but I was the weird child who drew.

我在社會科學家的家庭中長大，

(Laughter)

但我是個怪小孩，我畫畫。

From making sketches of the models in my mom's Sears catalog ...

（笑聲）

to a bedroom so full of my craft projects

我母親的西爾斯目錄的 模特兒都是我素描的對象…

that it was like my own personal art gallery,

我的臥房滿滿都是我的工藝作品，

I lived to make.

就像是我個人的美術館，

I don't think anyone in my family was surprised when I became an architect.

我活著是為了製造。

But to be honest with you,

我想，當我成為建築師時， 我的家人都不覺得意外。

the real foundation of the architect I became

但老實說，

was not laid in that bedroom art gallery

我成為建築師，背後的積累成因，

but by the conversations around my family's dinner table.

其實並不是歸因於我的臥房美術館，

There were stories of how people lived and connected to one another,

而是我們一家在晚餐時的對話。

from the impact of urban migration on a village in Zambia

我們聊的一些故事是關於 人們的居住狀況以及彼此關聯，

to the complex health care needs

從都市遷徒對於尚比亞的 村落有什麼影響，

of the homeless in the streets of San Francisco.

到舊金山街頭的

Now, it would be fair

流浪人群亟待健康照護的複雜局面。

if you're looking over at your seatmate

此刻，我並不意外

and wondering, "What the hell does that have to do with architecture?"

如果你正與坐你鄰座的人對視，

Well, all of these stories involved space

並納悶：「那到底和建築 有什麼關係啊？」

and how it did or didn't accommodate us.

其實，所有那些故事都涉及空間，

The fact is,

以及空間有或沒有容納我們。

we share some of our deepest connections

事實是，

in physical space.

我們在實體空間中共有一些

And our stories play out,

最深層的關聯。

even in this crazy age of texting and tweeting,

即使是在這個

in physical space.

網路傳訊和推特瘋速發展的年代， 我們的故事也發生在

Unfortunately, architecture hasn't done a great job

實體空間中。

of telling all of our stories equally.

遺憾的是，建築師沒把工作做好，

Too often, we see the building of monuments like the Gherkin

沒有均等地講述我們的故事。

or even Trump Tower ...

我們太常見到紀念塔式的建築， 像英國的小黃瓜大樓

(Laughter)

抑或是川普世界大廈…

that tell the story of the haves rather than the have-nots.

（笑聲）

Throughout my career,

它們講述的故事主角都是「有」 而不是「沒有」。

I've actively resisted the practice

在我的職涯中，

of building monuments to certain peoples' stories --

我會主動抗拒設計那些為

usually white, male, rich --

某些人的故事建造紀念塔式的建築，

and bulldozing other peoples' stories --

通常都是為有錢的白人男性而建，

usually people of color

然後把其他人的故事夷為平地，

from low-income communities.

通常是那些來自低收入社區的

I've tried to create a practice

有色人種。

that is rooted in elevating the stories

我想要設計的建築是

of those who have most often been silenced.

根基於提升那些總是

That work --

被迫沉默的人群的故事。

it's been a mission in spatial justice.

那份工作

(Applause)

是一個維護空間正義的任務。

Now, spatial justice means that we understand

（掌聲）

that justice has a geography,

空間正義意味著我們了解

and that the equitable distribution of resources, services and access

正義也有地理學，

is a basic human right.

指資源、服務及使用權的公平分配

So what does spatial justice look like?

是一種基本人權。

Well, I'd like to share a story with you.

那麼，空間正義是什麼樣子的？

For years,

嗯，我想和各位分享一個故事。

I've been working in the historically African-American neighborhood

多年來，

of Bayview Hunters Point in San Francisco,

我一直在一個歷史上是屬於 非裔美國人的街坊中工作，

on a plot of land that once held a power plant.

位在舊金山的灣景獵人區，

Back in the '90s,

以前在那塊地上有座發電廠。

a community group led by mothers who lived in the public housing

在九○年代時，

on the hill above the plant

有一個社區團體，由住在 電廠上方山丘上的

fought for its closure.

母親們所領導，

They won.

為關閉電廠而戰。

The utility company finally tore it down,

她們贏了。

cleaned the soil

公用事業公司終於把它拆除，

and capped most of the site with asphalt

把土壤清乾淨

so that the clean soil wouldn't blow away.

