Over a thousand people move into the city every month, driving up the cost of housing

每月有千餘人進城，帶動住房成本上漲

and they're turning the nation's capital into a construction zone.

他們把國家的首都變成了一個建築區。

Tower cranes piercing the sky above the city streets have become so common

塔吊在城市街道上方刺破天空，已經變得如此普遍

they're just part of the background.

他們只是背景的一部分。

But as fast as the cranes have gone up,

但如同鶴立雞群的速度。

demand for housing is rising even faster.

對住房的需求上升得更快。

Making DC among the most expensive places to live in the United States.

使特區成為美國最昂貴的居住地之一。

And one innovation whose time has come

而一個創新的時代已經到來

shows just why the demand for housing is far from being met.

正說明了為什麼住房需求遠遠不能滿足。

I kinda got driven down the tiny house road because of affordability,

因為經濟能力的問題，我有點被逼上了小房子的道路。

simplicity, sustainability and then mobility.

簡單性、可持續性，然後是流動性。

Tiny houses are very cheap to build, you can build one of these for ten thousand dollars

小房子的建造成本很低，一萬塊錢就可以建一個這樣的房子。

you can build one for thirty, forty, fifty thousand dollars,

你可以用三、四、五萬塊錢建一個。

but they definitely come in far beneath the cost of a regular home

但它們的成本絕對遠低於普通家庭的成本。

especially in a city like DC.

尤其是在華盛頓這樣的城市。

They're very sustainable, they take very little energy to heat or cool.

他們是非常可持續的，他們需要很少的能源來加熱或冷卻。

So having a space that I could hook up to solar

是以，有一個空間，我可以連接到太陽能。

that I could, you know, catch rain water and use for a simple shower and sink

我可以，你知道，收集雨水 並用於一個簡單的淋浴和水槽。

was very very appealing to me.

是非常非常吸引我的。

They are mobile because many of them are built on wheels

它們是可移動的，因為它們中的許多都是在輪子上建造的。

but the reason they're often built on wheels is because it then escapes

但它們通常建在輪子上的原因是，因為它然後逃避

a lot of the kind of coding requirements which these homes would violate

這些房子會違反很多編碼要求

not because they're unsafe places to live,

而不是因為他們是不安全的地方住。

but because the minimum size of a room you know must be 120 square feet

但因為你知道一個房間的最小面積必須是120平方英尺

and if these homes are 120 square feet altogether you then have obvious issues.

而如果這些房子一共是120平方，那麼你就有明顯的問題。

This is not a tiny house, it's the Office of Zoning, the Zoning Comission,

這不是小房子，是區劃辦公室，區劃委員會。

the Zoning Administrator, the Board of Zoning Adjustment and the Office of Planning

區劃署署長、區劃調整委員會和規劃辦公室。

which, along with the Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs

其中，與消費者和監管事務部一道

implements, adjudicates and enforces 34 chapters and 600 pages of regulations

執行、裁定和實施34章和600頁的條例；

governing property use and building requirements int he nation's capital.

管理國家首都的財產使用和建築要求；

The director of the city's Office of Planning, Ellen McCarthy,

市規劃辦主任埃倫-麥卡錫。

described the problem with allowing tiny houses in the city:

描述了在城市中允許建造微型房屋的問題。

and so the zoning authorities have allowed a few experiments in affordable housing

是以，區劃部門允許一些經濟適用房的實驗。

like this apartment made entirely from shipping containers.

就像這間完全由貨櫃製成的公寓。

But the city is constrained by a zoning ordinance that was drawn up in 1958

但該市受到1958年制定的分區條例的限制。

that's 56 years of cultural change and building innovations, like tiny houses,

那是56年的文化變革和建築創新，比如微型房屋。

that the code wasn't designed to address.

該代碼並不是為了解決這些問題而設計的。

and for small builders like Jay Austin, getting a special exemption from the zoning authorities

而對於像傑伊-奧斯汀這樣的小建築商來說，則可以獲得分區當局的特別豁免。

could cost tens of thousands of dollars and years of time

可能會花費數萬美元和多年的時間。

with no guarantee of success.

而不保證成功。

The proposed changes to zoning rewrite won't effect what we're doing at all,

區劃重寫的修改建議根本不會影響我們的工作。

we are, tiny homes on wheels are still a little bit further out

我們是，輪子上的小家還是有點遠的。

probably many years out, of decades out.

可能很多年後，幾十年後。

It's totally legal to buy one of these and to park it somewhere.

買一輛這樣的車並把它停在某個地方是完全合法的。

And really it only becomes illegal once you step inside and say 'this is my home.'

