(Laughter)

你對你的老闆厭倦了嗎？

Are you tired of going to work

（笑聲）

and making money for other people?

你對於去上班，

And who are those people anyways?

並為其他人賺錢感到厭倦了嗎？

Those people that make money from your work.

那些人到底是誰？

Well, they're capitalists.

從你的工作賺錢的那些人。

They have capital,

他們是資本家。

and they use your labor to make more capital.

他們有資本，

So if you're tired of going to work

他們用你的勞力來賺更多的資本。

and making money for other people,

所以如果你厭倦了上班

then you're probably like me --

並為其他人賺錢，

just tired of capitalism.

那麼你可能就跟我很像

Which is ironic, because I'm a capitalist.

就是厭倦了資本家。

(Laughter)

這很諷刺，因為我本身就是資本家。

I own a small business --

（笑聲）

Rco Tires in Compton.

我擁有一間小型企業

A few years ago, when I read Van Jones,

位於康普頓的 Rco Tires（輪胎行）。

and he wrote, "Let's make green collar jobs in the hood,"

幾年前，當我在閱讀 范瓊斯的作品時，

I took him really seriously.

他寫到：「讓我們在鄰里間 創造綠領工作。」

So I cofounded, own and operate a tire recycling company,

我很認真看待他說的話。

and I'm really proud of what we've done.

所以我與人合夥，擁有並 經營一間輪胎回收公司，

So far, we've recycled a hundred million pounds of rubber.

我對於我們所做的，感到十分驕傲。

That's 21 million gallons of oil diverted from landfills

目前為止，我們已經 回收了一億磅的橡膠。

into new products.

等同是將 2100 萬加侖的石油 從垃圾掩埋場轉移出來，

(Cheers)

做成新產品。

We also employ about 15 guys --

（歡呼）

mostly people of color,

我們也僱用了約十五個人…

most of whom are felons,

大部份是有色人種，

and we pay above the minimum wage,

他們大部份是重罪犯，

and we are now proud members of the United Steelworkers Union.

我們給他們的薪資高於最低薪資，

(Applause)

而且我們現在自豪 是鋼鐵工人聯合會的成員。

Now, Rco is not a cooperative now.

（掌聲）

It's a privately held company with community-minded ownership,

Rco 不是一間合作社。

but I would like it to become one.

它是間私人控股公司， 其擁有者有著社區思維，

I would like for them to fire the boss --

但我想要變成一間合作社。

that's me.

我希望他們能開除老闆

(Laughter)

也就是我。

And I'm going to tell you why,

（笑聲）

but first, let me tell you how we got started.

我等等會告訴你們為什麼，

So a lot of people ask,

但先讓我先談談我們是如何開始的。

"How did Rco come to be?"

很多人問：

And I have to be really honest.

「Rco 是怎麼誕生的？」

I leveraged my white privilege.

我要很老實說，

So, here's how white privilege worked for me and Rco.

我善用了我的白人特權。

My white grandmother was born on her family's plantation

以下是白人特權如何幫助我與 Rco。

in Arkansas in 1918.

我的白人奶奶在 她家族的大農園出生，

She traveled with her white father west,

地點在阿肯色州，時間是 1918 年。

following the oil boom.

她與她的白人父親向西行，

And he held various union oil jobs --

追隨石油開發的熱潮。

jobs which would have never been given to my black great-grandfather,

他做過各種石油公會的相關工作，

had he lived here at the time.

這些工作是我黑人曾祖父 永遠不可能得到的工作，

Granny became a hairdresser

如果他那時還在世的話。

and then got a loan with her husband

奶奶成了理髮師，

who built their home in West Los Angeles --

接著與爺爺取得了貸款，

a loan which would never have been given to a black family at the time.

在西洛杉磯建造了他們的家。

And after my grandfather passed away,

當時黑人家庭是不可能取得貸款的。

my granny was able to keep that house

在我爺爺過世後，

because she had his pension and his health care

我奶奶得以留住那間房子，

from a state job which he held,

因為她有他的退休金 和他的健康照護，

which again, would have never been given to a black man

這些是來自於他在州政府的工作，

before the anti-discrimination act of the 1960s.

同樣的，在 60 年代 反歧視法案之前，

So, you fast-forward 30 years,

黑人也是不可能得到這種工作的。

and I graduate,

所以，快轉三十年後，

and I want to start my own business

我畢業了，

with a pile of debt and a credit card,

我想開創自己的事業，

and no experience in the tire industry.