用瀝青覆蓋該地點大部分的區域

Sounds like a success story, right?

這樣乾淨土壤才不會吹走。

Well, not so fast.

聽起來是個成功故事，對嗎？

You see, because of various issues like land entitlements,

別急，還沒完。

lease agreements, etc.,

因為各種議題，比如土地權利、

the land actually couldn't be redeveloped for at least five to 10 years.

租約協議等等，

What that meant is that this community

至少五到十年間， 該土地無法被再開發。

that had been living near a power plant for decades,

那意味著，這個社區

now had 30 acres of asphalt in their backyard.

已經在電廠附近住了數十年，

To put that in context for you,

現在他們的後院有三十英畝的瀝青。

30 acres is equal to about 30 football fields.

為各位說明一下，

Now, the utility company didn't want to be the bad guy here.

三十英畝差不多等同 三十個美式足球場。

Recognizing that they owed the community,

公用事業公司不想 在這件事上當壞人。

they actually put out a call for designers

他們承認他們虧欠這個社區，

to propose temporary uses for this site,

他們開始徵尋設計師

hoping to turn it into a community benefit

提出對這塊地的暫時使用提案，

rather than blight.

希望把它轉成社區的利益

I'm part of the diverse team of designers that responded to that call,

而不是禍害。

and for the last four years,

我是回應該公司的多樣化 設計師團隊中的一員，

we've been collaborating with those mothers

在過去四年間，

and other residents,

我們一直和那些母親

as well as local organizations and the utility company.

以及其他居民、

We've been experimenting with all types of events

地方組織，及該公用事業公司合作。

to try and address issues of spatial justice.

我們在實驗各種活動

Everything from job training workshops

試圖處理空間正義的議題。

to an annual circus

從工作訓練研習營

to even a beautiful, new shoreline trail.

到年度馬戲團

In the four years that we've been operational,

甚至到美麗的海岸線新小徑。

over 12,000 people have come and done something on this site

我們在營運的這四年間，

that we hope has transformed their relationship to it.

有超過一萬兩千人來到 這個地方做出貢獻，

But lately,

我們希望能轉變他們 與這個地方的關係。

I'm starting to realize that events are not enough.

但，近期，

A few months ago,

我開始了解到，只有活動還不夠。

there was a community meeting in this neighborhood.

幾個月前，

The utility company was finally ready to talk concretely

在這個街坊有一場社區會議。

about long-term redevelopment.

公用事業公司終於 準備好要具體地來談

That meeting was kind of a disaster.

長期的重新開發。

There was a lot of yelling and anger.

那場會議可說是場災難。

People asked things like,

有很多吼叫和怒火。

"If you're going to sell it to a developer,

大家會問這類問題：

wouldn't they just build luxury condos like everyone else?"

「若你要把它賣給開發商，

And "Where has the city been?"

他們難道不會像別人一樣 建造奢侈的公寓嗎？」

"Why aren't there more jobs and resources in this neighborhood?"

以及「城市跑到哪兒去了？」

It was not that our events had failed to bring joy.

「為什麼在這個街坊 沒有更多工作和資源？」

But in spite of that, there was still pain here.

並不是我們的活動沒有帶來喜悅。

Pain from a history of environmental injustice

但儘管如此，這裡還是有痛苦。

that left many industrial uses in this neighborhood,

這痛苦來自環境不公平的歷史，

leaving residents living near toxic waste

在這個街坊留下很多工業的使用，

and, literally, shit.

讓居民住在有毒廢物

There's pain from the fact

和可說是糞便的附近。

that this zip code still has one of the lowest per capita income,

有些痛苦是來自

highest unemployment

這個郵遞區號的地區仍然是 每人收入最低的地區之一，

and highest incarceration rates

還有最高的失業率，

in a city which tech giants like Twitter, Airbnb and Uber call home.

以及最高的監禁率，

And those tech companies --

這個城市可是科技巨人，如推特、 Airbnb，以及優步的家鄉。

hm --

而那些科技公司，

they've actually helped to trigger a gentrification push

嗯，

that is rapidly redefining this neighborhood,

他們其實是在助推中產階級化，

both in terms of identity and population.

那會快速重新定義這個街坊，

Now let me pause for a moment to talk about gentrification.

