I tried to find one that didn't have a whole lot of words.

漫畫其實就是短篇故事，

Not all of them have happy endings.

我找到一篇沒有太多字的漫畫，

So how did I get started cartooning?

不是所有的漫畫都有快樂的結局。

I doodled a lot as a kid,

那我倒底是怎麼開始畫漫畫的呢？

and if you spend enough time doodling,

我小時候很喜歡塗鴉，

sooner or later, something happens:

如果你花很多時間塗鴉，

all your career options run out.

遲早有一天，你會發現：

So you have to make a living cartooning.

你對未來沒有太多選擇，

Actually, I fell in love with the ocean when I was a little boy,

你只能靠畫漫畫過活。

when I was about eight or nine.

我從很小的時候就愛上海洋了，

And I was particularly fascinated with sharks.

那時我大概才八、九歲，

This is some of my early work.

我對鯊魚特別有興趣，

Eventually, my mom took the red crayon away,

這是我那時的畫作。

so it was [unclear].

後來，我媽把紅色蠟筆拿走了，

But I'd like to relay to you a childhood experience of mine

所以我就...

that really made me see the ocean differently,

但我想讓你們知道，在我小時候曾經歷過一件事，

and it's become the foundation of my work

讓我對海洋的印象完全改觀，

because, I feel like, if in a day,

也讓我奠定未來工作的基礎，

I can see the ocean differently,

因為我覺得，

then I can evoke that same kind of change in others,

如果我能改變自己對海洋的印象，

especially kids.

我也一定能改變別人對海洋的印象，

Before that day, this is how I saw the ocean.

尤其是改變小孩子的印象。

It's just a big blue surface.

在那件事發生之前，我對海洋的印象就像這樣，

And this is how we've seen the ocean since the beginning of time.

我覺得海洋只是一片藍海，

It's a mystery.

這是我們所有人對海洋的最初印象，

There's been a lot of folklore

很神祕。

developed around the ocean,

有很多關於海洋的

mostly negative.

民間故事，

And that prompted people to make maps like this,

但都很負面，

with all kinds of wonderful detail on the land,

所以人們畫出來的地圖會像這樣，

but when you get to the waters edge,

對陸地描繪得巨細靡遺，

the ocean looks like one giant puddle of blue paint.

但一畫到陸地邊緣的海洋，

And this is the way I saw the ocean at school --

就只是用藍色的顏料描繪成一大潭水而已。

as if to say, "All geography and science lessons

這是我在學校時對海洋的印象，

stop at water's edge.

就好像老師說：「所有的地理和科學

This part's not going to be on the test."

都只教到陸地邊緣而已，

But that day I flew low over the islands --

其他部分不會列入考試範圍。」

it was a family trip to the Caribbean,

但那天，我低空飛到那些小島上--

and I flew in a small plane low over the islands.

我們全家一起去加勒比海玩，

This is what I saw. I saw hills and valleys.

我們搭乘一架小飛機低空飛過那些小島，

I saw forests and meadows.

我看到這個，我看到丘陵和山谷，

I saw grottoes and secret gardens

我看到森林和草地，

and places I'd love to hide as a kid,

我看到石窟和隱密的花園，

if I could only breathe underwater.

我還找到小孩最喜歡躲藏的地點，

And best of all, I saw the animals.

就在海裡，真希望我能在海底呼吸。

I saw a manta ray that looked as big as the plane I was flying in.

最棒的是，我還在海裡看到動物，

And I flew over a lagoon with a shark in it,

我看到一隻和我搭乘的小飛機一樣大的魟魚。

and that was the day that my comic strip about a shark was born.

然後我到了一個有鯊魚的潟湖，

So from that day on, I was an ordinary kid

我的鯊魚漫畫就從此誕生了。

walking around on dry land,

從那一天起，我這個踩在陸地上的

but my head was down there, underwater.

平凡小孩，

Up until that day,

滿腦子想的都是海底世界。

these were the animals that were most common in my life.

