and it's a serious problem with boys.

我來這裡的目的是要告訴你

Their culture isn't working in schools,

我們有一個男孩子的問題

and I'm going to share with you ways

而且是一個非常嚴重的問題

that we can think about overcoming that problem.

他們的文化跟學校的文化無法融合。

First, I want to start by saying, this is a boy,

我要跟你們分享

and this is a girl,

克服這個問題的方法。

and this is probably stereotypically what you think of as a boy and a girl.

第一，我要說明的是，這是一名男孩，

If I essentialize gender for you today, then you can dismiss what I have to say.

這是一名女孩。

So I'm not going to do that, I'm not interested in doing that.

這是典型的

This is a different kind of boy and a different kind of girl.

男孩和女孩的定義

So the point here is that not all boys exist within these rigid boundaries

假如我今天跟你討論性別的不同的話

of what we think of as boys and girls,

那你可以對我要說的話不予理會。

and not all girls exist within those rigid boundaries

因此我不會那麼做，我沒有興趣去那麼做。

of what we think of as girls.

這是另一種男孩和另一種女孩

But, in fact, most boys tend to be a certain way,

我要指出的是不是所有的男孩

and most girls tend to be a certain way.

都是在這種嚴格

And the point is that, for boys,

的男女標準底下存在的

the way that they exist and the culture that they embrace

同樣的，不是所有的女孩都是在這種嚴格的

isn't working well in schools now.

女性標準底下存在的。

How do we know that?

但是，大部分的男生是有某一些共同點，

The 100 girls project tells us some really nice statistics.

而女生也會有另一些共同點

For example, for every 100 girls that are suspended from school,

我要指出的是，對男生而言

there are 250 boys that are suspended from school.

他們的生存方式和文化

For every 100 girls who are expelled from school,

不適用於現在的學校制度裡。

there are 335 boys who are expelled from school.

我們怎麼曉得這一點呢？

For every 100 girls in special education,

一百名女孩的方案

there are 217 boys.

給我們一些很好的統計數據。

For every 100 girls with a learning disability,

讓我舉例說明：每一百名被停學的女孩

there are 276 boys.

有相對的兩百五十名男孩被停學。

For every 100 girls with an emotional disturbance diagnosed,

每一百名被開除的女生，

we have 324 boys.

會有相對的三百三十五名男生被開除。

And by the way, all of these numbers are significantly higher

每一百名接受特殊教育的女生，

if you happen to be black,

有相對的兩百十七名男生。

if you happen to be poor,

每一百名有學習障礙的女生

if you happen to exist in an overcrowded school.

就會有相對的兩百七十六名男生。

And if you are a boy,

每一百名

you're four times as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD --

被判斷為有心理問題的女生，

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

我們有相對的三百二十四名男生。

Now there is another side to this.

還有，這些數據在以下的情況底下更會明顯地上漲：

And it is important that we recognize that women still need help in school,

假如你是黑人，

that salaries are still significantly lower,

或是家境貧困，

even when controlled for job types,

或是在一所過於擁擠的學校上學。

and that girls have continued to struggle in math and science for years.

假如你是男生，

That's all true.

你有四倍以上的幾率

Nothing about that prevents us

被判斷為有ADHD--

from paying attention to the literacy needs

注意力不足過動症

of our boys between ages three and 13.

凡事總得看兩面

And so we should.

我們必須接受的事實是

In fact, what we ought to do is take a page from their playbook,

女生在學校裡還需要幫助，

because the initiatives and programs that have been set in place

她們的薪水還是相對地偏低，

for women in science and engineering and mathematics are fantastic.

即使經過工作類別的調整以後，

They've done a lot of good for girls in these situations,

女生還在

and we ought to be thinking about how we can make that happen for boys too

數學和科學的科目持續地掙扎。

in their younger years.

這些都是事實。

Even in their older years,

沒有事情妨礙我們

what we find is that there's still a problem.

關注

When we look at the universities,

三到十三歲的男孩的讀寫能力

60 percent of baccalaureate degrees are going to women now,

因此我們應該這麼做的。

which is a significant shift.