在身分上以及人口上皆是如此。

I suspect for a lot of us, it's kind of like a dirty word.

我先暫停一下，來談談中產階級化。

It's become synonymous with the displacement

我懷疑，對我們很多人而言， 這就像是一個髒字。

of poor residents from their neighborhood

它變成了遷移的同義字，

by wealthier newcomers.

貧窮的居民遷離他們的街坊，

If you've ever been displaced,

由有錢的新來者接手。

then you know the agony of losing a place that held your story.

如果你曾經被迫遷移，

And if you haven't experienced this,

就知道失去保有 你故事的地方有多痛苦。

then I'm going to ask you to try and imagine your way into it right now.

如果你沒有這種經驗，

Think about what it would be like to find your favorite local spot,

我想請你現在想像一下這個情況。

a place where you often went and hung out with the old-timers or your friends,

想想看，你在當地最喜歡的地點，

had vanished.

你常常和老居民或朋友 去打發時間的地方，

And then you get home,

它消失了。

and you find a letter from your landlord,

接著，你回到家，

saying that your rent's been doubled.

你發現一封你房東寫的信，

The choice to stay --

寫說你的房租要加倍。

it's not yours to make.

留下的選擇

You no longer belong in your home.

不是你能決定的。

And know that this feeling you're feeling right now,

你不再屬於你的家。

it would be the same

你現在感受到的這個感覺，

regardless of whether or not the person who harmed you meant to do so.

它都會是一樣的，

Developer Majora Carter once said to me,

不論傷害你的人是有心或無心。

"Poor people don't hate gentrification.

開發者馬喬拉卡特曾經告訴我：

They just hate that they rarely get to hang around long enough

「窮人並不痛恨中產階級化。

to enjoy its benefits."

他們只是痛恨他們 無法在這裡待得夠久，

Why is it that we treat culture erasure and economic displacement as inevitable?

以享受它帶來的益處。」

We could approach development

為什麼我們會把文化抹除 和經濟位移視為不可避免？

with an acknowledgment of past injustices --

我們在發展時，

find value not only in those new stories

仍然可以承認過去的不公正——

but the old ones, too.

不只在新故事中，

And make a commitment to build people's capacity to stay --

也在舊故事中找到價值。

to stay in their homes,

並承諾保證所建立出來的 容量能讓大家留下，

to stay in their communities,

留在家中，

to stay where they feel whole.

留在他們的社區中，

But to do this rethink,

留在讓他們感覺完整的地方。

it requires looking at those past injustices

但若要做這種重新思考，

and the pain and grief that is interwoven into them.

就需要去檢視那些過去的不公正

And as I started to reflect on my own work,

以及和它們交織 在一起的痛苦和悲慟。

I realized that pain and grief have been recurring themes.

當我開始反思我自己的工作，

I heard it early on in the Bayview Hunters Point project

我了解到，痛苦和悲慟 是不斷重覆發生的主題。

when a man named Daryl said,

我先前在灣景獵人區計畫中聽到

"We've always been set aside like an island --

有個叫做戴洛的人說：

a no-man's-land."

「我們一直都被擱到一旁， 就像島嶼一樣，

I also heard it in Houston,

無人的島嶼。」

when I was working on a project with day laborers.

我在也休士頓聽過，

And as Juan told me stories of being robbed of his wages many times

當時我和計日工在進行一項計畫。

on the corner in which he stood every day

璜告訴我的故事是 他的薪資曾多次被搶劫，

to earn a living to support his family,

就在他每天為了支助家人生計

he asked,

所站的角落，

"Why can't anyone see the sacredness of this site?"

他問：

You know, you've seen the pain, too.

「為何沒人能看到 這個地方的神聖性？」

From campaigns around statue removals in Charlottesville and New Orleans ...

你們也看過這些痛苦。

to towns that have lost their industrial lifeblood

從夏洛蒂鎮以及紐奧良的 雕像拆除運動…

and are now dying,

到失去了產業命脈而現在正在

like Lorain, Ohio and Bolton, England.

步向死亡的鄉鎮，

We often rush to remake these places,

比如俄亥俄的洛蘭及英國的博爾頓。

thinking that we can ease their pain.

