on my way to becoming a brilliant, world-class neuropsychologist:

有意思的事情發生了，

I had a baby.

在我變成

And that's not to say

世界級著名的神經心理學家的過程中：

I ever went on to become a brilliant, world-class neuropsychologist.

我懷孕了

Sorry, TED.

這不是說

But I did go on to be a reasonably astute,

我真的成了一個傑出的

arguably world-class worrier.

世界級著名的神經心理學家

One of my girlfriends in graduate school, Marie,

對不起TED

said, "Kim, I figured it out.

但是我成為了一個足夠敏銳

It's not that you're more neurotic than everyone else;

可以說是世界級的杞人憂天者

it's just that you're more honest about how neurotic you are."

我在研究生學校的一個女伴，Marie

So in the spirit of full disclosure,

說，“Kim，我發現了

I brought some pictures to share.

這不是因為你比其他人更神經質

Awwww.

而是你更誠實

(Laughter)

地看待自己的神經質

I'll just say: July.

所以在這種論調下

(Laughter)

我帶來了一些照片來分享

Zip!

恩

(Laughter)

我只說，七月

For safety.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

這個

Water wings --

為了安全。

an inch of water.

水在流動

And then, finally, all suited up

一英尺的水

for the 90-minute drive to Copper Mountain.

然後，最終，全副武裝

So you can get kind of a feel for this.

為了到Copper山的90分鐘車程

So my baby, Vander, is eight years old now.

所以你能感覺到大概的意思

And, despite being cursed with my athletic inability,

所以我的孩子，Vander

he plays soccer.

現在8歲了

He's interested in playing football.

同我缺乏運動能力

He wants to learn how to ride a unicycle.

不同

So why would I worry?

他踢足球

Because this is what I do. This is what I teach.

他對橄欖球感興趣

It's what I study. It's what I treat.

他還想要騎獨輪車。

And I know that kids get concussed every year.

所以我為什麽要擔憂呢？

In fact, more than four million people sustain a concussion every year,

因為這是我研究的領域和我教授的東西。

and these data are just among kids under 14

這也是我所學習和要解決的問題。

who were seen in emergency rooms.

我知道每年都會有兒童遭受腦震蕩。

And so when kids sustain a concussion,

事實上，每年超過四百萬的人遭受腦震蕩，

we talk about them getting dinged or getting their bell rung,

並且這只是14歲以下的兒童

but what is it that we're really talking about?

在緊急救護室的數據。

Let's take a look.

所以當兒童遭受腦震蕩，

[Concussive Force]

我們告訴他們要註意，

"Starsky and Hutch"? Arguably, yes.

但是我們究竟在說些什麽呢？

So, a car accident.

現在請看。

Forty miles an hour into a fixed barrier:

對。可以說是“警界雙雄”場景。是的。

35 Gs.

一場車禍。

A heavyweight boxer punches you straight in the face:

每小時40英裏的速度裝上庫頂的圍欄 -

58 Gs.

對腦顱撞擊力是35克數指。

(Music)

一個重量級的拳擊手

In case you missed it, we'll look again.

重重地打在你的臉上 -

So look to the right-hand side of the screen.

58克撞擊力。

(Music)

如果你沒註意，我們再看一遍。

What would you say?

所以看屏幕的右邊。

How many Gs?

你會說什麽呢？

Close.

多少克？

Seventy-two?

接近了。

Would it be crazy to know:

72克。

103 Gs?

如果我告訴你答案你會很震驚吧

The average concussive impact

103克。

is 95 Gs.

平均的腦震蕩的撞擊力

Now, when the kid on the right doesn't get up,

是95克。

we know they've had a concussion.

現在，當右邊的孩子沒起來，

But how about the kid on the left,

我們知道他們發生了腦震蕩。

or the athlete that leaves the field of play?

但是左邊的孩子呢，

How do we know if he or she has sustained a concussion?