我們更該向她們學習

And in fact, university administrators are a little uncomfortable about the idea

因為這些倡議和方案

that we may be getting close to 70 percent female population in universities.

被建設

This makes university administrators very nervous,

是為了針對女生在科學，工程學和數學的問題

because girls don't want to go to schools that don't have boys.

而且都是一流的。

And so we're starting to see

它們為了在這種情況的女生

the establishment of men centers and men studies

帶來很多好處。

to think about how do we engage men in their experiences in the university.

我們該想的是

If you talk to faculty, they may say, "Ugh. Yeah, well,

我們能夠為男生作同樣的事情嗎？

they're playing video games,

在年幼的時候製造這樣的機會嗎？

and they're gambling online all night long,

即使在他們長大以後

and they're playing World of Warcraft,

我們還發現同樣的問題。

and that's affecting their academic achievement."

讓我們來看看大學

Guess what?

百分之六十的學士學位中為女性，

Video games are not the cause.

這是一項明顯的改變。

Video games are a symptom.

大學的負責人

They were turned off a long time before they got here.

擔心

So let's talk about why they got turned off

我們開始接近百分之七十的

when they were between the ages of three and 13.

女生入學率。

There are three reasons that I believe

這讓大學的負責人非常的緊張，

that boys are out of sync with the culture of schools today.

因為女生一般不希望到沒有男生的學校。

The first is zero tolerance.

我們也開始觀察到

A kindergarten teacher I know, her son donated all of his toys to her,

有男性中心和男性研究的科目的成立

and when he did, she had to go through and pull out all the little plastic guns.

讓我們研究我們該怎樣吸引男生

You can't have plastic knives and swords and axes

而把他們融入大學的生活。

and all that kind of thing in a kindergarten classroom.

假如你跟學院學人提及，他們也許會有這樣的反應，

What is it that we're afraid that this young man is going to do with this gun?

「唉，他們只顧著玩電子遊戲，

I mean, really.

徹夜賭博，

But here he stands as testament

玩魔獸世界

to the fact that you can't roughhouse on the playground today.

就是這些影響著他們的

Now I'm not advocating for bullies.

學業表現。」

I'm not suggesting that we need to be allowing guns and knives in the school.

其實呢

But when we say that an Eagle Scout in a high school classroom

電子遊戲不是起因。

who has a locked parked car in the parking lot and a penknife in it,

電子遊戲是一項症狀。

has to be suspended from school,

他們失去興趣是很早以前

I think we may have gone a little too far with zero tolerance.

已經發生的事情。

Another way that zero tolerance lives itself out

我們來討論一下他們為什麼會

is in the writing of boys.

在三到十三歲的階段開始喪失興趣。

In a lot of classrooms today,

我認為有三大主因

you're not allowed to write about anything that's violent.

讓男孩跟

You're not allowed to write about anything that has to do with video games.

現在的學校文化脫節。

These topics are banned.

第一是缺乏寬容的態度。

Boy comes home from school, and he says,

我認識的一名幼稚園的老師，

"I hate writing."

她的兒子把他所有的玩具都捐贈給她，

"Why do you hate writing, son? What's wrong with writing?"

他做完此舉，她還要檢查每一件玩具

"Now I have to write what she tells me to write."

把塑膠槍拔走。

"OK, what is she telling you to write?"

塑膠刀、槍和斧

"Poems. I have to write poems.

等東西

And little moments in my life.

是不允許帶到幼兒園裡的。

I don't want to write that stuff."

我們到底為什麼會擔心這小孩拿著這支槍，他能幹嘛呢？

"Well, what do you want to write?

真的。

What do you want to write about?"

但這清楚的表示

"I want to write about video games. I want to write about leveling-up.

今天你不能在遊樂園裡有任何比較粗暴的行為。

I want to write about this really interesting world.

我必需澄清，我不是倡議校園惡霸，

I want to write about a tornado that comes into our house

我更不是提議

and blows all the windows out,

我們需應批准人家把槍跟刀帶到校園裡。

and ruins all the furniture and kills everybody."

