I'm a relationship builder.

我是一位人際關係創造者。

When you think of a relationship builder,

[金·給恩]

don't you just automatically think "architect?"

當你想到人際關係創造者，

Probably not.

你會自然想到建築師嗎？

That's because most people think architects design buildings and cities,

可能不會吧。

but what we really design are relationships,

因為一般人腦海裡的建築師 只設計大樓或都市而已。

because cities are about people.

但其實，我們的設計卻以 人與人之關係為重。

They're places where people come together for all kinds of exchange.

因為都市是人們聚集之地，

And besides, skylines are highly specific urban habitats

人們相聚做各種交換的地方。

with their own insects, plants and animals,

此外，都市的天際線 更是都市特有的，

and even their own weather.

擁有獨特的昆蟲，植物和動物，

But today, urban habitats are out of balance.

甚至有獨特的小氣候。

Climate change, together with political and economic troubles,

但時下的城市棲息地 已失去平衡了：

are having an impact;

環球氣候變化， 加上政治和經濟問題，

they're adding up and stressing out cities and us,

造成負面影響；

the people who live in them.

它們凝為龐大的壓力在 都市和我們身上，

For me, the field of ecology has provided important insight,

都市的居民。

because ecologists don't just look at individual species on their own,

生態學讓我洞察如何解決這些問題，

they look at the relationships between living things

因為生態學不只看單一類生物，

and their environment.

而是關注大生態內生物彼此的關係，

They look at how all the diverse parts of the ecosystem are interconnected,

以及他們與周遭大環境的互動。

and it's actually this balance, this web of life, that sustains life.

他們試圖了解整個生態系統內的 各種不同部分如何相互連結，

My team and I have been applying insights from ecology to architecture

而這個平衡，交織的生命體， 才是維係著生命延續的關鍵。

to see how physical space can help build stronger relationships.

我的團隊和我 把生態學的智慧用在建築上，

The projects I'm going to show you today

探討如何利用空間來 強化人際關係。

use the idea of building relationships as the key driver for design.

我今天要介紹的項目

Here's an example of what I mean.

都是以強化人際溝通為設計的核心。

Recently, we were asked to design a center for social justice leadership

這是一個例子：

called the Arcus Center.

最近我們應邀設計 一個社會正義領導中心

They asked us for a building that could break down traditional barriers

叫做阿克斯中心（Arcus Center）；

between different groups

他們要求我們設計 一個能打破傳統族群間的隔膜，

and in doing so, create possibilities for meaningful conversations

他們要求我們設計 一個能打破傳統族群間的隔膜，

around social justice.

因而促進各方坦率交流

The students wanted a place for cultural exchange.

有關社會正義話題的空間。

They thought a place for preparing food together could do that.

學生們要求一個 有助於文化交流的地方，

And they wanted to be welcoming to the outside community.

他們相信一個共用廚房 能達成這目的；

They thought a fireplace could draw people in

學生也希望這建築 能吸引周遭的居民進來。

and help start conversations.

他們相信一個壁爐能達成這目的，

And everybody wanted the work of social justice to be visible

和促進談話交流；

to the outside world.

最終所有人希望

There really wasn't a precedent for this kind of space,

大眾都能關注社會公義之工作。

so we looked around the globe and found examples

這類建築沒有先例可循，

of community meeting houses.

我們搜索全球

Community meeting houses are places

找到一些社區會議屋子，

where there's very specific relationships between people,

在這些社區會議屋子中，

like this one in Mali, where the elders gather.

人與人之間的關係非常明確，

The low roof keeps everybody seated and at equal eye level.

像在馬里的這個， 是長老們會談用的：

It's very egalitarian.

超低的樓板強迫每人都要坐著， 彼此只能平視。

I mean, you can't stand up and take over the meeting.

它充滿著平等主義色彩；

You'd actually bump your head.

沒人能站著，指揮大局，

(Laughter)

站起來就碰頭了。

In meeting houses, there's always a central space

（笑聲）

where you can sit around a circle and see each other.

這些社區會議屋子中 都有個中央空間，

So we designed a space just like that

讓大家圍坐成一圈，互相對望。

right in the middle of the Arcus Center,

所以我們設計同樣的空間

and we anchored it with a fireplace and a kitchen.

在阿克斯中心的正中央，

It's pretty hard to get a kitchen and a fireplace in a building like this

我們也配備了一個大壁爐和 開放式的公眾廚房圍繞著它。

with the building codes,

可是依建築規章，

but it was so important to the concept, we got it done.

