to start a revolution.

我今天在這裡

Now before you get up in arms,

是為了開啟一場革命

or you break into song,

在你們拿起武器

or you pick a favorite color,

開始高歌

I want to define what I mean by revolution.

或者挑選你最愛的顏色旗幟之前

By revolution,

我想先定義我所謂的「革命」是什麼意思

I mean a drastic and far-reaching change

我所說的「革命」

in the way we think and behave --

指的是一場激烈且影響長遠的改變

the way we think and the way we behave.

針對於我們思考和行為模式的改變

Now why, Steve, why do we need a revolution?

我們的思考和行為模式

We need a revolution

那麼，史帝夫，為什麼我們需要一場革命？

because things aren't working; they're just not working.

我們需要這場革命

And that makes me really sad

因為既有的現狀不佳，真的行不通

because I'm sick and tired of things not working.

而這點讓我很感傷

You know, I'm sick and tired of us not living up to our potential.

因為我已經受夠並厭倦了那些行不通的事物

I'm sick and tired of us being last.

我已經受夠了我們不發揮潛力

And we are last place in so many things --

我受夠了我們吊車尾

for example, social factors.

而且我們在許多方面都是最後一名

We're last place in Europe in innovation.

舉例來說，在社會層面上

There we are right at the end, right at the bottom,

講創新，我們是歐洲最後一名

last place as a culture that doesn't value innovation.

我們就正好排在最後一個，墊底的那個

We're last place in health care,

而這項最後一名代表我們的文化不重視創新

and that's important for a sense of well-being.

我們在醫療衛生方面是最後一名

And there we are, not just last in the E.U.,

而這點對於幸福感影響很大

we're last in Europe, at the very bottom.

而且我們不只是歐盟裡的最後一名

And worst of all,

我們在全歐洲更是敬陪末座

it just came out three weeks ago, many of you have seen it, The Economist.

還有，最糟的是

We're the saddest place on Earth,

也許你們很多人看過了 三個禮拜前的經濟學人指出

relative to GDP per capita --

我們是地球上最悲傷的地方

the saddest place on Earth.

以人均國內生產毛額來看

That's social. Let's look at education.

我們是世界上最悲傷的地方

Where do we rank three weeks ago

以上都是社會層面 現在來看看教育方面

in another report by the OECD?

我們三個禮拜前 在OECD（經合組織）

Last in reading, math and science. Last.

所發佈的報告中，排名又是如何？

Business:

在閱讀、數學和科學部分，都是最後一名

The lowest perception in the E.U.

商業方面

that entrepreneurs provide benefits to society.

我們是歐盟中

Why as a result, what happens?

對於「企業家對社會有益」這概念認同最低的

The lowest percentage of entrepreneurs starting businesses.

所以結果是什麼？

And this is despite the fact

就是擁有最低比率的創業者

that everybody knows that small business

即使

is the engine of economies.

每個人都知道小型企業

We hire the most people; we create the most taxes.

才是驅動經濟的核心

So if our engine's broken, guess what?

我們雇用最多的人工 我們交出最高的稅金

Last in Europe GDP per capita.

所以當我們的經濟引擎故障時 猜猜會發生什麼事？

Last.

我們就落到全歐人均國民生產毛額的最後一名

So it's no surprise, guys, that 62 percent of Bulgarians

吊車尾

are not optimistic about the future.

所以 62%的保加利亞人

We're unhappy, we have bad education,

對未來不樂觀 一點也不奇怪

and we have the worst businesses.

我們不快樂 我們的教育不佳

And these are facts, guys.

連我們的商業也是最糟糕的

This isn't story tale; it's not make-believe.

各位啊 以上都是事實啊

It's not.

不是童話故事 不是幻想

It's not a conspiracy I have got against Bulgaria. These are facts.

不是

So I think it should be really, really clear

這也不是針對保加利亞的陰謀論 這些都是事實

that our system is broken.

所以我認為很明顯的

The way we think, the way we behave,

我們的整個系統故障了

our operating system of behaving is broken.

我們的思考方式，行為舉止

We need a drastic change in the way we think and behave

我們的作業系統掛了

to transform Bulgaria for the better,

我們需要針對我們思考和行為的模式做出重大改變

for ourselves, for our friends,

讓保加利亞轉型 變得更好

for our family and for our future.