但當我們聽到

"All right. OK."

有一名鷹級童子軍在高中學校裡

You tell a teacher that, and they'll ask you, in all seriousness,

因為停泊在停車場的，以鎖上的車子裡

"Should we send this child to the psychologist?"

有一支小刀

And the answer is no, he's just a boy.

而因此被停學

He's just a little boy.

我覺得我們的零寬容過火了。

It's not OK to write these kinds of things in classrooms today.

零寬容所造成的問題也在男孩子的作文裡出現。

So that's the first reason:

在很多的課堂裡

Zero tolerance policies and the way they're lived out.

你不能提及任何有暴力成分的東西。

The next reason that boys' cultures are out of sync with school cultures:

也不能接觸任何關於

there are fewer male teachers.

電子遊戲的東西， 這些題目都是被禁的。

Anybody who's over 15 doesn't know what this means,

孩子下課回家說，

because in the last 10 years,

「我討厭作文。」

the number of elementary school classroom teachers has been cut in half.

「孩子，你為什麼討厭作文呢？作文有什麼問題嗎？」

We went from 14 percent to seven percent.

「我要寫她希望我寫的東西。」

That means that 93 percent of the teachers

「好，那她要你寫什麼呢？」

that our young men get in elementary classrooms are women.

「詩詞，我要寫詩。

Now what's the problem with this?

和我生命中的點點滴滴。

Women are great, yep, absolutely.

我對那些事情沒興趣。」

But male role models for boys that say it's all right to be smart --

「好，那你要寫些什麼呢？你對什麼有興趣?」

they've got dads, they've got pastors, they've got Cub Scout leaders,

「我要寫關於電子遊戲的，我要寫升級的方法。」

but ultimately, six hours a day, five days a week

我要寫跟這世界有關的趣事。

they're spending in a classroom,

我要寫到有一場大颶風打到我們家

and most of those classrooms are not places where men exist.

把所有的窗戶吹破了

And so they say, I guess this really isn't a place for boys.

摧毀了家裡所有的家具,然後所有的人都死了。」

This is a place for girls.

「嗯。好的。」

And I'm not very good at this,

你跟任何一名老師這樣說

so I guess I'd better go play video games

他們會認真的問你，

or get into sports, or something like that,

「我們需要把這孩子送到心理醫生那裡嗎？」

because I obviously don't belong here.

答案是不用，他只是一個男孩。

Men don't belong here, that's pretty obvious.

他不過是一名小男孩。

So that may be a very direct way that we see it happen.

今天，課堂裡是不允許

But less directly, the lack of male presence in the culture --

寫樣的東西的。

you've got a teachers' lounge, and they're having a conversation

那是第一個原因

about Joey and Johnny who beat each other up on the playground.

零寬容的政策和它們實踐的方式。

"What are we going to do with these boys?"

下一個導致男生文化跟學校脫節的原因是：

The answer to that question changes

學校缺乏男性老師。

depending on who's sitting around that table.

任何超過十五歲的人都不會明白我的意思，

Are there men around that table?

因為在過去的十年裡

Are there moms who've raised boys around that table?

小學老師的數目

You'll see, the conversation changes

被砍了一半。

depending upon who's sitting around the table.

我們從百分之十四

Third reason that boys are out of sync with school today:

降到百分之七。

Kindergarten is the old second grade, folks.

也就是說明百分之九十三的

We have a serious compression of the curriculum happening out there.

教授男孩子的小學老師

When you're three, you better be able to write your name legibly,

是女性。

or else we'll consider it a developmental delay.

這構成什麼樣的問題呢？

By the time you're in first grade,

女性很偉大。對，絕對認同。

you should be able to read paragraphs of text

但男性的典範

with maybe a picture, maybe not, in a book of maybe 25 to 30 pages.

讓他們接受聰明是好的

If you don't,

他們有父親，有牧者

we're probably going to be putting you into a Title I special reading program.