要放一個大壁爐和公眾廚房 在這種建築是不容易的，

And now the central space works for big social gatherings

但這是設計的靈魂── 我們贏得批准。

and a place to meet one-on-one for the very first time.

如今，這個中央空間可供大型聚會，

It's almost like this three-way intersection

以及初次會面可單獨談話的地方，

that encourages bumping into people and starting a conversation.

它像個三叉路口，

Now you can always pass the kitchen and see something going on.

讓人不期而會，進而交談。

You can sit by the fireplace and share stories.

每當你走過廚房時， 必可看到正在進行的活動，

You can study together in big groups or in small ones,

你可選擇坐在壁爐前分享故事；

because the architecture sets up these opportunities.

或者你可與大團體 或少數人一起研討，

Even the construction is about building relationships.

因為建築的佈局是 同時支援多類用途的。

It's made of cordwood masonry,

甚至連建築選材也隱含 建立關係之妙義：

which is using logs the way you would use bricks.

它是使用木塊的砌體建築，

It's super low-tech and easy to do and anyone can do it --

用一塊塊木頭像磚塊般疊起來，

and that's the entire point.

非常的低科技和容易，誰都能做的。

The act of making is a social activity.

這也是設計原意。

And it's good for the planet, too:

因為建造本身就是一種團體活動，

the trees absorbed carbon when they were growing up,

對地球而言也是環保的一招。

and they gave off oxygen,

樹木在成長時吸二氧化碳

and now that carbon is trapped inside the walls

吐出氧氣。

and it's not being released into the atmosphere.

現在，這些碳留存在牆壁中，

So making the walls is equivalent to taking cars right off the road.

而不是釋放到大氣層中，

We chose the building method

所以選用木頭為建材有 如同減少汽車污染的意義。

because it connects people to each other and to the environment.

我們選用這建造模式，

But is it working?

因為它能聯繫人與人， 和人與大自然之關係。

Is it creating relationships and nurturing them?

但這個設計有達到目的嗎？

How can we know?

它真能增益人與人聯繫嗎？

Well, more and more people are coming here, for one,

我們如何證實？

and as a result of the fireside chats

第一 ，越來越多人來阿克斯中心；

and a full calendar of programming,

還有，得力於壁爐前交流的魅力，

people are applying for the Arcus Fellowships.

以及全年度的豐富活動安排，

In fact, applications have increased tenfold for the Arcus Fellowship

很多人申請加入阿克斯會員。

since the building opened.

事實上，申請書

It's working. It's bringing people together.

從啟用那天到現在已增加了十倍。

So I've shown how architecture can connect people

它是成功的， 也成功拉近人們之間的距離。

on this kind of horizontal campus scale.

這些例子示範了建築設計 如何在這種平面式，

But we wondered if social relationships could be scaled up --

類似校園的空間中，拉近人的距離，

or rather, upward -- in tall buildings.

但我們也反問自己， 人際關係的孕育是否也能施展

Tall buildings don't necessarily lend themselves to being social buildings.

在高層建築物呢？

They can seem isolating and inward.

高層大樓本身 就不是以交流作為重點。

You might only see people in those awkward elevator rides.

它們看起來就是孤獨和內斂的；

But in several major cities, I've been designing tall buildings

通常我們只是在搭電梯的 尷尬時刻相遇。

that are based on creating relationships between people.

但我在幾個大都市設計了

This is Aqua.

以強化人際關係為目的高層大廈，

It's a residential high-rise in Chicago

像這個大樓叫做水廈，

aimed at young urban professionals and empty nesters,

是在芝加哥的高層住宅，

many of them new to the city.

住戶對像是年輕的都市專業人士 和空巢父母，

With over 700 apartments, we wanted to see if we could use architecture

很多住戶還是首次定居在芝加哥。

to help people get to know their neighbors,

這大廈擁有超過 700 單位， 我們試者使用建築設計

even when their homes are organized in the vertical dimension.

幫助鄰居建立新的友誼。

So we invented a way to use balconies as the new social connectors.

縱然這些單位都是垂直組織的，

The shapes of the floor slabs vary slightly and they transition

我們突破地利用陽台為社交連接器。

as you go up the tower.

每層的樓面線條略有不同，

The result of this is that you can actually see people

從下往上，

from your balcony.

這個設計的結果是

The balconies are misregistered.

你可在陽台上看到其他人。

You can lean over your balcony and say, "Hey!"

