Name: 【TED】羅伯-威勒：如何進行更好的政治對話(How to have better political conversations | Robb Willer) (【TED】Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations (How to have better political conversations | Robb Willer))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:31:27.000Z
Duration: 12 min 2 s

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

情態副詞

So you probably have the sense, as most people do,

that polarization is getting worse in our country,

意識到這個國家愈來愈兩極化，

that the divide between the left and the right

is as bad as it's been in really any of our lifetimes.

這輩子從來沒有像現在這麼糟過。

But you might also reasonably wonder if research backs up your intuition.

你也可能理性地想過 你的直覺是否有研究實證。

And in a nutshell, the answer is sadly yes.

一言以蔽之，這個答案 很不幸的是「有」。

that liberals and conservatives have grown further apart.

自由派與保守派早已漸行漸遠。

They increasingly wall themselves off in these ideological silos,

他們愈來愈把自己關在 意識形態的巨塔中，

consuming different news, talking only to like-minded others

看不同的新聞，只跟同類的人講話，

and more and more choosing to live in different parts of the country.

而且愈來愈傾向 選擇住在不同的地方。

And I think that most alarming of all of it

is seeing this rising animosity on both sides.

more and more they just don't like one another.

你在很多方面都能觀察到這件事。

They don't want to befriend one another. They don't want to date one another.

他們不要跟對方做朋友。 他們不要跟對方約會。

If they do, if they find out, they find each other less attractive,

即使約了，如果發現彼此立場不同， 就覺得對方不像之前那麼有吸引力，

and they more and more don't want their children to marry someone

You know, in my lab, the students that I work with,

你知道嗎，在我的實驗室， 我與共事的學生群

we're talking about some sort of social pattern --

我是個電影癡，我常常這樣想，

what kind of movie are we in here with this pattern?

這樣的模式下我們在演哪齣電影？

So what kind of movie are we in with political polarization?

政治兩極化下我們在演哪齣戲？

But what I keep thinking is that we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.

但是我一直都認為我們是活在 殭屍啟示錄這類的電影裡。

There's people wandering around in packs,

trying to spread their disease and destroy society.

that you're the good guy in the zombie apocalypse movie,

and all this hate and polarization, it's being propagated by the other people,

所有的仇恨啊兩極化啊， 都是另一邊的人搞起來的。

因為我們都是布萊德·彼特，對吧？

just trying to hold on to what we hold dear,

you know, not foot soldiers in the army of the undead.

你知道，不要當殭屍的走路工。

what movie do you suppose they think they're in?

你想他們覺得自己 是活在什麼電影裡呢？

Well, they absolutely think that they're the good guys

And you'd better believe that they think that they're Brad Pitt

你最好相信他們認為 自己才是布萊德·彼特，

I think that the truth is that we're all a part of this.

我認為真相是我們都身在其中。

And the good side of that is that we can be a part of the solution.

好的一面就是我們也可以 成為解決方案的一部分。

What can we do to chip away at polarization in everyday life?

我們在日常生活中要怎麼做 才能逐漸消彌兩極化？

What could we do to connect with and communicate with

與我們政治上的死對頭 建立關係、對話？

Well, these were exactly the questions that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,

這正是我與我的同事麥特．范柏格

and we started doing research on this topic.

And one of the first things that we discovered

that I think is really helpful for understanding polarization

有一樣我認為對瞭解 兩極化非常有幫助，

that the political divide in our country is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.

我國的政治分歧來自於 根深蒂固的道德分歧。

So one of the most robust findings in the history of political psychology

政治心理學史上 有一項強有力的發現，

is this pattern identified by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,

由強海特及傑西格藍發現的模式，

that liberals and conservatives tend to endorse different values

他們發現自由派及保守派 傾向對不同的價值觀

So for example, we find that liberals tend to endorse values like equality

舉個例子，我們發現自由派 對於認同平等、公平、

and fairness and care and protection from harm

關懷和保護免受傷害等價值觀，

And conservatives tend to endorse values like loyalty, patriotism,

And Matt and I were thinking that maybe this moral divide

麥特和我認為或許這種道德分歧，

might be helpful for understanding how it is

that liberals and conservatives talk to one another

自由派與保守派的對話模式有幫助，

and why they so often seem to talk past one another

以及為什麼他們在對話時 常常好像雞同鴨講。

我們招募自由派來做一項研究，

他們應該要寫一份說服性短論，

where they were supposed to write a persuasive essay

that would be compelling to a conservative in support of same-sex marriage.

And what we found was that liberals tended to make arguments

用自由派的道德價值觀， 如平等及公平來論述。

in terms of the liberal moral values of equality and fairness.

「每個人都應該有權利 愛他們選擇的人。」

"Everyone should have the right to love whoever they choose,"

而且「他們」──指美國同性戀──

and, "They" -- they being gay Americans --

「應與其他美國人享有 同樣的平等權利。」

"deserve the same equal rights as other Americans."

總體而言，我們發現 69% 的自由派

Overall, we found that 69 percent of liberals

會引用偏向自由派的道德 價值觀來寫短論，

invoked one of the more liberal moral values in constructing their essay,

只有 9% 會引用 偏向保守派的道德價值觀，

and only nine percent invoked one of the more conservative moral values,

即使他們應該要試著說服保守派。

even though they were supposed to be trying to persuade conservatives.

在我們研究保守人士， 要他們寫說服論據

And when we studied conservatives and had them make persuasive arguments

支持讓英語成為美國的國語時，

【TED】羅伯-威勒：如何進行更好的政治對話(How to have better political conversations | Robb Willer) (【TED】Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations (How to have better political conversations | Robb Willer))

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【TED】羅伯-威勒：如何進行更好的政治對話(How to have better political conversations | Robb Willer) (【TED】Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations (How to have better political conversations | Robb Willer))

pattern

empathy

intuitive

tend