climate change.

我樂觀的原因還有這個：

Maybe you don't believe it, but here is the fact.

那便是氣候變化。

On December 12, 2015,

也許你們還不太相信， 然而這就是事實。

in Paris, under the United Nations,

2015年的12月12日

195 governments got together

在法國巴黎的聯合國大會上，

and unanimously --

195 個國家齊聚一堂，

if you've worked with governments, you know how difficult that is --

達成了一致的共識 ——

unanimously decided

如果各位和政府打過交道， 各位應該知道這非常困難，

to intentionally change the course of the global economy

全體達成一致的共識，

in order to protect the most vulnerable

傾全心改變全球經濟的發展，

and improve the life of all of us.

來保障最弱勢的族群，

Now, that is a remarkable achievement.

並提升我們所有人的生活。

(Applause)

這真的是一項了不起的成就。

But it is even more remarkable

（掌聲）

if you consider where we had been just a few years ago.

然而，更不得了的地方是，

2009, Copenhagen.

如果各位回想一下，就在幾年前，

Who remembers Copenhagen?

2009年，在哥本哈根的會議。

Well, after years of working toward a climate agreement,

誰還記得哥本哈根會議？

the same governments convened in Copenhagen

經過了長年累月 有關氣候協議的努力，

and failed miserably.

同樣的與會國家 被召集到哥本哈根，

Why did it fail miserably?

結局卻是慘不忍睹。

For many different reasons,

為什麽會這樣呢？

but primarily because of the deeply entrenched divide

理由有很多，

between the global North and the global South.

但最主要是因為 存在於南北半球國家之間，

So now, six months after this failure,

那根深蒂固的分歧。

I was called in to assume the responsibility

然而如今，在失敗過後的六個月，

of the global climate change negotiations.

我被委任接受這項

You can imagine, the perfect moment to start this new job.

全球氣候變化談判的職責。

The global mood on climate change was in the trash can.

你可以想像，現在開始進行 這項新工作真的是最佳時刻啊！

No one believed

全球對氣候變化的關懷 簡直是被丟到垃圾桶了。

that a global agreement could ever be possible.

根本沒有人會相信

In fact, neither did I.

全球能在此問題上達成共識。

If you promise not to tell anyone outside of this wonderful TED audience,

實際上，我也是這麽想的。

I'm going to divulge a secret

如果在座優秀的 TED 觀眾， 大家保證能守口如瓶的話，

that has been gratefully buried by history.

我準備告訴各位一個秘密，

On my first press conference,

這個秘密一直被 歷史完好封存著。

a journalist asked, "Um, Ms. Figueres,

在我首次的新聞發布會上，

do you think that a global agreement is ever going to be possible?"

有名記者提問到： “ 嗯，菲格雷斯女士，

And without engaging brain, I heard me utter,

妳認為全球共識有可能實現嗎？”

"Not in my lifetime."

我大腦還沒反應過來時， 卻聽見自己竟脫口說出，

Well, you can imagine the faces of my press team

“我這輩子都不可能...”

who were horrified at this crazy Costa Rican woman

各位可以想象我的 新聞團隊他們臉上的表情，

who was their new boss.

大家都被這個來自 哥斯達黎加的瘋女人嚇到，

And I was horrified, too.

而且這個女人 還是他們的新上司。

Now, I wasn't horrified at me, because I'm kind of used to myself.

其實，我當時也被自己嚇到了。

I was actually horrified

我並非被那個自己 早已習慣的風格所嚇到，

at the consequences of what I had just said,

我真正害怕的是，

at the consequences for the world

我說出去的話所帶來的後果，

in which all our children are going to have to live.

及這個我們子子孫孫 都還要生活的世界

It was frankly a horrible moment for me,

所帶來的後果。

and I thought, well, no, hang on,

那一刻對我來說真是可怕，

hang on.

然後我想，不，等等，

Impossible is not a fact,

等等，

it's an attitude.

「不可能」不是一個 既定的事實，

It's only an attitude.

而是一種「態度」。

And I decided right then and there that I was going to change my attitude

這僅僅是一種態度。

and I was going to help the world change its attitude on climate change.

就在那刻， 我立刻改變了我的態度，

So I don't know --

我也要幫助這個世界， 來改變他們對氣候變化的態度。

No, just this? Thanks.

所以，我不知道——

I don't know --

不，就是這個？謝謝。

what you would do

我不知道——

if you were told your job is to save the planet.

如果你被告知你的工作是 要來拯救這個星球，

Put that on the job description.