我們通常會急著要重造這些地方，

But in our boundless desire to do good,

認為我們能緩和他們的痛苦。

to get past all of our mistakes,

但雖然我們有無限慾望想要做善事、

to build places that hold possibility,

想克服我們所有的錯誤，

we often maintain a blissful ignorance

來建立具有可能性的地方，

of a landscape filled with a very long trail of broken promises

我們卻常有著樂而忘憂的無視，

and squelched dreams.

忽略了地景上滿是 一長串被違背的承諾，

We are building on top of brokenness.

以及被碾碎的夢想。

Is it any wonder that the foundations cannot hold?

我們在斷垣殘壁上建造。

Holding space for pain and grief was never part of my job description

有人納悶過，地基可能不穩嗎？

as an architect --

我身為建築師的工作內容從未包括

after all, it's not expedient,

留出空間給痛苦和悲慟。

focused on beauty,

畢竟，那不是權宜的，

and hell, even requested by my clients.

其焦點不在美好上，

But I've seen what happens when there's space for pain.

而且我的客戶也沒有要求這點。

It can be transformational.

但我見過留些空間給痛苦會怎樣，

Returning to our story,

是可以轉型的。

when we first started working in the neighborhood,

回到我們的故事，

one of the first things we did

當我一開始在這個街坊工作時，

was go out and interview the activists who had led the fight to close the plant.

我們最先做的事之一，

We consistently heard and felt from them a sense of impending loss.

就是出去訪問那些要求關閉 電廠的激進分子領導者。

The neighborhood was already changing,

我們從他們那裡聽到和感受到， 有種即將發生的失去感。

even back then.

這個街坊已經在改變，

People were leaving or dying of old age,

即使是在那時。

and with those departures, stories were being lost.

大家都離開了，或是年老過世，

To those activists,

隨著他們離去，故事也遺失了。

no one was going to know the amazing things

對那些激進分子而言，

that had happened in this community,

將來沒有人會知道在這個社區

because to everyone on the outside,

發生過不可思議的事，

it was the ghetto.

因為對於局外人而言

At worst, a place of violence;

它就是個貧民窟。

at best, a blank slate.

最糟的情況是暴力之地，

Neither was true, of course.

最好的情況是空白的石板。

So my colleagues and I, we reached out to StoryCorps.

當然，兩者都不是真的。

And with their support,

所以我同事和我向 StoryCorps 求援。

and that of the utility company,

有他們以及公用事業公司的支援

we built a listening booth on our site.

我們在這建立了一個傾聽站。

And we invited the residents to come

我們邀請居民過來

and have their stories recorded for posterity.

說他們的故事，記錄下來給後世。

After a few days of recording,

在錄製了幾天之後，

we held a listening party

我們舉行了一場傾聽派對。

where we played clips,

播放一些片段，

much like what you hear on NPR every Friday morning.

就像你每個星期五早晨 在 NPR 聽到的一樣。

That party --

那場派對

it was one of the most amazing community meetings

是我所參與過

I've ever been a part of.

最棒的社區會議之一。

In part because we didn't just talk about joy

有部分原因是我們不只談喜悅，

but also pain.

也談痛苦。

Two stories that I remember well --

我清楚記得兩個故事。

AJ talked about what it was like to grow up in the neighborhood.

AJ 談到在這個街坊長大的情況。

There was always a kid to play with.

總是可以找到小孩一起玩。

But he also spoke with sadness

但他也談到悲傷，

of what it was like to first be stopped and questioned by a police officer

談到與其他人相比， 他更可能先被警察攔下來盤查，

when he was 11.

那時他才十一歲。

GL also talked about the kids,

GL 也談到孩子，

and the ups and downs of the experience of living in this neighborhood,

以及住在這個街坊的苦與樂，

but he also spoke with pride

但他也談到自豪，

of some of the organizations that had sprung up

有些突然出現的組織

to provide support and empowerment.

來提供支援和賦能。

He wanted to see more of that.

他想要看到更多那種現象。

By holding space to first express pain and grief,

藉由保有表述痛苦和悲慟的空間，

we were then able to brainstorm ideas for a site --

我們才能針對這個地方 腦力激盪想法。

amazing ideas that then became the seeds of what we did over the next four years.

有些很棒的想法成了種子， 促成了接下來四年的作為。

So why the radically different meeting now?

所以，為何現在的會議如此不同？