有童子軍的首領

And if you ask Title I teachers, they'll tell you

但最終，每天六個小時，每星期五次

they've got about four or five boys for every girl that's in their program,

他們都是在課堂裡度過的。

in the elementary grades.

大部分的課堂

The reason that this is a problem

是沒有男性的地方。

is because the message that boys are getting

他們也就會想，這應該不是男生的地方。

is, "You need to do what the teacher asks you to do all the time."

這是女生的地方。

The teacher's salary depends on "No Child Left Behind"

我這方面不是很強，

and "Race to the Top" and accountability and testing

也許我該

and all of this.

去玩電玩，運動，或其他類似的活動，

So she has to figure out a way to get all these boys

因為我明顯的不屬於這裡。

through this curriculum -- and girls.

很明顯的，男生不該在這裡。

This compressed curriculum is bad for all active kids.

那是一個能讓我們直接

And what happens is,

看到的情況。

she says, "Please, sit down, be quiet, do what you're told,

比較間接的，

follow the rules, manage your time, focus, be a girl."

就是缺乏了男性的影響力－

That's what she tells them.

你在教師休息室裡，

Indirectly, that's what she tells them.

老師們在交頭接耳地討論

And so this is a very serious problem.

Joey跟Johnny打架的經過。

Where is it coming from? It's coming from us.

「這些男孩這樣我們該怎麼辦?」

(Laughter)

這個問題的答案會隨著參與討論的成員而改變。

We want our babies to read when they are six months old.

參與討論的成員中有男性嗎？

Have you seen the ads?

有撫養這些孩子成人的媽媽嗎？

We want to live in Lake Wobegon where every child is above average ...

你會發現話題會隨著

but what this does to our children is really not healthy.

參與討論的成員而改變。

It's not developmentally appropriate,

男孩子跟學校脫節的第三個原因是：

and it's particularly bad for boys.

幼稚園已經變成二年級了。

So what do we do?

課程壓縮的是一個很嚴重的情況。

We need to meet them where they are.

到你三歲的時候，你應該能夠好好的書寫你的名字，

We need to put ourselves into boy culture.

要不然我們回把它當成發育障礙。

We need to change the mindset of acceptance in boys

你到一年級的時候，

in elementary schools.

你應該能夠順利閱讀整段文字，

More specifically, we can do some very specific things.

不管有沒有圖畫的，

We can design better games.

二十到三十頁厚的書。

Most of the educational games that are out there today

如果你不成功的話，我們會把你調到

are really flashcards.

Title 1的特別閱讀課程。

They're glorified drill and practice.

假如你問Title 1的老師，他們會跟你說，

They don't have the depth, the rich narrative

他們班裡的男女比例是四到五名男孩對一名女孩，

that really engaging video games have,

這是小學的情況。

that the boys are really interested in.

這是一個問題

So we need to design better games.

因為男孩所接受到的訊息是，

We need to talk to teachers and parents and school board members and politicians.

「你每次都需要

We need to make sure that people see that we need more men in the classroom.

按照老師的意思去做。」

We need to look carefully at our zero tolerance policies.

那老師的薪水是按照

Do they make sense?

『沒有孩子被留下』 和『競爭往上』

We need to think about how to uncompress this curriculum if we can,

的責任和測試制度

trying to bring boys back into a space that is comfortable for them.

和這裡的一切。

All of those conversations need to be happening.

所以她必須

There are some great examples out there of schools --

想辦法讓這些男孩成功的通過這個課程 －

the New York Times just talked about a school recently.

女孩也是。

A game designer from the New School

這樣的壓縮課程是對

put together a wonderful video gaming school.

所有活躍的孩子很不利的。

But it only treats a few kids, and so this isn't very scalable.

接著發生的是，

We have to change the culture and the feelings

她會說，「請坐下來，

that politicians and school board members and parents have

安安靜靜的，聽話的，按規矩

about the way we accept and what we accept in our schools today.

安排好你的時間，集中精神，

We need to find more money for game design.

做一名女生。」

Because good games, really good games, cost money,