但卻背著一堆負債和一張信用卡，

But I had what most people didn't have.

完全沒有輪胎產業的經驗。

I had a clean, safe, free place to live.

但我擁有的，大部份人都沒有。

I moved in with my grandmother,

我有一個乾淨、安全、 免費的地方可以住。

and I was able to rent our first warehouse,

我搬去和奶奶住，

buy our first truck,

我想辦法租了我們的第一間倉庫，

pay our first employees,

買了第一台卡車，

because I didn't have to worry about paying myself,

支薪給我們的第一批員工，

because I didn't need to feed myself,

因為我不用擔心支薪給我自己，

because I am the direct beneficiary of generations of white privilege.

因為我不需要養我自己，

Now, telling the story of white privilege is important

因為我是世世代代 白人特權的直接受益人。

because very often people say,

明白白人特權的故事很重要，

"Oh, we want more companies like yours.

因為人們常會說：

We want more Rco's,

「我們想要更多像你這樣的公司。

we want more black-owned businesses,

我們想要更多 Rco，

female-led, triple bottom line,

我們想要更多企業是由黑人所擁有、

Ban the Box,

女性來領導、三重底線的公司架構、

green manufacturing companies," right?

不詢問犯罪記錄

But the question we have to ask is, where is the wealth?

的綠色製造商。」對吧？

Where is the money?

但我們該問的問題是， 財富資源在哪裡？

Where's the capital in our communities

錢在哪裡？

to build the types of businesses that we want?

社群中，用來建立

And in telling a story of the white side of my family,

我們所想要的這種企業的資本在哪裡？

I needed a dozen ways

在訴說我白人家庭這一邊的故事時，

where blacks were excluded from the economy,

我有很多故事可以說明，

whereas the white side of my family was able to gain access and traction,

為什麼故事中的黑人 被排除在經濟體之外，

and build wealth ...

而我家庭的白人這一邊 卻能獲得進入與引介的門檻，

Primarily because racism and capitalism are best homies, but --

並建立起財富的故事。

(Laughter)

主因是種族主義與資本主義是好朋友，

but what that means is that when we ask ourselves,

（笑聲）

"Why are our communities broke?" --

但那意味著，當我們自問：

Like, we're not just broke because we're broke;

「為什麼我們的社群會缺乏資金？」

we're broke for a reason.

我們並不只是缺乏資金而缺錢，

Historical context really does matter.

我們沒錢是有原因的。

But our history tells another story as well.

這當中歷史背景 扮演了重要的角色。

There's this incredible book called "Collective Courage,"

但我們的歷史也說了另一個故事。

which is the story of how thousands of African Americans

有一本很棒的書叫「集體勇氣」，

have been able to build businesses and schools,

內容是關於數千名非裔美國人

hospitals, farming cooperatives,

如何能夠建立起事業、學校、

banks, financial institutions --

醫院、農業合作社、

entire communities and sovereign economies,

銀行、金融機構，

without a lot of capital.

整個社區以及獨立自主的經濟，

And they did it by working together

而且是從小資本開始建立起來的。

and leveraging their community assets

他們能辦到，是因為能同心協力，

and trusting each other

利用社群的資產槓桿，

and putting solidarity first --

並相信彼此，

not just profits by any means necessary.

將團結擺在第一，

And they didn't have to wait around for celebrities and athletes

而不是不計一切只追求利潤。

to bring their money back to the hood.

他們不需要等待名人或運動員

However, if you are a celebrity or an athlete,

把錢帶回到他們的街坊。

and you're listening to this,

然而，如果你是名人或運動員，

please feel free to bring your money.

且你正在聽這場演講，

(Laughter)

請別客氣，把你的錢 帶進來一起投資。

But they did it through cooperative economics,

（笑聲）

because they knew

但他們是透過「合作型經濟」辦到的，

that capitalism was never going to finance black liberation.

因為他們知道，

So, there are so many great examples in this book,

資本從未資助過解放後的黑人。

and I suggest that everybody just read it

在這本書中有許多很棒的例子，

because it answers the question I asked earlier,

我建議大家都去找這本書來看，

which was where are we going to get the wealth

因為它回答了我先前問的問題，

to build the types of business that we want.

也就是：我們要從哪裡得到財富資源

And the answer is going to have to be cooperative economics.

來建立起我們想要的企業類型？

There's a lot of different versions of cooperativism.

而答案就是合作型經濟。

What I'm talking about today is worker ownership.

