Name: 【TED】多麗絲-金城。會呼吸的金屬 (Metal that breathes | Doris Kim Sung) (【TED】Doris Kim Sung: Metal that breathes (Metal that breathes | Doris Kim Sung))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:27:49.000Z
Duration: 9 min

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

I was one of those kids that, every time I got in the car,

情態副詞

It was usually too hot, too stuffy or just too smelly,

車廂裡不是太熱太悶，就是充滿異味

and my father would not let us use the air conditioner.

He said that it would overheat the engine.

那時候發動機過熱是個普遍的問題

But it was also the signal that capped the use,

表明了耗能設備的使用，或者說過度使用

Things have changed now. We have cars that we take across country.

時過境遷。我們現在可以駕車跨越國境

We blast the air conditioning the entire way,

So there's no more signal for us to tell us to stop.

於是不再有任何信號告訴我們該停下了

Great, right? Well, we have similar problems in buildings.

是不是很棒？我們在建築中遇到了同樣的問題

In the past, before air conditioning, we had thick walls.

在沒有空調的過去，建築物有厚厚的牆壁

The thick walls are great for insulation. It keeps the interior

very cool during the summertime, and warm during the wintertime,

and the small windows were also very good because

it limited the amount of temperature transfer

Then in about the 1930s, with the advent of plate glass,

後來到了20世紀30年代，隨著平板玻璃、

rolled steel and mass production, we were able

to make floor-to-ceiling windows and unobstructed views,

我們能夠造出落地窗，實現開闊視野

and with that came the irreversible reliance on

隨之而來的是一種無法逆轉的依賴

mechanical air conditioning to cool our solar-heated spaces.

我們必須對受陽光照射的空間進行機械降溫

Over time, the buildings got taller and bigger,

our engineering even better, so that the mechanical systems

工程不斷進步，機械系統極其龐大

were massive. They require a huge amount of energy.

They give off a lot of heat into the atmosphere,

and for some of you may understand the heat island effect

in cities, where the urban areas are much more warm

but we also have problems that, when we lose power,

但相應會產生問題：萬一斷電了

the buildings are uninhabitable and have to be made vacant

until that air conditioning system can start up again.

直到空調系統重新開機才能再次進入

Even worse, with our intention of trying to make buildings

move towards a net-zero energy state, we can't do it

just by making mechanical systems more and more efficient.

我們無法僅僅通過把機械系統做得更加高效來實現目標

We need to look for something else, and we've gotten ourselves a little bit into a rut.

我們需要另闢蹊徑，但卻困住了自己的手腳

So what do we do here? How do we pull ourselves and dig us

我們怎麼辦？我們怎麼從自掘的墳墓中

If we look at biology, and many of you probably don't know,

也許你們不知道，如果從生物學的角度看問題

I was a biology major before I went into architecture,

我在讀建築前曾是生物專業的學生

the human skin is the organ that naturally regulates

人類的皮膚是一個能夠自然調節

the temperature in the body, and it's a fantastic thing.

That's the first line of defense for the body.

It has pores, it has sweat glands, it has all these things

that work together very dynamically and very efficiently,

所有一切協同做出動態而且高效的反應

and so what I propose is that our building skins

and by doing so can be much more dynamic, responsive

and differentiated, depending on where it is.

What I proposed first doing is looking at a different material palette to do that.

我首先要做的是從其他材料庫中選材

I presently, or currently, work with smart materials,

First of all, I guess we call it smart because it requires

之所以叫它“智慧”，我想首先一個原因是

and that's a very big deal for architecture.

What it is, it's a lamination of two different metals together.

它究竟是什麼呢？這是兩種不同金屬材料的疊加

You can see that here by the different reflection on this side.

你們可以從兩面的不同反光看出來

And because it has two different coefficients of expansion,

由於它在加熱時有兩種不同的膨脹係數

when heated, one side will expand faster than the other

So in early prototypes I built these surfaces to try to see

在最早的模型中我做了這些表面

how the curl would react to temperature and possibly allow

來檢驗這個曲面如何對溫度產生反應

and in other prototypes did surfaces where the multiplicity

在另一些模型中我又做了一些表面

of having these strips together can try to make

在被加熱時能夠產生更大的運動

and currently have this installation at the Materials & Applications gallery

目前這些裝置在銀湖的M&A美術館展出，一直到8月份

in Silver Lake, close by, and it's there until August, if you want to see it.

It's called "Bloom," and the surface is made completely

展覽叫做“綻放”，這個表面完全是用

out of thermo-bimetal, and its intention is to make this canopy

熱雙金屬做成的，我們想讓這個穹頂

that does two things. One, it's a sun-shading device, so that

擁有兩個功能。第一，這是一個遮陽的設施

when the sun hits the surface, it constricts the amount of sun passing through,

當陽光照射到表面，它能夠減少穿過材料的陽光

and in other areas, it's a ventilating system,

在其他區域，它是一個通風系統

so that hot, trapped air underneath can actually

材料下面無法流動的熱空氣可以

在必要時穿過這些材料得到釋放

You can see here in this time-lapse video that the sun,

as it moves across the surface, as well as the shade,

當太陽東升西落，陽光和陰影相應移動

Keep in mind, with the digital technology that we have today,

this thing was made out of about 14,000 pieces

這個裝置其實是由14,000片材料組成

and there's no two pieces alike at all. Every single one is different.

每一片都不盡相同，每一片都是獨特的

And the great thing with that is the fact that we can calibrate

each one to be very, very specific to its location,

我們可以把每一片材料都非常精准地放到它們自己的位置上

to the angle of the sun, and also how the thing actually curls.

對應陽光的照射角度，並且精確控制每一片的曲度

to actual future application in architecture,

在這個案例中，你們看到一個房子

and it's actually a four-story glass box.

實際上這是一個四層樓高的玻璃盒子

It's still with that glass box because we still want that visual access,

它依然是個玻璃盒子，因為我們仍然需要有這樣的視覺呈現

but now it's sheathed with this thermo-bimetal layer,

但它現在包裹著一層熱雙金屬材料

it's a screen that goes around it, and that layer can actually

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【TED】多麗絲-金城。會呼吸的金屬 (Metal that breathes | Doris Kim Sung) (【TED】Doris Kim Sung: Metal that breathes (Metal that breathes | Doris Kim Sung))

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