陽台之周邊線 更是上下層參差不一的：

just like you would across the backyard.

你大可以在陽台上彎身 往下大喊 「嗨！」

To make the balconies more comfortable

就像在傳統平房的後花園 一樣的喊叫鄰居。

for a longer period of time during the year,

為了讓住戶用陽台時更舒服，

we studied the wind with digital simulations,

同時在四季中， 盡量增長享用陽台的時間，

so the effect of the balcony shapes breaks up the wind

我們用電腦模擬風向，

and confuses the wind

來確定陽台之形狀可以緩沖風力，

and makes the balconies more comfortable and less windy.

讓風渦相沖，

Now, just by being able to go outside on your balcony

以致讓陽台更舒適和少受風擊。

or on the third floor roof terrace,

現在，你只要走到陽台，

you can be connected to the outdoors,

或站在三樓的樓頂花園上，

even when you're way above the ground plane.

你就能置身在戶外當中，

So the building acts to create community

就算你是遙遙高離地面。

within the building and the city at the same time.

所以這建築成功地建立鄰居關係，

It's working.

不管在大樓內，或都市內，

And people are starting to meet each other on the building surface

它都是成功的。

and we've heard --

大樓的住戶開始在牆外之陽台相遇，

(Laughter)

我們聽過──

they've even starting getting together as couples.

（笑聲）

But besides romantic relationships,

也有變成情侶夫妻的。

the building has a positive social effect

但是除了情侶關係，

on the community,

這大樓確實可以把正能量

as evidenced by people starting groups together

帶到鄰居之中。

and starting big projects together,

這一點可以從住戶自動組成小組，

like this organic community garden on the building's roof terrace.

一起做些大項目來證明，

So I've shown how tall buildings can be social connectors,

就像這個在大廈頂的有機公眾花園。

but what about public architecture?

我已示範高層大樓 真的可以成為社交樞紐。

How can we create better social cohesion in public buildings

可是在公共建築也可以嗎？

and civic spaces,

我們如何能使公共建築和公民空間

and why is it important?

增益社會凝聚呢？

Public architecture is just not as successful

為什麼這點很重要呢？

if it comes from the top down.

公共建築一般都不會很成功：

About 15 years ago in Chicago,

如果它是上層決定的。

they started to replace old police stations,

大概十五年前在芝加哥，

and they built this identical model all over the city.

政府開始重建老舊的警察局。

And even though they had good intentions

政府最終在全市中蓋了 外形一樣的警察局。

of treating all neighborhoods equally,

雖然政府用意是好的，

the communities didn't feel invested in the process

想平等對待每一個社區；

or feel a sense of ownership of these buildings.

但是後果是社區的居民 都不覺得有參與感，

It was equality in the sense that everybody gets the same police station,

更對這些建築物沒有歸屬感。

but it wasn't equity in the sense of responding

政府很公平地給每一區 外貌一樣的警察局，

to each community's individual needs.

但是從回應每個社區的個別需求上，

And equity is the key issue here.

不是平等的。

You know, in my field, there's a debate

實質的公眾得益才是關鍵。

about whether architecture can even do anything

在建築行業中，

to improve social relationships.

對於到底建築設計是否真正能做到

But I believe that we need architecture and every tool in our tool kit

促進社會關係，仍有爭議。

to improve these relationships.

但我相信，我們可以利用建築設計 和我們擁有的每一個工具，

In the US, policy reforms have been recommended

來改善這些人際關係。

in order to rebuild trust.

在美國，為了重建社會信任感，

But my team and I wondered

有些人推薦了政策改革。

if design and a more inclusive design process

但是我的團隊和我試想

could help add something positive to this policy conversation.

設計本身和多容性的設計過程，

We asked ourselves simply:

或許可在政策方面的討論中加分。

Can design help rebuild trust?

我們問自己，

So we reached out to community members and police officers in North Lawndale;

設計能否真的修復信任呢？

it's a neighborhood in Chicago

我們聯絡了北隆戴爾區的 社區人員和警察。

where the police station is perceived as a scary fortress

這區是位於芝加哥市中；

surrounded by a parking lot.

區民都視警察局為一座可怕的，

In North Lawndale, people are afraid of police

被停車場圍繞著的堡壘。

and of going anywhere near the police station,

在北隆戴爾，區民都很害怕警察，

even to report a crime.