只有當你走進去說 "這是我的家 "時，它才真正成為非法的。

We could leave these houses on the lot I imagine for 20 years

我們可以把這些房子留在這塊土地上，我想20年都可以

and there wouldn't be any issue with it

就不會有任何問題。

but if we declared these are full time residences then there, you know,

但如果我們宣佈這些都是全職住宅，那麼，你知道的。

would be a little bit more, little bit more trouble perhaps.

會有點多，有點麻煩也許。

The laws that keep Jay Austin from living in his own home

阻止傑伊-奧斯汀住在自己家裡的法律。

have their genesis in New York City's zoning resolution of 1916.

其起源於紐約市1916年的分區決議。

For the first time in history, committees of urban planners

歷史上第一次，城市規劃師委員會。

began to reshape an entire American city.

開始重塑整個美國城市。

They split up skyscrapers to provide more sunlight on the streets below.

他們將摩天大樓分割開來，為下面的街道提供更多的陽光。

Industrial factories were separated from residential property.

工業工廠與住宅地產分離。

Immigrant communities were kept apart from neighborhoods of the elite.

移民社區與精英階層的社區隔離開來。

And when the supreme court ruled these laws didn't violate property rights,

而當最高法院裁定這些法律沒有侵犯財產權。

zoning quickly spread to every major city in America.

分區迅速蔓延到美國各大城市。

Every city, that is, except for one.

每一座城市，也就是說，除了一座城市。

Houston for me is an experiment.

休斯頓對我來說是一個實驗。

It's an experiment in overt capitalism.

這是一次公開的資本主義實驗。

And therefore very much at home in Texas,

是以在德州很有家的感覺。

there is a kind of libertarian way of thinking here.

這裡有一種自由主義的思維方式。

It's much more alive in a way, much more organic, than a typical zoned city

在某種程度上，它比典型的分區城市更有生命力，更有機。

that is more restricted by these old fashioned measures that no longer are viable.

是受到這些已經不可行的老式措施的更多限制。

If you live in an unzoned city, you have to develop a dialogue or negotiation.

如果你住在一個沒有規劃的城市，你必須發展對話或談判。

And that of course we have seen in our country is not easy to come by.

而這一點我們當然也看到了，在我們國家是來之不易的。

I have architect friends that have to operate in places like Berkeley

我有建築師朋友，要在伯克利這樣的地方操作。

where the zoning board is sort of a group of aestheticians without training

在那裡，分區委員會有點像一群沒有受過訓練的美容師

say 'that's no good, this is good, this is Berkeley, this is not.'

說'這不好，這很好，這是伯克利，這不是。

And this sort of, you know, it's silliness but has enormous economic consequences

而這種，你知道，這是愚蠢的，但有巨大的經濟後果。

is operating in those places.

正在這些地方開展活動。

While here, you can almost get away with anything.

在這裡，你幾乎可以擺脫任何東西。

Anything, like a house clad entirely in beer cans.

什麼都可以，比如一棟完全用啤酒罐包起來的房子。

In Houston a few simple laws govern lot sizes and set backs from the street.

在休斯敦，有幾條簡單的法律規定了土地的大小和與街道的距離。

There's even a new historical preservation ordinance.

甚至還有一個新的歷史保護條例。

But for the most part, developments are regulated by private covenants

但大多數情況下，開發項目受私人契約的約束

and deed restrictions.

和契約限制。

And without city codes, committees or planners to regulate land use,

而且沒有城市法規、委員會或規劃師來規範土地使用。

all sorts of creative expression are possible.

各種創意的表達都是可能的。

When architects began to build homes out of corrugated metal,

當建築師們開始用波紋金屬建造房屋時。

a cheap material associated with poverty and trailer parks,

一種與貧窮和拖車公園有關的廉價材料。

no one had the authority to stop them.

沒有人有權力阻止他們。

As it turned out not only were tin houses economical,

事實證明，鐵皮屋不僅經濟實惠。

they also kept homes cool by reflecting sunlight during Houston's sweltering summers.

在休斯敦悶熱的夏天，它們還通過反射陽光來保持房屋的涼爽。

Today tin houses are cherished as a unique Houston innovation.

如今，鐵皮屋作為休斯敦獨特的創新被人們所珍視。

Whether it's a tin house in Houston or a McMansion in McAllen,

無論是休斯敦的鐵皮屋還是麥卡倫的麥克豪宅。

homes in the sprawling state of Texas

家園

will always be cheaper than the densely populated northeast.