你會怎麽做？

And you have full responsibility,

然後把它寫到你的工作描述中。

but you have absolutely no authority,

而且你要負起全責，

because governments are sovereign in every decision that they take.

但你卻完全沒有被授權，

Well, I would really love to know

因為政府才是每個決策 的最高統治者。

what you would do on the first Monday morning,

我著實很想了解，

but here's what I did: I panicked.

各位在第一個星期一 的早晨，會怎麽做？

(Laughter)

但我當時是：極度恐慌。

And then I panicked again,

（笑聲）

because I realized I have no idea how we're going to solve this problem.

接著，我還是感到害怕，

And then I realized I have no idea how we're going to solve this problem,

因為我意識到，我根本不知道 該如何解決這個問題。

but I do know one thing:

之後我還是一樣意識到， 我不知道該如何解決這個問題。

we have got to change the tone of this conversation.

但我知道一點：

Because there is no way you can deliver victory

我們必須要改變這樣的對話氛圍。

without optimism.

如果不積極去面對，

And here,

是不可能成功的。

I use optimism as a very simple word,

在此，

but let's understand it in its broader sense.

我用「正面向上」這個非常簡單的詞 來形容這件事的解決方式，

Let's understand it as courage,

但讓我們先從廣義層面上 來理解這個詞。

hope, trust, solidarity,

讓我們把它理解為勇氣、

the fundamental belief that we humans can come together

希望、信任以及齊心協力，

and can help each other to better the fate of mankind.

秉持著人類能夠團結在一起 的基本信念，

Well, you can imagine that I thought that without that,

以及能夠為了人類 將來的幸福而相互幫助。

there was no way we were going to get out of the paralysis of Copenhagen.

各位可以試想一下， 如果我不這麽想，

And for six years,

可能我們便沒有辦法 從哥本哈根的爛攤子裏走出來。

I have stubbornly, relentlessly injected optimism into the system,

這六年來，

no matter what the questions from the press --

我懷抱著不屈不饒的態度， 向這個體系注入樂觀主義，

and I have gotten better at those --

無論媒體會提出甚麼樣的質疑——

and no matter what the evidence to the contrary.

我現在變得更會處理這些質疑了——

And believe you me, there has been a lot of contrary evidence.

而且，無論對立面有著怎樣的證據。

But relentless optimism into the system.

相信我，反證一直有很多。

And pretty soon,

但隨著不屈不饒地 把樂觀主義帶入體系，

we began to see changes happening in many areas,

很快地，

precipitated by thousands of people,

我們開始在很多領域裏 看到了改變，

including many of you here today,

數以千計的人參與其中，

and I thank you.

也包括今天在座的各位，

And this TED community will not be surprised

對此，我向你們表達我的謝意。

if I tell you the first area

我想，TED 社群應該對我 待會要說的不會感到驚訝，

in which we saw remarkable change

我向各位報告，

was ...

我們所看到第一個 了不起改變的領域，

technology.

就是...

We began to see that clean technologies,

科技。

in particular renewable energy technologies,

我們開始看到新的綠能科技 一直陸陸續續出來，

began to drop price and increase in capacity,

特別是再生能源技術，

to the point where today we are already building

從降低成本開始， 到提升容量，

concentrated solar power plants

到如今我們已經建造出來的

that have the capacity to power entire cities,

太陽能發電廠，

to say nothing of the fact of what we are doing on mobility

可以產出足夠的能量 供給整個城市，

and intelligent buildings.

更不用提，我們現在

And with this shift in technologies,

正在建造的智慧行動建築物。

we were able to begin to understand

因這些科技的轉變，

that there was a shift in the economic equation,

我們也有能力開始了解到

because we were able to recognize

經濟模式上的轉變，

that yes, there are huge costs to climate change,

因為大家都認同...

and yes, there are compounded risks.

沒錯，氣候變化會讓我們 付出巨大的代價，

But there also are economic advantages

沒錯，其中也有各種風險。

and intrinsic benefits,

但也有經濟效益

because the dissemination of the clean technologies

及本質上的好處，

is going to bring us cleaner air,

因為綠能科技的散播，

better health,

能夠帶給我們更新鮮的空氣、

better transportation, more livable cities,

更健康的生活、

more energy security,

更順暢的交通、 更多的宜居城市、

more energy access to the developing world.

更多安全的能源，

In sum, a better world than what we have now.