這也同時是為了我們自己、我們的朋友們

How did this happen?

為了我們的家人和我們的未來

Let's be positive now. We're going to get positive. How did this happen?

但到底為什麼會這樣？

I think we're last because --

我們現在來用正面態度 我們要變得正向樂觀 但到底怎麼會這樣？

and this is going to be drastic to some of you --

我想我們是最後一名是因為

because we are handicapping ourselves.

對你們某些人來講 這個理由一定難以置信

We're holding ourselves back

因為我們正在「殘害」自己

because we don't value play.

我們侷限了自己

I said "play," all right.

因為我們不重視「玩樂」！

In case some of you forgot what play is, this is what play looks like.

沒錯，我說的就是「玩樂」

Babies play, kids play,

怕你們有人已經忘了玩樂是什麼樣 這就是玩樂

adults play.

嬰兒的玩樂 孩童的玩樂

We don't value play.

成年人的玩樂

In fact, we devalue play.

我們不重視玩樂

And we devalue it in three areas.

事實上 我們藐視玩樂

Let's go back to the same three areas.

而且我們在三個方面貶低玩樂

Social: 45 years of what?

我們回到先前的那三個層面

Of communism --

社會層面 45年的什麼？

of valuing the society and the state over the individual

共產主義

and squashing, inadvertently,

將社會與國家置於個人之上

creativity, individual self-expression and innovation.

而且不經意地扼殺了

And instead, what do we value?

創意、自我表達和創新

Because it's shown

相反地 我們重視什麼？

the way we apply, generate and use knowledge

已有研究指出

is affected by our social and institutional context,

我們應用、生產與使用知識的方式

which told us what in communism?

受到我們的社會及制度環境所影響

To be serious.

而共產主義的社會制度告訴我們什麼？

To be really, really serious.

要嚴肅

It did.

非常 非常嚴肅

(Applause)

真的！

Be serious.

(掌聲)

I can't tell you how many times I've been scolded in the park

要嚴肅

for letting my kids play on the ground.

我不知道自己在公園被痛罵了多少次

Heaven forbid they play in the dirt, the kal,

只因為我讓孩子在地上玩耍

or even worse, lokvi, water -- that will kill them.

更別提讓他們在泥土中玩耍了

I have been told by babas and dyados

或更嚴重的 水裡啊 人們覺得那會害死小孩

that we shouldn't let our kids play so much

阿公阿嬤告誡我

because life is serious

不應該讓小孩那麼常玩耍

and we need to train them for the seriousness of life.

因為人生是很嚴肅的

We have a serious meme running through.

而我們必須訓練孩子為人生的嚴肅提前做準備

It's a social gene running through us.

有一個嚴重的病毒正在我們之間散播著

It's a serious gene.

那是我們共有的社會基因

It's 45 years of it

一個「嚴肅」基因

that's created what I call the "baba factor."

已經存在45年了

(Laughter)

那造就了我所謂的「阿嬤因子」

(Applause)

(笑聲)

And here's how it works.

(掌聲)

Step one: woman says, "I want to have a baby. Iskam baby."

而「阿嬤因子」是這樣運作的

Step two: we get the baby. Woohoo!

步驟一 女人說：「我想要寶寶，一個可愛的寶寶。」

But then what happens in step three?

步驟二 我們生了寶寶 歐耶！

I want to go back to work

但是在步驟三會發生什麼事？

because I need to further my career or I just want to go have coffees.

我想要回到工作崗位上

I'm going to give bebko to baba.

因為我必須發展我的事業 或是就想去喝杯咖啡

But we need to remember

我要把嬰兒交給阿嬤

that baba's been infected by the serious meme for 45 years.

但我們必須記得一件事

So what happens?

阿嬤已經被那個嚴重病毒感染45年了

She passes that virus on to baby,

那會怎樣？

and it takes a really, really, really long time -- as the redwood trees --

她會把病毒傳染給嬰兒

for that serious meme

而這需要真的、真的、真的很長一段時間 像紅衫木一樣

to get out of our operating system.

才能將嚴重的病毒

What happens then?

從我們的作業系統裡清除

It goes into education where we have an antiquated education system

然後怎樣？

that has little changed for 100 years,

那病毒會進入教育系統 我們那過時的教育系統

that values rote learning,

在過去100年中沒什麼改變的系統

memorization and standardization,

重視死背的系統

and devalues self-expression, self-exploration,

重視強記和標準化

questioning, creativity and play.