或者是離開場地的運動員呢？

How do we know

我們怎麽知道

that legislation that would require they be pulled from play,

他或者她是否也遭受了腦震蕩呢？

cleared for return to play,

我們怎麽知道

applies to them?

法律要求他們停止比賽，

The definition of concussion

直到恢復才能繼續比賽，

doesn't actually require a loss of consciousness.

適用於他們？

It requires only a change in consciousness,

腦震蕩的定義

and that can be any one or a number of symptoms,

事實上並不需要失去意識。

including feeling foggy, feeling dizzy,

它只需要意識的變化，

hearing a ringing in your ear,

可以是如下的癥狀，

being more impulsive or hostile than usual.

包括感覺模糊，眩暈，

So given all of that and given how darn neurotic I am,

耳朵裏有響聲，

how do I get any sleep at all?

比平常更沖動或具有敵意。

Because I know our brains are resilient.

所以由於這些和我的神經質都有關，

They're designed to recover from an injury.

我怎麽能睡得著呢？

If -- God forbid --

因為我知道

any of us left here tonight and sustained a concussion,

我們的大腦具有恢復性。

most of us would go on to fully recover inside of a couple hours

它們被設計可自行從受傷中恢復

to a couple of weeks.

。

But kids are more vulnerable to brain injury.

如果，上帝禁止，

In fact, high-school athletes are three times more likely

我們之中的人今晚離開這裏並且遭受腦震蕩，

to sustain catastrophic injuries

我們當中的大多數可以完全恢復

relative even to their college-age peers,

在幾個小時

and it takes them longer to return to a symptom-free baseline.

到幾個星期內。

After that first injury,

但是兒童更易發生腦損傷。

their risk for second injury is exponentially greater.

事實上，高中的運動員更可能

From there, their risk for a third injury, greater still, and so on.

遭受巨大的損傷

And here's the really alarming part:

機率是大學生的三倍

We don't fully understand the long-term impact of multiple injuries.

並且他們需要更長的時間

You guys may be familiar with this research

來恢復。

that's coming out of the NFL.

在第一次損傷之後，

In a nutshell, this research suggests that,

他們第二次損傷的風險

among retired NFL players with three or more career concussions,

指數會增大。

the incidence of early-onset dementing disease

通過那數據，他們第三次損傷的概率

is much greater than it is for the general population.

更大，以此類推。

So you've all seen that -- New York Times, you've seen it.

現在這是很嚴峻的情況：

What you may not be familiar with

我們完全不知道

is that this research was spearheaded by NFL wives who said,

多次損傷的長期影響。

"Isn't it weird that my 46-year-old husband

你們可能熟悉這個

is forever losing his keys?"

由NFL進行的研究。

"Isn't it weird that my 47-year-old husband

简单说来，

is forever losing the car?"

這個研究表明

"Isn't it weird that my 48-year-old husband

在退役的NFL運動員中

is forever losing his way home

有三次或更多次職業性的腦震蕩，

in the car, from the driveway?"

早期癡呆癥的概率

I may have forgotten to mention that my son is an only child.

比普通人更大。

So it's going to be really important

所以你們都看過這個 - 紐約時報，你看到了。

that he be able to drive me around someday.

你們可能不熟悉的是

(Laughter)

NFL隊員的妻子們倡導這個研究

So, how do we guarantee the safety of our kids?

說，

How can we 100 percent guarantee the safety of our kids?

“我46歲的丈夫

Let me tell you what I've come up with.

總是丟鑰匙，是不是很奇怪？

(Laughter)

我47歲的丈夫

If only.

以老認不出自家車，是不是很奇怪？

My little boy's right there, and he's like, "She's not kidding.

我48歲的丈夫

She's totally not kidding."

驅車而行，總是記不得回家的路，

So in all seriousness:

是不是很奇怪？”

Should my kid play football?

所以我差點忘記說

Should your kid play football?

我的兒子只是個孩子。

I don't know.

所以這更加重要

But I do know there are three things you can do.

他能夠在將來開車帶著我。

The first: study up.