以及能夠幫助更多 發展中國家能源的出口。

And with that understanding,

總而言之，一個比我們現在 還要好的世界。

you should have witnessed, in fact, part of you were,

有了這樣的體悟，

the spread of ingenuity and excitement

各位應該都已見證到，事實上，

that went through, first through nonnational governments,

部分人已經感受到 聰明才智和興奮的蔓延，

the private sector, captains of industry, insurance companies,

已經首先蔓延到非國家政府組織，

investors, city leaders, faith communities,

私營企業、資本產業、保險公司、

because they all began to understand, this actually can be in their interest.

投資人、城市領導人、宗教團體，

This can actually improve their bottom line.

因為他們都開始了解， 這著實和他們的切身利益有關。

And it wasn't just the usual suspects.

這確實可以帶給他們很多好處。

I have to tell you I had the CEO of a major, major oil and gas company

而這並不是常有的事。

come to me at the beginning of last year

我必須告訴各位，我有位大型 石油天然氣公司的首席執行官，

and say --

在去年年初的時候找到我，

privately, of course --

和我說道 --

he did not know how he was going to change his company,

當然，是私底下 --

but he is going to change it,

他當時不知道 該如何改變目前的公司狀況，

because he's interested in long-term viability.

但是他有這個打算，

Well, now we have a shift in the economic equation,

因為他注重的是 公司長久的生存之道。

and with that, with broader support from everyone,

現在，我們在經濟平衡 方面有了轉變，

it did not take very long before we saw that national governments

而由於這個轉變 及大家廣泛的支持，

woke up to the fact that this is in their national interest.

不用多久的時間，我們就可以看到

And when we asked countries to begin to identify

各國政府在對自身國家利益上的覺醒 應該也快到來了。

how they could contribute to global efforts

而當我們開始要求各國政府提出計畫，

but based on their national interest,

如何在兼顧自己國家的利益前提下， 同時為全球做出貢獻，

189 countries out of 195,

195 個裡面，有189 個國家，

189 countries sent their comprehensive climate change plans,

這189個國家已經送出了

based on their national interest,

對氣候變化全方位的改善計畫。

concurrent with their priorities,

不僅基於國家利益上，

consistent with their national sustainable development plans.

他們的優先發展事項，

Well,

也都能與各國永續發展計劃相輔相成。

once you protect the core interests of nations,

當然，

then you can understand that nations were ready

一旦你保護了各國的核心利益，

to begin to converge onto a common path,

你就會了解到，各國也都準備好

onto a common direction of travel

開始通往同一條道路，

that is going to take us probably several decades,

大家為同一個方向努力，

but over those several decades is going to take us

這也許會花我們數十年的時間，

into the new economy,

但過了這數十年後，

into a decarbonized, highly resilient economy,

一個展新的經濟繁榮時代，

And the national contributions that are currently on the table

一個脫碳化、高強度晉升 的經濟時代。

on behalf of national governments

目前檯面上這些代表各國政府

are insufficient to get us to a stabilized climate,

對我們環境貢獻所提出的計畫

but they are only the first step,

雖然不足以帶給我們 一個穩定的氣候，

and they will improve over time.

但他們已經邁出了第一步，

And the measurement, reporting and verification of all of those efforts

而且他們會隨著時間，持續改進。

is legally binding.

而這些結果的衡量、匯報以及檢驗，

And the checkpoints that we're going to have every five years

都是具有法律約束力的。

to assess collective progress towards our goal are legally binding,

而我們每五年所要面對的檢驗關卡，

and the path itself toward a decarbonized and more resilient economy

包括為了達到我們目標 對總體進展的檢驗，

is legally binding.

以及通往減碳、強勁的 經濟復甦道路所進行的檢驗，

And here's the more important part:

都是具有法律約束力的。

What did we have before?

還有更重要的是：

A very small handful of countries

我們之前有的是什麼？

who had undertaken very reduced,

只有少數幾個國家，

short-term emission reduction commitments

做到了非常少量、

that were completely insufficient

短期的減碳承諾，

and furthermore, largely perceived as a burden.

但這根本完全不夠，

Now what do we have?

此外，很大程度上， 減碳被各國視為是一種負擔。

Now we have all countries of the world contributing with different intensities

那現在我們擁有什麼？

from different approaches in different sectors,

我們現在有的是，世界各個國家 用不同的方式

but all of them contributing to a common goal

在不同的區域、不同的領域 做出他們的貢獻，

and along a path

但大家都是為了同一個目標，

with environmental integrity.