並且貶抑自我表達、自我探索

It's a crap system.

否定提問、創意以及玩樂

True story: I went looking for a school for my kid.

這是一個爛透了的系統

We went to this prestigious little school

我來說一個真實故事：我幫我小孩物色學校

and they say they're going to study math 10 times a week

來到一間頗富盛名的小學校

and science eight times a week

他們說這裡的學生每週讀10次數學

and reading five times a day and all this stuff.

8次科學

And we said, "Well what about play and recess?"

一天5次閱讀等等的

And they said, "Ha. There won't be a single moment in the schedule."

然後我們問：「那麼玩耍和休息呢？」

(Laughter)

他們回答：「哈，課表裡完全沒有這些東西。」

And we said, "He's five."

(笑聲)

What a crime. What a crime.

然後我們說：「他才五歲欸！」

And it's a crime

罪過 好個罪過

that our education system is so serious because education is serious

而且同樣罪過的是

that we're creating mindless, robotic workers

我們的教育系統這麼嚴肅 因為教育是如此地嚴肅死板

to put bolts in pre-drilled holes.

以致於我們正創造出不會思考的機器工人

But I'm sorry, the problems of today

來將螺絲釘裝放到鑽好的洞裡

are not the problems of the Industrial Revolution.

但很抱歉 現今的問題

We need adaptability,

不再是工業革命時代的問題了

the ability to learn how to be creative and innovative.

我們需要適應能力

We don't need mechanized workers.

變得有創意又會創新的能力

But no, now our meme goes into work where we don't value play.

我們不需要機械化的工人

We create robotic workers that we treat like assets,

然而不幸的 病毒也傳染到了職場 讓我們不重視玩樂

to lever and just throw away.

我們創造了機器工人 把他們如資產般對待

What are qualities of a Bulgarian work?

利用他們 再棄如敝屣

Autocratic --

一份典型的保加利亞工作有什麼樣的特質？

do what I say because I'm the chef.

專制

I'm the boss and I know better than you.

造我的話去做 因為我是領導

Untrusting -- you're obviously a criminal, so I'm going to install cameras.

我是老闆 所以我懂得比你多

(Laughter)

不信任：你很顯然是個罪犯 所以我要裝攝影機

Controlling --

(笑聲)

you're obviously an idiot, so I'm going to make

控制

a zillion little processes for you to follow so you don't step out of the box.

你很顯然是個白痴 所以我要設計好

So they're restrictive -- don't use your mobile phone,

幾萬兆個細微的步驟讓你遵守 你才不會自做主張

don't use your laptop, don't search the Internet,

所以職場總是限制重重：不准用手機

don't be on I.M.

不准用筆電，不准上網

That's somehow unprofessional and bad.

不准用即時通

And at the end of the day, it's unfulfilling

那樣很不專業又惡劣

because you're controlled, you're restricted, you're not valued

而且工作一整天之後 你根本沒有任何成就感

and you're not having any fun.

因為你被控制住了 限制了 你不被重視

In social, in education and in our business,

而且你得不到絲毫樂趣

don't value play.

在社會、教育及商業層面上

And that's why we're last,

我們不重視玩樂

because we don't value play.

那正是為什麼我們排名最後

And you can say, "That's ridiculous, Steve. What a dumb idea.

因為我們不重視玩樂

It can't be because of play.

你可能會說：「一派胡言，史帝夫。好個蠢想法。

Just play, that's a stupid thing."

怎麼可能是因為玩樂的關係！

We have the serious meme in us.

只不過是玩樂 那麼件蠢事。」

Well I'm going to say no.

我們身體內有著嚴重的病毒

And I will prove it to you in the next part of the speech --

嗯 我要說「你錯了」

that play is the catalyst, it is the revolution,

而且我將會在演說的下一段向你證明這點

that we can use to transform Bulgaria for the better.

證明玩樂是催化劑 它就是一場革命

Play:

我們可以用來使保加利亞更好的革命

our brains

玩樂

are hardwired for play.

我們的大腦

Evolution has selected,

是為了玩樂而連結在一起

over millions and billions of years,

演化

for play in animals and in humans.

