Name: 【TED】新井理子。機器人能通過大學入學考試嗎？(機器人能通過大學入學考試嗎？新井典子) (【TED】Noriko Arai: Can a robot pass a university entrance exam? (Can a robot pass a university entrance exam? | Noriko Arai))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:30:54.000Z
Duration: 13 min 38 s

現在進行式

Today, I'm going to talk about AI and us.

譯者: Judy Wan-Ling CHEN 審譯者: Wilde Luo

頻率副詞

今天我要跟大家聊聊 「人工智慧與你我」，

to 不定詞

because only menial jobs will be taken over by machines.

因為機器只會取代那些 乏味枯燥的粗活。

They have also said that AI will create new jobs,

so those who lose their jobs will find a new one.

他們也說過人工智慧 可以創造新的工作，

因此那些失業的人還是可以再就業。

How many of those who may lose their jobs to AI

especially when AI is smart enough to learn better than most of us?

尤其當人工智慧已經成熟到 比大多數人都能更有效率地學習？

that AI will pass the entrance examination of a top university by 2020?

人工智慧將可以通過 頂尖大學的入學測驗的人，請舉手。

So some of you may say, "Of course, yes!"

相當多人會認為：「那當然！」

現在「人工智慧的奇點」 是個熱門話題。

because AI already won against a top Go player."

人工智慧都已經打敗過 世界頂尖的圍棋高手了。」

That means we do not know the answer yet, right?

也有一些人持不同看法： 「絕對不可能。嗯，就是這樣。」

So that was the reason why I started Todai Robot Project,

這說明了我們其實還沒有 真正的答案，不是嗎？

making an AI which passes the entrance examination

這就是我啟動 「東大機器人計畫」的始末，

And, of course, the brain of the robot is working in the remote server.

當然，它正接受遠端伺服器遙控著。

Why did I take the entrance exam as its benchmark?

Because I thought we had to study the performance of AI

為什麼當初要將入學考試 作為一個標竿？

因為我想，我們有必要研究人工智慧

which are believed to be acquired only by humans

尤其那些有規模 跟特殊性的專長領域，

向來我們都相信 這些技能和知識惟有人類

you have to pass two different types of exams.

要考上日本的 第一學府，東京大學，

The first one is a national standardized test

第一個是日本高考， 全國標準化的測驗，

I would say like an 85 percent or more accuracy rate --

to be allowed to take the second stage written test

大概要達到 85% 以上的正確率——

才可以獲准進入第二階段筆試，

So let me first explain how modern AI works,

taking the "Jeopardy!" challenge as an example.

先讓我說明一下 當代的人工智慧運作的方式，

舉一個 「Jeopardy!」 《危險邊緣》 的例子。

"Mozart's last symphony shares its name with this planet."

Interestingly, a "Jeopardy!" question always asks,

「莫札特最後創作的交響曲 跟這個星球同名。」

In other words, "Jeopardy!" doesn't ask many different types of questions,

「這個」星球、「這個」國家，

「這個」搖滾樂手 或「這個」什麼什麼。

也就是說，《危險邊緣》 沒有太多類型的題目，

If you do not know the answer and if you want to know the answer,

假如我們不知道答案， 但是又想要知道，

But you have to pick appropriate keywords

like "Mozart," "last" and "symphony" to search.

Then this Wikipedia page will be ranked top.

譬如輸入像「莫札特」、 「最後」跟「交響曲」去搜尋。

維基百科的頁面就會出現在最上頭。

所以機器人就開始 「讀」這個頁面嗎？

不幸的是，所有當代的智慧機器人，

But they are very good at searching and optimizing.

無論是 IBM 的華生、蘋果的 Siri 或是東大機器人，

that the keywords "Mozart," "last" and "symphony"

但是它們在搜尋跟 得到最佳化結果上很在行。

So if it can find a word which is a planet

「莫札特」、「最後」 跟「交響曲」，

and which is co-occurring with these keywords,

接著繼續尋找屬於星球的詞彙，

This is how Watson finds the answer "Jupiter," in this case.

是跟前述這些關鍵字同時出現的，

Our Todai Robot works similarly, but a bit smarter

華生就是這樣找到「木星」的。

like, "'Charlemagne repelled the Magyars.' Is this sentence true or false?"

東大機器人的運作方式很接近， 但在回答歷史科目的

Our robot starts producing a factoid question,

like: "Charlemagne repelled [this person type]" by itself.

例如： 查理曼大帝擊敗馬札爾人，

Then, "Avars" but not "Magyars" is ranked top.

機器人自動轉換為一道 趣味小問題，

Our robot does not read, does not understand,

變成：「 查理曼大帝 擊敗了這一種人」。

but it is statistically correct in many cases.

結果最上頭出現了「阿瓦爾人」 而非「馬札爾人」。

所以這個陳述句很可能是錯誤的。

it is required to write a 600-word essay like this one:

[Discuss the rise and fall of the maritime trade

但從統計學角度評估， 卻具有高準確度。

in East and Southeast Asia in the 17th century ...]

受測者必須寫一篇 600 字的論文，

our robot took the sentences from the textbooks and Wikipedia,

（闡述 17 世紀時東亞與東南亞 海上貿易的興衰……）

我們的機器人將教科書 與維基百科的句子

But surprisingly, it wrote a better essay

【TED】新井理子。機器人能通過大學入學考試嗎？(機器人能通過大學入學考試嗎？新井典子) (【TED】Noriko Arai: Can a robot pass a university entrance exam? (Can a robot pass a university entrance exam? | Noriko Arai))

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【TED】新井理子。機器人能通過大學入學考試嗎？(機器人能通過大學入學考試嗎？新井典子) (【TED】Noriko Arai: Can a robot pass a university entrance exam? (Can a robot pass a university entrance exam? | Noriko Arai))

weird

multiple

expect

sentence