朝著同一方向前進，

Well, once you have all of this in place

為全球永續環境努力。

and you have shifted this understanding,

一旦所有事物都適得其所，

then you see that governments were able to go to Paris

你也開始改變想法，

and adopt the Paris agreement.

那你就會看到各國政府 都有能力可以前往巴黎

(Applause)

並接受巴黎的協議。

So,

（掌聲）

as I look back

所以，

over the past six years,

當我回顧這一切，

first I remember

回顧過去的這六年，

the day the Paris agreement was adopted.

跳出的第一件事，

I cannot tell you the euphoria in the room.

便是巴黎協議被采納的那天。

5,000 people jumping out of their seats,

我無法形容當時 在那個空間裏的興奮度。

crying, clapping, screaming, yelling,

5000個人都高興的 從椅子上跳了起來，

torn between euphoria and still disbelief at what they had just seen,

哭泣，鼓掌，尖叫，吶喊著，

because so many people

大家高興到簡直不敢相信 他們剛剛所見證到的事情。

had worked for years towards this, and this was finally their reality.

因為有太多的人，

And it wasn't just those who had participated directly.

為達成這個目標努力了好幾年， 而現在終於實現了。

A few weeks ago, I was with a colleague

而這不僅僅是 直接參與的那些人很高興。

who was trying to decide

幾周前，我的一位同事也是，

on a Tahitian pearl that he wanted to give to his wonderful wife Natasha.

他當時在為他美麗的妻子Natasha，

And once he had finally decided what he was going to buy,

挑選大溪地珍珠作為禮物的時候。

the jeweler said to him,

在他最後決定要買哪一個的時候，

"You know, you're very lucky that you're buying this now,

珠寶店員和他說道，

because these pearls could go extinct very soon because of climate change."

“你知道嗎，你現在 買下這個十分幸運，

"But," the jeweler said, "have you heard,

因為這些珍珠會因為氣候變化， 很快就都找不到了。”

the governments have just come to a decision,

“但是，”店員又說，“你有聽說了嗎，

and Tahiti could have a chance."

政府剛提出一個決策，

Well, what a fantastic confirmation

讓大溪地可能還有一線希望。”

that perhaps, perhaps here is hope,

是的，多麼棒的證實，

here is a possible chance.

可能，有可能便有希望，

I'm the first one to recognize that we have a lot of work still to do.

這裡就可能有一線希望。

We've only just started our work on climate change.

我是第一個體認到 我們還有很多事要去做的人。

And in fact, we need to make sure that we redouble our efforts

在氣候變化的問題上， 我們僅僅只是剛開始而已。

over the next five years that are the urgent five years.

事實上，我們還需要確保我們能夠，

But I do believe

在接下來十分重要的五年內， 能加倍我們的努力。

that we have come over the past six years

但我真的相信，

from the impossible

大家這六年來，

to the now unstoppable.

我們已經從曾經不可能的泥沼，

And how did we do that? By injecting transformational optimism

成長到如今的勢不可擋的局面。

that allowed us to go from confrontation to collaboration,

而我們又是如何做到的呢？就是 藉由注入具有轉變意義的樂觀態度，

that allowed us to understand that national and local interests

讓我們彼此從對峙走到合作，

are not necessarily at odds with global needs,

讓我們理解國家和當地的利益，

and that if we understand that, we can bring them together

沒必要與全球的需求分道揚鑣，

and we can merge them harmoniously.

並且如果我們理解這點，

And as I look forward to other global issues

我們就能夠讓大家 團結起來和睦相處。

that will require our attention this century --

當然，我也期望其它的全球議題，

food security, water security, home security, forced migration --

也能在這個世紀得到我們的關注--

I see that we certainly do not know

食品安全，水源安全， 家庭保全，強制移民 --

how we are going to solve those problems yet.

我想我們目前還不是十分清楚，

But we can take a page out of what we have done on climate change

該如何解決這些問題。

and we can understand

但我們能為氣候變化上做出的貢獻， 畫下新的篇章，

that we have got to reinterpret the zero-sum mentality.

並且我們知道，

Because we were trained to believe that there always are winners and losers,

我們應該重新解釋 零和（不是輸就是贏）的想法。

and that your loss is my gain.

因為我們從小就被灌輸， 有贏家就必定有輸家的觀念，

Well, now that we're in a world

被灌輸別人的損失， 就是我的獲利的觀念。

in which we have reached planetary boundaries

然而，我們共同生活在同個世界，

and that we are not just so interconnected,