of which are found in the larger cities of Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Kobe.

其中東京、大阪、名古屋、神戶等大城市都有。

With a high density of people crowded into a relatively small space, people have to learn

高密度的人群擠在一個相對狹小的空間裡，人們必須學會

to get along with one another.

彼此相處。

At the same time, Japan is made up of local Japanese with very few foreigners among them,

同時，日本是由當地的日本人組成的，其中很少有外國人。

so they are also very similar in culture, values, and manners.

所以他們在文化、價值觀、禮儀方面也非常相似。

They have been described as being “one nation, one civilization, one language, one culture

他們被形容為 "一個民族、一個文明、一種語言、一種文化"。

and one race” and are actually one of very countries in today's globalized world to

和一個種族"，並且實際上是當今全球化世界中的一個非常國家，以 "一個種族 "為基礎，以 "一個種族 "為目標。

be so homogenous.

如此同質化。

Politeness is a typical characteristic of the Japanese that other people admire, and

禮貌是日本人的典型特徵，別人都很佩服，而。

here are five possible reasons why.

這裡有五個可能的原因。

Number one: Japanese Philosophy and Religion For the Japanese, the country and family are

第一。日本的哲學和宗教 對日本人來說，國家和家庭是...

considered more important than self.

認為比自己更重要。

This idea stems from the teachings of Confucius, the Chinese sage who laid down strict codes

儒家思想是中國聖人孔子的教誨，孔子制定了嚴格的準則。

of conduct, as well as Shinto religious beliefs.

的行為，以及神道宗教信仰。

For centuries, Japanese have been taught from a young age that they need to be responsible

幾百年來，日本人從小就被教育要有責任感。

members of their families and their country, and serve others' needs before their own.

家人和國家的成員，並在自己的需求之前為他人服務。

As a result, the people became obedient and relatively passive, used to having their lives

是以，人們變得很聽話，相對被動，習慣了有自己的生活。

regulated by rules.

有規則可循。

Number two: Group Culture and Rules Japanese culture is known to be highly complicated

第二條。群體文化和規則 日本文化眾所周知是非常複雜的

with very fine differences between what is seen to be 'right' and 'wrong', and

在 "對 "和 "錯 "之間存在著非常細微的差異，以及。

it continues to have a strong influence on anyone who wants to live and work in Japan.

它對任何想在日本生活和工作的人都有很大的影響。

Unlike in Western societies, the 'group' is seen as more important than the 'individual'.

與西方社會不同，"群體 "被視為比 "個人 "更重要。

If you step out of line on any aspect, it has a strong impact on the way other people

如果你在任何一個方面出了問題，都會對其他人產生強烈的影響。

see you - your basic character and values are at stake if they judge you negatively.

看到你 - 你的基本性格和價值觀是在危險之中，如果他們對你的評價是負面的。

This is reflected very clearly in the Japanese language itself which has both a formal and

這一點在日語本身就有非常明顯的反映，日語既有形式上的，也有。

a casual form, and which makes learning Japanese very difficult for outsiders.

是一種隨意的形式，這也給外人學習日語帶來了很大的困難。

The good thing about these guidelines and expectations is that it helps maintain social

這些準則和期望的好處是，它有助於維護社會的

harmony and makes living together go much more smoothly.

和諧，讓共同生活更加順利。

It is like the oil that makes the tricky parts of a machine move in tandem with all the other

它就像機油一樣，讓機器上棘手的部件與其他所有的部件同步運動。

parts instead of causing irritation and friction when rubbing against each other.

部件，而不是在相互摩擦時造成刺激和摩擦。

Number three: Children's Upbringing and Schooling

第三項：兒童的教育和學校教育。

Japanese parents place a whole lot of importance on teaching social manners so that the child

日本的父母非常重視社交禮儀的教育，讓孩子的

avoids causing trouble for them and for others.