在那之前，

These were the ones I'd like to draw --

最常出現在我生活裡的動物是這些，

all variations of four legs and fur.

我喜歡畫的也是這些動物，

But when you got to the ocean,

全都有四隻腳，也都有毛。

my imagination was no competition for nature.

但我到了海底之後，

Every time I'd come up with a crazy cartoon character on the drawing board,

我發現我的想像力根本比不上大自然，

I'd find a critter in the ocean that was even crazier.

每次我好不容易在畫板上畫出一個怪異的角色，

And the differences in scale between this tiny sea dragon

我就會在海裡發現一個比它更古怪的生物。

and this enormous humpback whale

各式古怪的生物都有，小到像這隻小海龍，

was like something out of a science-fiction movie.

大到像這隻巨大的座頭鯨，

Whenever I talk to kids, I always like to tell them,

全都像是從科幻電影裡走出來的生物。

the biggest animal that ever lived is still alive.

每次我和孩子們說話，我都會告訴他們，

It's not a dinosaur; it's a whale,

世界上最大的生物到現在都還活著，

animals as big as office buildings

不是恐龍，是鯨魚，

still swimming around out there in our ocean.

他們就像辦公大樓一樣大，

Speaking of dinosaurs, sharks are basically

還在海洋裡游著。

the same fish they were 300 million years ago.

講到恐龍，在三億年以前，

So if you ever fantasize about going back in time

鯊魚其實是和恐龍同種的生物，

and seeing what a dinosaur looked like,

所以如果你曾幻想回到過去，

that's what a dinosaur looks like.

想看看恐龍長什麼樣子，

So you have living dinosaurs

你會看到像鯊魚這樣的生物。

and space aliens,

你在海裡會看到活的恐龍

animals that evolved in zero gravity in harsh conditions.

和太空生物，

It's just incredible; no Hollywood designer

還有在零重力這樣嚴苛環境下演化出來的生物，

could come up with something more interesting than that.

很不可思議，連好萊塢的設計師

Or this fangtooth. The particles in the water

都沒有辦法想出比這些更有趣的生物了。

make it look like it's floating in outer space.

這是尖牙(食人魔魚)，水裡的一些雜質

Could you image if we looked through the Hubble Telescope

讓它看起來像是飄浮在外太空，

and we saw that?

你能想像透過哈柏望遠鏡

It would start a whole new space race.

看到這隻尖牙嗎？

But instead, we stick a camera in the deep ocean,

你可能以為那是一個全新的太空物種。

and we see a fish, and it doesn't capture our imagination

其實不是，那是我們放在深海的攝影機拍的，

as a society.

我們看到的魚，幾乎都是我們以前

We say to ourselves,

沒有想像過的。

"Maybe we can make fish sticks with it or something."

我們心裡還想著：

So, what I'd like to do now

「或許我們可以用這種魚來做炸魚排或什麼的。」

is try a little drawing.

我現在要來

So, I'm going to try to draw this fangtooth here.

畫一些圖，

I love to draw the deep sea fish,

我先來畫這隻尖牙。

because they are so ugly,

我很喜歡畫深海魚類，

but beautiful in their own way.

因為他們很醜，

Maybe we can give him a little bioluminescence here --

但是醜到有一種他們自有的美感。

give him a headlight,

或許我們可以幫它加上一點它自己發出的光，

maybe a brake light,

像是幫它裝一盞頭燈，

turn signals.

再裝一個煞車燈，

But it's easy to see why these animals

還有方向燈。

make such great cartoon characters,

很明顯的，這些海洋生物

their shapes and sizes.

很適合當卡通人物，

So some of them actually seem to have powers

因為他們有特殊的形狀和大小。

like superheroes in a comic book.

這些生物有的還具有某種力量，

For instance,

像是漫畫書裡的超級英雄一樣，

take these sea turtles.

舉例來說，

They kind of have a sixth sense

這隻海龜，

like Superman's x-ray vision.