透過數百萬、數十億年的時間

And you know what?

為動物及人類的玩樂性格挑選適者生存

Evolution does a really, really good job

而且你知道嗎？

of deselecting traits that aren't advantageous to us

演化機制非常擅於

and selecting traits for competitive advantage.

淘汰對我們無用的特質

Nature isn't stupid, and it selected for play.

並保留具競爭優勢的特質

Throughout the animal kingdom, for example:

大自然的挑選可不隨便 而它 為玩樂而篩選

ants. Ants play.

舉例而言 整個動物界裡

Maybe you didn't know that.

螞蟻 螞蟻會玩樂

But when they're playing,

也許你不曉得這點

they're learning the social order and dynamics of things.

但當牠們玩樂時

Rats play, but what you might not have known

牠們也在學習社會規範和事物的動態

is that rats that play more

老鼠會玩樂 但你可能不曉得的是

have bigger brains

較常玩樂的老鼠

and they learn tasks better,

腦子也比較大

skills.

而且牠們學起任務比較快

Kittens play. We all know kittens play.

學技能也快

But what you may not know

貓咪會玩樂 我們都知道

is that kittens deprived of play

但你可能不知道

are unable to interact socially.

被禁止玩樂的貓咪

They can still hunt, but they can't be social.

是無法在社群中互動的

Bears play.

牠們仍然可以獵食 但無法社交

But what you may not know

熊也玩耍

is that bears that play more survive longer.

但你可能不知道

It's not the bears that learn how to fish better.

較常玩樂的熊 存活得久

It's the ones that play more.

並非那些懂得獵魚的熊

And a final really interesting study --

反而是那些較常玩樂的熊比較長命

it's been shown, a correlation

而最後有一則有趣的研究

between play and brain size.

發現玩樂和大腦容量之間

The more you play, the bigger the brains there are.

存在某種關聯

Dolphins, pretty big brains, play a lot.

你玩樂越多 大腦容量就越大

But who do you think

有著相當大的腦容量的海豚 經常在玩耍

with the biggest brains are the biggest players?

但你認為誰

Yours truly: humans.

擁有最大的腦容量 還是最重要的人物？

Kids play, we play --

正是閣下 人類

of every nationality, of every race,

小孩玩耍 我們玩耍

of every color, of every religion.

所有國籍、種族

It's a universal thing -- we play.

所有膚色、宗教信仰

And it's not just kids, it's adults too.

這是一個普世現象：我們玩樂

Really cool term: neoteny --

不只小孩玩樂 大人也玩樂

the retention of play and juvenile traits in adults.

這是一個非常酷的詞彙：幼態延續

And who are the biggest neotenists?

成年人保有少年時期的玩樂傾向

Humans. We play sports.

而誰是最重要的「幼態延續者」？

We do it for fun, or as Olympians, or as professionals.

人類 我們玩體育競技

We play musical instruments.

我們為了趣味去做 或者像奧林匹亞選手們 為職業去做

We dance, we kiss, we sing,

我們玩樂器

we just goof around.

我們跳舞 我們親吻 我們唱歌

We're designed by nature to play

我們消磨時間

from birth to old age.

我們都被大自然設計成

We're designed to do that continuously --

自幼年至老年都會玩樂

to play and play a lot

我們被設計去不停地

and not stop playing.

玩耍 而且玩得很兇

It is a huge benefit.

不停地玩樂

Just like there's benefits to animals,

好處多多

there's benefits to humans.

就像對那些動物有益一樣

For example, it's been shown

這對人類也是有益的

to stimulate neural growth in the amygdala,

例如，研究指出

in the area where it controls emotions.

玩樂能刺激杏仁核的神經生長

It's been shown to promote pre-frontal cortex development

也就是控制情緒的部位

where a lot of cognition is happening.

研究指出玩樂也會促進前額葉皮質的發展

As a result, what happens?

也就是處理許多認知的部位

We develop more emotional maturity if we play more.

所以怎麼樣？

We develop better decision-making ability

如果我們多玩一點 我們就會發展出更高的情緒成熟度

if we play more.

我們會發展出更佳的決策能力

These guys are facts.

如果我們玩耍多一點

It's not fiction, it's not story tales, it's not make-believe;

這些都是事實

it's cold, hard science.

這不是虛構的 不是童話故事 不是幻想