合作的方式有很多種不同的版本。

You may not have heard of worker ownership,

我今天要談的是勞動者所有權。

but it's been an incredible tool

你可能沒聽過勞動者所有權，

for black economic liberation for a century,

但它是近一個世紀中

and it's also working all over the world right now.

黑人經濟自由的極佳工具，

You may have heard of Black Wall Street

且全世界都在用它。

or maybe the Zapatistas,

你們可能有聽過黑色華爾街，

but I'll give you an example that's a little bit closer to home.

或薩帕塔民族解放軍，

Right now, today, in South Bronx,

但我要舉個 離我家鄉更近的例子。

is the country's largest worker-owned company.

目前，在南布隆克斯區，

It's called Cooperative Home Care Associates,

有一間全國最大的 勞動者所有權的公司。

and it was founded by black and Latinx home care workers

它叫「合作家庭護理聯營公司」，

who are now able to pay themselves living wages,

它是由黑人及拉丁裔的 家庭護理工作者所成立的，

they have full-time hours,

他們現在有能力可支付自己 足以維生的薪水，

they have benefits and a pension,

他們做全職工作，

through their membership as a unit of SEIU.

他們也有津貼和退休金，

And these women owners now receive a dividend back on their ownership

因為他們也是 SEIU （服務業雇員國際聯合會 ）的會員。

every year that the company has been profitable,

現在這些女性所有權人 可以透過她們自己的股份

which has been most years.

每年從公司獲利中獲得股息，

So they're able to really enjoy the fruits of their labor

而公司也幾乎都年年獲利。

because they fired the boss.

所以她們得以享受 她們付出勞力的成果，

They don't have any big investors.

因為她們開除了老闆。

They don't have fat-cat CEOs

她們沒有任何大型投資者。

or absentee owners taking the profit out of the company.

她們沒有肥貓型的執行長，

They each pay in about 1,000 dollars over time

或總是缺席卻能從公司 拿走獲利的所有權人。

in order to gain ownership,

她們每個人隨著時間存入一千美元，

and now they own their job.

以取得所有權，

Now, there's hundreds of more examples of companies like this

而現在她們擁有她們的工作。

springing up all across the country.

像這樣的公司，還有數百個例子，

And I'm so inspired by what they're doing,

在全國各地出現。

because it really represents an alternative

我被他們的所做所為給激勵到，

to the type of economy we have now,

因為這確實代表著， 我們除了目前這種剝削

which exploits all of us.

所有人的經濟類型之外，

It also represents an alternative

我們還有另一種 替代方案可以選擇。

to waiting around for big investors to bring chain stores,

也就是說，我們除了等大型投資者

or big-box stores to our communities,

把連鎖商店或倉儲式商店 帶進我們社區之外，

because honestly, those types of developments,

我們還有另一個替代方案，

they steal resources from our communities.

因為，老實說，這類大型企業的發展，

They put our mom-and-pop shops out of business,

都是在偷走我們社區的資源。

they make our entrepreneurs into wage workers,

它們讓夫妻經營的小店關門大吉，

and they take money out of our pocket

它們讓我們的企業家 變成領薪水的勞工，

and send it to their shareholders.

它們從我們的口袋把錢拿走，

So, I was so inspired by all these stories of resistance and resilience

分給他們的股東。

that I got together with a few people here in Los Angeles,

所以，我受到這些抵抗大型企業 且韌性堅強的故事所激勵，

and we created LUCI.

所以我在洛杉磯這裡 招集了幾個人，

LUCI stands for the Los Angeles Union Cooperative Initiative,

我們一起創立了 LUCI。

and our objective is to create more worker-owned businesses

LUCI 是洛杉磯 聯合合作創始會的縮寫，

here in Los Angeles.

我們的方針是要在洛杉磯創立更多

So far, in the last year, we've created two:

由勞動者擁有的企業。

Pacific Electric, an electrical company,

目前為止，在去年我們創立了兩家：

and Vermont Gage Carwash,

一間叫「太平洋電氣」的電氣公司、

which is right here in South-Central,

以及「Vermont Gage 洗車場」，

some of you guys might be familiar with it.

它就在中南區這裡，

This long-time carwash is now owned and operated by its 20 workers,

你們當中有些人可能很熟悉。

all of whom are union members as well.

這個歷史悠久的洗車場現在是由 20 個勞動者所擁有和經營，

(Applause)

他們也都是工會的成員。

So you might be wondering why the focus on union-worker ownership,

（掌聲）

but there's a lot of good reasons

你們可能會好奇，為什麼我們會著重 工會勞工所有權式的聯合公司？

why the labor movement is a natural ally to the worker-ownership movement.