將永遠比人口密集的東北地區便宜。

But compared to the rest of the sun belt where cities are zoned and the land is plentiful,

但與太陽帶其他地方相比，那裡的城市都是分區的，土地也很充裕。

unregulated Houston is still the most affordable large city in America.

不受管制的休斯頓仍然是美國最實惠的大城市。

I totally agree that regulation is about preventing bad things from happening.

我完全同意，監管是為了防止壞事發生。

Houston's success in creating affordable housing for the middle class

休斯敦為中產階級打造經濟適用房的成功經驗

is one reason why the city is disparaged by the one group whose job it makes obsolete.

這也是為什麼這個城市被一個工作被它淘汰的群體所貶低的原因之一。

Urban planners like Harriet Tregoning, formerly of the Washington DC Office of Planning.

像哈里特-特雷戈寧這樣的城市規劃師，曾在華盛頓特區規劃辦公室工作。

I hate to make Houston the whipping boy, right?

我不想讓休斯頓成為鞭打的對象，對吧？

Oh go ahead.

哦，去吧。

You know, that's a place that doesn't have zoning, it doesn't' have regulation

你知道，那是一個沒有分區的地方，它不'有法規。

and it's not exactly the full flower of urbanism.

而這並不完全是城市主義的全部花朵。

Two hours down the gulf coast from Houston is Victoria.

從休斯敦出發，沿著海灣海岸走兩個小時，就是維多利亞。

A city that hasn't had zoning since it was founded 190 years ago.

一個城市，自從190年前建市以來，就沒有分區。

And the most unusual thing about Victoria is that it's not very unusual at all.

而維多利亞最不尋常的地方是，它根本就不是很尋常。

I don't notice anything greatly different about Victoria

我沒發現維多利亞有什麼大的不同。

and the look that Victoria portrays

和維多利亞所描繪的樣子

and the look that they have in San Antonio, Austin or Houston.

以及他們在聖安東尼奧、奧斯汀或休斯頓的樣子。

So, property rights in Texas are sacred, you can do what you want to do with your property

所以，德州的產權是神聖的，你可以對你的財產做你想做的事情

and I think most of the people here in Victoria want to protect that right.

我想維多利亞州的大多數人都想保護這個權利。

The city's growth and land use is based more on economics and the will of the owner

城市的發展和土地的利用更多的是基於經濟和業主的意願。

rather than some quasi-governmental body that you have to ask permission from.

而不是一些你必須得到許可的準政府機構。

East of town was a rendering plant where they took dead animals and processed them.

城東有一個渲染廠，他們把動物屍體拿到那裡處理。

The people that were in favor of zoning would say

贊成劃區的人會說

'well what if there's a rendering plant next to your house?'

"如果你家旁邊有一個渲染廠呢？

Economics dictate that you're not going to put a rendering plant

經濟學上決定了你不會把一個渲染工廠中的房間

next to a residential subdivision

毗鄰小區

economics dictates that you're gonna build a shopping center on a major thoroughfare.

經濟學決定了你要在主幹道上建一個購物中心。

It's worked very well in Victoria for a number of years and I trust we'll continue to do so.

多年來，這種做法在維多利亞州非常有效，我相信我們會繼續這樣做。

Now it's true if you look hard enough in Victoria or Houston

如果你在維多利亞或者休斯頓仔細觀察的話，就會發現這是真的。

you can find the odd high rise poking out of a low density neighborhood

在低密度的社區裡，你可以找到奇怪的高樓大廈。

and sometimes economics dictates that you'll have to eat your butterscotch dilly bar

有時經濟條件決定了你必須吃你的奶油糖條

next to the bail bondsman.

旁邊的保釋擔保人。

But tolerating a little disharmony, a dash of kitsch

但是可以容忍一點不和諧，一點俗氣的東西。

and the occasional strip club in a strip mall along the Texas gulf coast

偶爾也會在德克薩斯海灣沿岸的脫衣舞商場裡的脫衣舞俱樂部裡玩玩

is a small down payment on the right to be the architect of your own life.

是一個小的首付的權利，成為你自己生活的建築師。

Because if you're Jay Austin, you can build the home of your dreams,

因為如果你是傑伊-奧斯汀，你就可以建造你夢想中的家。

you just can't live there.

你只是不能住在那裡。

For now his tiny house is a part time residence and a full time showpiece

現在，他的小房子是一個兼職的住所，也是一個全職的展示品。

to present to the public in the hopes of changing a zoning committe

向公眾介紹，希望改變分區委員會的做法。

that hasn't updated a zoning code in 56 years.

有56年沒有更新過區劃代碼的地方。