Name: 【TED】Clay Shirky：互聯網將如何（有一天）改變政府（Clay Shirky：互聯網將如何（有一天）改變政府）。 (【TED】Clay Shirky: How the Internet will (one day) transform government (Clay Shirky: How the Internet will (one day) transform government))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:27:43.000Z
Duration: 18 min 33 s

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

I want to talk to you today about something

the open-source programming world can teach democracy,

但是在開始之前，先來段前言吧

This is Martha Payne. Martha's a 9-year-old Scot

這是瑪莎.佩恩，九歲的蘇格蘭小女孩

who lives in the Council of Argyll and Bute.

A couple months ago, Payne started a food blog

幾個月以前，佩恩開了一個飲食博客

called NeverSeconds, and she would take her camera

有人找得到蔬菜在哪嗎？（笑聲）

this blog acquired first dozens of readers,

開始有一些人來收看她的部落格

and then thousands of readers, as people tuned in

"Pieces of hair found in food." (Laughter)

“在食物裡發現頭髮”（笑聲）

那天的午餐得了零分，這樣很好

And then two weeks ago yesterday, she posted this.

兩個禮拜前的昨天，她貼了一篇文章

And she said, "I'm very sorry to tell you this, but

my head teacher pulled me out of class today and told me

"班主任今天把我拉出教室，跟我說"

I'm not allowed to take pictures in the lunch room anymore.

"他們不准我繼續在餐廳拍照了"

You can guess what happened next, right? (Laughter)

你們猜得出來接下來發生什麼事了吧？（笑聲）

The outrage was so swift, so voluminous, so unanimous,

廣大網友的怒火燒得又快又旺，矛頭一致

that the Council of Argyll and Bute reversed themselves

然後阿蓋爾-比特議會馬上在同一天

改變說法，表示：“我們從來、”

we would never censor a nine-year-old." (Laughter)

“從來不會對一位九歲孩子的部落格進行審查”（笑聲）

Except, of course, this morning. (Laughter)

當然，除了今天早上以外（笑聲）

他們可以就這樣拍拍屁股了事？（笑聲）

And the answer is, all of human history prior to now.

答案是，至今以來整個人類歷史都是這樣發展的

當新的想法忽然透過一個媒介大量流傳

Now, this isn't just a contemporaneous question.

這不只是一個現今時代才有的疑問

This is something we've faced several times

When the telegraph came along, it was clear

that it was going to globalize the news industry.

Well, obviously, it would lead to world peace.

這個嘛，顯然地，這可能造就世界和平

The television, a medium that allowed us not just to hear

電視，一個不只是可以用聽的傳播媒體

but see, literally see, what was going on

還可以親眼看到發生在世界各地的事情

elsewhere in the world, what would this lead to?

Sorry for the spoiler alert, but no world peace. Not yet.

抱歉透露一下劇情：不過，沒有世界和平，還沒有

Even the printing press, even the printing press

was assumed to be a tool that was going to enforce

Catholic intellectual hegemony across Europe.

Instead, what we got was Martin Luther's 95 Theses,

但我們看到的卻是馬丁路德的《九十五條論綱》

the Protestant Reformation, and, you know,

so what all of these predictions of world peace got right

這些關於世界和平的預言說中了一點

那就是：當大量的新思想一夕之間

come into circulation, it changes society.

What they got exactly wrong was what happens next.

而這個預言猜錯的是接下來會發生的事

the more ideas there are for any individual to disagree with.

越多的媒體永遠代表了越多論戰

That's what happens when the media's space expands.

這就是當媒體空間擴展時會發生的事

And yet, when we look back on the printing press

但是，我們回顧早年的印刷機時代

in the early years, we like what happened.

我們正處於一個後印刷機時期的社會

所以我們該如何整合這兩個結果？

that it leads to more arguing, but we think it was good?

雖然會導致更多論戰，但如何讓我們覺得這是好的？

And the answer, I think, can be found in things like this.

我想答案可以從這樣的東西中找到：

This is the cover of "Philosophical Transactions,"

the first scientific journal ever published in English

and it was created by a group of people who had been

calling themselves "The Invisible College,"

a group of natural philosophers who only later

他們的目的是要改善自然哲學家之間

natural philosophers argued with each other,

and they needed to do two things for this.

They needed openness. They needed to create a norm

他們需要公開性。他們必須建立一個規範：

you have to publish not just your claims,

If you don't tell us how you did it, we won't trust you.

如果你不告訴大家你是怎麼做的，就不會有人相信你

But the other thing they needed was speed.

不過他們還需要另外一樣東西：速度

other natural philosophers knew. Otherwise,

其他自然哲學家知道的東西，否則的話

you couldn't get the right kind of argument going.

The printing press was clearly the right medium for this,

but the book was the wrong tool. It was too slow.

書本反而不適合，因為它太慢了

And so they invented the scientific journal

across the community of natural scientists.

The scientific revolution wasn't created by the printing press.

【TED】Clay Shirky：互聯網將如何（有一天）改變政府（Clay Shirky：互聯網將如何（有一天）改變政府）。 (【TED】Clay Shirky: How the Internet will (one day) transform government (Clay Shirky: How the Internet will (one day) transform government))

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【TED】Clay Shirky：互聯網將如何（有一天）改變政府（Clay Shirky：互聯網將如何（有一天）改變政府）。 (【TED】Clay Shirky: How the Internet will (one day) transform government (Clay Shirky: How the Internet will (one day) transform government))

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