有很多很好的理由可說明

To build these companies that we want in our community,

為什麼勞工運動很自然會 和勞動者所有權運動有所關聯。

we need a few things.

為了要在社區 建立起我們希望的公司，

We're going to need money, people and training.

我們需要幾樣東西。

Unions have all of those things.

我們需要錢、人及訓練。

America's working class has been paying union dues for decades,

這些都是工會可以提供的。

and with it, our unions have been building

美國的勞工階級數十年來， 一直都在支付工會的會費，

dignified, decent, and democratic workplaces for us.

工會運用些會費

However, union jobs are on the steep decline,

為我們建立有尊嚴的、 體面的、民主的工作環境。

and it's time for us to start calling on our unions

然而屬於工會的工作正快速減少，

to really bring all of their financial and political capital

該是我們呼籲工會，

to bear in the creation of new, union, living-wage jobs

請他們確實把他們的 財務及政治資本

in our communities.

帶來協助我們的社區，

Also, union halls are full of union members

創建新的、工會的， 且足以維生的薪水工作。

who understand the importance of solidarity

此外，工會裡有很多工會成員，

and the power of collective action.

他們都了解團結的重要性，

These are the types of folks that want more union businesses to exist,

以及集體行動的影響力。

so let's build them with them.

這群人也希望有更多 工會性質的企業能生存下來，

Learning from our unions,

所以大家要一起與工會 建立起這樣的企業。

learning from our past,

向我們的工會學習，

learning from our peers,

向我們的過去學習，

are all going to be very important to our success,

向我們的同儕學習，

which is why I'd like to leave you with one last example

這些都對我們的成功都非常重要，

and a vision for the future ...

這就是為什麼我要 再給各位最後一個例子，

and that vision is Mondragon, Spain.

以及對未來的願景。

Mondragon, Spain is a community built entirely around worker cooperatives.

那個願景就是西班牙的蒙德拉貢公司。

There's 260-plus businesses here,

蒙德拉貢公司完全是由 勞動者所建立的聯合社群。

manufacturing everything from bicycles to washing machines to transformers.

裡面有 260 間以上的企業，

And this group of businesses now employs 80,000 people

製造各種東西，從腳踏車、 洗衣機，到變壓器都有。

and earns more than 12 billion euros in revenue every year.

整個企業集團現在 共僱用了八萬名員工，

And all of the companies there are owned by the people that work in them.

年收益超過 120 億歐元。

They've also built universities and hospitals and financial institutions.

那裡所有的公司都由 在公司裡工作的人所擁有。

I mean, imagine if we could build something like this in South-Central.

他們也建造了大學、醫院、金融機構。

The late mayor of Jackson had a similar idea.

想像一下，如果我們在中南區 也能建立這樣的社區，會如何。

He wanted to turn his entire city into a Mondragon-like cooperative economy,

已逝的前市長傑克森有過類似的點子，

calling his ambitious plan "Jackson Rising."

他想要把整個城市轉變成 類似蒙德拉貢的合作經濟體，

And when I look at Mondragon,

他把這個很有野心的計畫 稱為「傑克森起義」。

I see really what working-class people can do for ourselves

當我在看蒙德拉貢時，

when we work together

我真的看到工薪階級 能為自己做些什麼，

and make decisions for ourselves and each other

當我們團結在一起時，

and our communities.

真的能為自己、彼此，及社區

And what's really incredible about Mondragon

做出決策。

is that while we are dreaming about them,

關於蒙德拉貢公司，還有很妙的一點，

they are dreaming about us.

就是當我們夢想成為他們時，

This community in Spain has decided to launch an international initiative

他們卻在夢想成為我們。

to create more communities like it all over the world,

這個西班牙社群決定要推出 全球性的創始會員活動，

by linking up with unions,

以在全世界創造出更多 像它這樣的社區，

by supporting organizations like LUCI,

做法包括與聯合會做連結、

and by educating folks about the worker-ownership model.

支持像 LUCI 這類的組織、

Now, here's what you can do to be a part of it.

以及教導人們認識 「勞動者所有權」的公司模式。

If you're a union member, go to your union meetings,

如果你想成為一員，你可以做的是：

and make sure that your union has a worker-ownership initiative,

如果你是工會成員， 請去參加你的工會會議，

and become a part of it.

並確保你的工會有 勞動者所有權的創始機制，

If you're an entrepreneur,

並加入成為它的一部份。

if you have a small business,

如果你是企業家，