避免給自己和他人帶來麻煩。

Many stress the value of learning the social 'rules'ｃ their behaviour is not

許多人強調學習社會 "規則 "的價值c他們的行為不是。

criticized by other people.

被別人責備。

At the same time, parents value closeness with their children and spend time together

同時，父母重視與孩子的親近感，花時間在一起。

on various activities.

在各種活動中。

This parent-child closeness positively helps children want to please their parents, and

這種親子間的親密關係，積極地幫助孩子想要討好父母，而

naturally they accept the rules and regulations that their parents set for them.

他們自然會接受父母為他們制定的規章制度。

In school, too, children learn proper ways of behaving together.

在學校裡，孩子們也會學習正確的行為方式，一起。

For example, they are taught to clean up their classrooms and school grounds every day, and

例如，教育他們每天打掃教室和校園，並在

exhibit extremely polite manners towards teachers and other adults.

對教師和其他成年人表現出極有禮貌的態度。

They enjoy learning to work together in groups on projects and in other forms of learning.

他們喜歡學習以小組為組織、部門進行項目合作和其他形式的學習。

Many schools also require their students to wear uniforms which makes them even more aware

許多學校還要求他們的學生穿制服，這使得他們甚至更多的意識到

of their 'one-ness'.

的'一性'。

Number four: Extremely Close Encounters Rules guide the way the Japanese live and

第四條。日本人的生活方式是以極度近距離接觸為準則的。

interact with others, and everyone is generally very polite to each other no matter if you

與人交往，大家一般都很有禮貌，不管你是否

are friends or strangers.

是朋友還是陌生人。

They try to avoid all kinds of conflict, especially in the public eye.

他們儘量避免各種衝突，尤其是在公眾面前。

This is partly because there is so little personal space available in the over-crowded

部分原因是在過於擁擠的環境中，個人空間太少了。

cities and people know they need to cooperate and respect others to make life flow more

城市和人們都知道需要合作和尊重他人，才能讓生活更加流暢。

smoothly for themselves.

為自己順利。

For example, if you talk loudly into your mobile phone while riding a packed train to

例如，如果你在乘坐擁擠的火車時，對著手機大聲說話，以達到以下目的

work, you are very likely to annoy other commuters.

工作，你很可能會惹惱其他上班族。

If you smell bad, or dress sloppily, you will have that same effect as well.

如果你的氣味不好聞，或者穿著馬虎，你也會有同樣的效果。

Number five: Individual Status and the Formal 'Pecking order'

第五條。個人地位和正式的 "啄木鳥順序

The way a Japanese uses everyday language clearly shows who they are and who they speak

日本人使用日常語言的方式清楚地表明瞭他們是誰，他們說的是誰。

to.

到：

There are formal rules for speaking differently to different people depending on their age

根據不同的年齡，對不同的人有不同的說話方式，有正式的規定

and relationship to you.

以及與你的關係。

Even a simple greeting like 'good morning' can be formal or informal, depending on who

即使是像 "早上好 "這樣簡單的問候語，也可以是正式的或非正式的，這取決於誰。

you say it to and when.

你什麼時候說，什麼時候說。

For example, the older members of a family, like a grandmother or father, must be addressed

例如，必須稱呼家庭中的年長成員，如祖母或父親。

in the formal form to show their importance in the group.

在形式上，以顯示其在集團中的重要性。

This goes for the boss of your company, or colleagues holding a higher title than you,

這適用於你公司的老闆，或擁有比你更高職稱的同事。

unless you don't mind being instantly fired.

除非你不介意被立即解僱。

Even bowing to another person to say 'thank you', already considered to be very respectful

即使是向別人鞠躬說 "謝謝"，也已經被認為是很有禮貌了

in other cultures, has different rules for 'levels' depending on who is doing the

在其他文化中，對 "級別 "有不同的規定，這取決於誰在做。

bowing or is being bowed to.

鞠躬或被鞠躬。