.

為了取得六檔.只要將C1分開.作動C4即可

Here at 2nd set the input rotation is given to the carrier and the ring gear is stationary.

這裡在第二組.輸入旋轉帶動了行星齒輪座.但是環形齒輪是停止的

This combination gives a very high rotational speed to the sun gear.

這種組合提供了太陽齒輪非常高的旋轉速度

Thus, we can achieve a high over drive ratio at the output.

於是.我們可以在輸出端.得到極高的驅動比

3rd planetary gear set is required to get the remaining gear ratios.

第三個行星齒輪組則是被設定在其餘的齒輪比

The sun gear of this set is always connected to the input shaft as shown here.

這一組的太陽齒輪永遠連接在輸入軸.如圖示

And here again the output of the set is connected to the input of the adjacent set.

又再一次的.這一組的輸出端連接到隔鄰的輸入端

This means that applying C3 will always turn the ring gear of 2nd set.

這代表了 作動C3.第二組的環形齒輪將會一直轉動.

For the remaining gear ratios C3 is always applied.

為了其餘的齒輪比.C3一直都在作動中

For 3rd gear just apply C1 as well.

還有為了三檔.只需要作動C1

For 5th gear remove C1 and apply C2.

為了五檔.鬆開C1作動C2即可

In order to go in reverse apply the ring gear clutch C5 as well.

而倒檔只需要作動環形齒輪的C5即可

Since the planet gear of 2nd set cannot revolve,

因為第二組的行星齒輪無法旋轉

they will spin as shown here.

它將會空轉.就像這裡所看到的

This will eventually lead to the reverse rotation of the sun gear.

這最後將導致太陽齒輪的反向旋轉

Consequently, the final output will be a rotation in the opposite direction.

所以.末端輸出將會是以反向旋轉

A transmission control unit will decide when to apply which clutch pack.

變速箱控制單元.將會決定何時作動哪一組離合器

Unlike manual transmissions a torque converter is needed in the automatic transmissions.

與手排變速箱不同的是.自排變速箱.還需要一個扭力耦合器

When the transmission is in gear and we apply the brakes

當我們踩剎車時.而變速箱還掛在檔位上.

we have to isolate the rotation of the engine

我們必須從變速箱隔離

from the transmission.

引擎的旋轉

With a fluid coupling the torque converter will help accomplish this.

這時我們就需要液壓扭力耦合器的幫助

A 2D animation will also give you a good idea of the automatic transmission system.

一個2D的動畫. 也將能提供你對自動變速箱系統有一個好的概念

Thank you!

謝謝您的觀賞 中文字幕由汽車華佗編譯小組提供

Subtitles are written by @IEEE_English

中文字幕由汽車華佗編譯小組提供