所以我們怎麽能夠保證我們孩子的安全呢？

You have to be familiar with the issues we're talking about today.

我們怎麽能夠百分之百

There are some great resources out there.

保證我們孩子的安全？

The CDC has a program, HEADS UP.

讓我告訴你們我想的。

It's at CDC.gov.

（笑聲）

HEADS UP is specific to concussion in kids.

但願如此。

The second is a resource I'm personally really proud of.

那個小孩在這裏，他像是說，“她沒在開玩笑。

We've just rolled this out in the last couple months --

她真的沒在開玩笑。”

CO Kids With Brain Injury.

所以很嚴肅地，

This is a great resource for student athletes,

我的孩子應當玩橄欖球嗎？

teachers, parents, professionals, athletic and coaching staff.

你們的孩子應當玩橄欖球嗎？我不知道。

It's a great place to start if you have questions.

但是我知道有三件事你們能做。

The second thing is: speak up.

第一，學習。

Just two weeks ago,

你們需要熟悉我們今天討論的東西。

a bill introduced by Senator Kefalas

這裏有一些很好的資源。

that would have required athletes, kids under 18,

美國疾病控制與預防中心有個項目，預防腦震蕩警告。

to wear a helmet when they're riding their bike,

這在CDC.gov的網站上。

died in committee.

預防腦震蕩警告專門針對兒童的腦震蕩。

It died, in large part,

對於這第二個資源，我很自豪。

because it lacked constituent buy-in;

我們在過去幾個月完成了這個 -

it lacked stakeholder traction.

預防兒童的腦損傷。

Now, I'm not here to tell you

這對學生運動員，

what kind of legislation you should or shouldn't support,

老師，家長，專家，

but I am going to tell you that, if it matters to you,

職業運動員和教練來說，都是很好的資源。

your legislators need to know that.

如果你有問題的話，

Speak up also with coaching staff.

這是一個可以幫助的地方。

Ask about what kind of protective equipment is available.

第二件事是說出來。

What's the budget for protective equipment?

就在兩周前，

How old it is?

一個由參議院Kefalas提交的法案

Maybe offer to spearhead a fundraiser to buy new gear.

要求

Which brings us to: suit up.

運動員，兒童，在18歲下

Wear a helmet.

在騎自行車時戴上頭盔，

The only way to prevent a bad outcome

這法案在委員會被否決了。

is to prevent that first injury from happening.

被否決主要是

Recently, one of my graduate students, Tom, said,

因為它缺乏選民的支持，

"Kim, I've decided to wear a bike helmet on the way to class."

它缺乏投票人的支持。

And Tom knows that that little bit of foam in a bike helmet

現在我不是說什麽樣的立法

can reduce the g-force of impact by half.

你們應當，或不應當，支持，

Now, I thought it was because I have this totally compelling helmet crusade,

但是我要告訴你們，如果這和你們相關，

this epiphany of Tom's.

你們的立法者應當知道這些。

As it turns out, it occurred to Tom that a $20 helmet

同樣包括教練組成員去代言。

is a good way to protect a $100,000 graduate education.

詢問有什麽樣的保護設施。

(Laughter)

保護設施的預算是多少？

So ...

使用時間多久了？

Should Vander play football?

可能要去尋找資金

I can't say no,

去買新的設備。

but I can guarantee that every time he leaves the house,

讓我們準備好行裝，

that kid's wearing a helmet --

戴上頭盔。

like, to the car,

阻止壞結果發生的唯一途徑是

or at school.

防止第一次傷害的發生。

So whether athlete, scholar,

最近，我的一個研究生，湯姆，

overprotected kid, neurotic mom,

他說，

or otherwise,

“Kim，我決定在上課的途中帶上自行車頭盔

here's my baby, Vander,

。”

reminding you

並且湯姆知道在自行車頭盔的小海綿

to mind your matter.

能夠減少撞擊力的克數值一半。

Thank you.

現在我覺得這是

(Applause)

由於我強力地倡導帶頭盔，