甚至不敢走近警察局，

So we organized this brainstorming session

甚至去報案。

with both groups participating,

所以我們安排了一場腦力激盪會議，

and we came up with this whole new idea for the police station.

由警察和區民共同參與的。

It's called "Polis Station."

最後我們討論出一個 警察局的全新概念：

"Polis" is a Greek word that means a place with a sense of community.

我們稱之為「波樂司」（Polis） 。

It's based on the idea

波樂司是希臘城邦的意思： 是一個有社區意義的地方。

that if you can increase opportunities for positive social interactions

這概念是：

between police and community members,

如果你能夠增加

you can rebuild that relationship

警察和區民之間正向的接觸機會，

and activate the neighborhood at the same time.

就可以重建友善的關係。

Instead of the police station as a scary fortress,

這一來，也同時能夠 活化整個社區。

you get highly active spaces on the public side of the station --

警察局不再是一座可怕的堡壘，

places that spark conversation,

取而代之是一個在警察局內的 一個生氣勃勃的公用空間，

like a barbershop, a coffee shop

一個能鼓勵談話的空間，

or sports courts as well.

像在理髮店裡，或是咖啡廳內，

Both cops and kids said they love sports.

或是在運動場。

These insights came directly from the community members

警察和青年人都一致說 他們熱愛運動。

and the police officers themselves,

這概念全是由區民

and as designers, our role was just to connect the dots

和警察們提出來的。

and suggest the first step.

我們設計師的使命 就是把這些概念連貫起來，

So with the help of the city and the parks,

協助把這些落實而已。

we were able to raise funds and design and build a half-court,

還好，我們獲得社區和 公園管理局的幫忙；

right on the police station parking lot.

我們得以籌款、設計、 以及建造一個小形籃球場，

It's a start.

就在警察局的停車場中。

But is it rebuilding trust?

這是一個起步。

The people in North Lawndale say the kids are using the courts every day

這樣是否真的能重建互信呢？

and they even organize tournaments like this one shown here,

住在北隆戴爾區的居民說 小孩每天都在籃球場玩，

and once in a while an officer joins in.

甚至還有策劃比賽， 像這裡顯示的一樣，

But now, they even have basketballs inside the station

偶爾會有一位警察參加。

that kids can borrow.

現在，在警局內也建了 一個室內籃球場了，

And recently they've asked us to expand the courts

孩子們可以借用。

and build a park on the site.

最近，他們請我們擴大這些籃球場，

And parents report something astonishing.

還要蓋一個公園在現場。

Before, there was fear of going anywhere the station, and now they say

家長報告了一些讓人驚訝的事情：

there's a sense that the court is safer than other courts nearby,

以往，大家都怕接近警察局；

and they prefer their kids to play here.

如今，他們覺得這籃球場 比附近的其他籃球場安全多了。

So maybe in the future,

父母都情願小孩在這裡玩。

on the public side of the station,

所以，或許將來

you might be able to drop in for a haircut at the barbershop

在警察局內的市民開放區域，

or reserve the community room for a birthday party

很可能你可以進來剪個頭髪，

or renew your driver's license

或預約公用禮堂來舉行生日派對，

or get money out of an ATM.

或申請延長駕照等，

It can be a place for neighbors to meet each other

或在櫃員機拿錢。

and to get to know the officers, and vice versa.

此處也可以是區民互相見面的地方，

This is not a utopian fantasy.

以及和警察互相認識的地方。

It's about how do you design to rebuild trust,

這絕對不是個烏托邦幻想：

trusting relationships?

問題是要懂得 如何用設計來建立互信，

You know, every city has parks, libraries, schools

增強信任的關係？

and other public buildings

眾所周知，每個都市都有 公園、圖書館、學校等，

that have the potential to be reimagined as social connectors.

和其他公共設施。

But reimagining the buildings for the future is going to require

這些都有潛質 成為突破性的社交連接器。

engaging the people who live there.

但要重新想像未來的建築如何重建，

Engaging the public can be intimidating, and I've felt that, too.

首先必定要讓當地的民眾參與。

But maybe that's because in architecture school,

讓民眾參與有些嚇人， 我本人也感受過。

we don't really learn how to engage the public in the act of design.

或許是因為在上建築課程時，

We're taught to defend our design against criticism.

我們都沒學過 如何引導市民參與設計。

But I think that can change, too.

我們只學到如何去辯解 市民對我們設計的批評。

So if we can focus the design mind

但我相信這是可以改變的：

on creating positive, reinforcing relationships

只要我們一心關注如何利用設計