它似乎具有超強的第六感，

They can sense the magnetic fields of the earth.

可以像超人一樣具有X光的透視力，

And they can use that sense

它可以感測到地球上的磁場，

to navigate hundreds of miles of open ocean.

並運用這種感知能力，

I kind of give my turtle hands

在無邊的大海裡遨遊數百哩。

just to make them an easier cartoon character to work with.

我習慣幫海龜加上手，

Or take this sea cucumber.

好讓它更具有卡通人物的親和力。

It's not an animal we draw cartoons of

再來看看這隻海參，

or draw at all.

平常我們完全不會畫海參，

He's like an underwater Spiderman.

或是把它畫成卡通人物，

He shoots out these sticky webs

但它卻像是海底的蜘蛛人，

to entangle his enemy.

它會發射黏人的網子，

Of course, sea cucumbers shoot them out their rears,

把敵人包纏起來。

which, in my opinion, makes them much more interesting a superhero.

其實，海參是把它的屁股發射出去攻擊敵人，

(Laughter)

在我看來，它更像搞笑的超級英雄。

He can't spin a web anytime; he's got to pull his pants down first.

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

它不能隨時隨地發射網子，它得先把褲子脫下來才行。

Or the blowfish.

(笑聲)

The blowfish is like the Incredible Hulk.

再來是河豚，

It can change its body

河豚就像綠巨人浩克，

into a big, intimidating fish

它會改變身體的形狀，

in a matter of seconds.

變成體型很大、嚇人的魚，

I'm going to draw this blowfish uninflated.

只要幾秒就變身完成。

And then I'm going to attempt

我先畫變身前的河豚，

onscreen animation here.

然後我要在這裡

Let's see.

現場幫它製作動畫，

Try and inflate it.

來了，

(Laughter)

變大了！

"You talkin' to me?" See, he can inflate himself

(笑聲)

when he wants to be intimidating.

「你在跟我說話嗎？」看，它變大了，

Or take this swordfish.

只要它想要嚇別人，就會變大。

Could you imagine being born with a tool for a nose?

接下來是劍魚，

Do you think he wakes up in the morning, looks in the mirror and says,

你能想像自己天生就有一個長鼻子嗎？

"Somebody's getting stabbed today."

你以為它早晨醒來，會看著鏡子說：

Or this lionfish for instance.

「今天有人要被捅了。」

Imagine trying to make friends

或是獅子魚，

covered with razor-sharp poisonous barbs.

想像這隻獅子魚想要交朋友，

It's not something you want to put on your Facebook page, right?

但自己身上卻佈滿了像刀片一樣鋒利的有毒螫刺，

My characters are --

你不會想要把這東西放上你的Facebook吧？

my lead character's a shark named Sherman.

我的卡通人物...

He's a great white shark.

我的漫畫主角是一隻叫做謝門的鯊魚，

And I kind of broke the mold with Sherman.

它是一隻大白鯊，

I didn't want to go with this ruthless

是我創造了謝門。

predator image.

我不想讓謝門保有殘暴的

He's kind of just out there making a living.

掠食者形象，

He's sort of a Homer Simpson with fins.

我讓它成為像我們一樣討生活的人，

And then his sidekick

就有點像是有鰭辛普森家族的人。

is a sea turtle, as I mentioned before, named Filmore.

這個漫畫的配角

He uses his wonderful skills at navigation

是一隻海龜，就像我之前提過的，它叫做費爾摩，

to wander the oceans, looking for a mate.

它具有高超的方向感，

And he does manage to find them,

可以在海裡遨遊，它最希望能找到伴侶，

but great navigation skills, lousy pick-up lines.

而它也盡力去找了，

He never seems

但是它高超的方向感並沒有幫上什麼忙，

to settle on

它似乎

any particular girl.

永遠不能

I have a hermit crab named Hawthorne,

和哪一個女孩子定下來。

who doesn't get a lot of respect as a hermit crab,

還有一隻叫做哈松的寄居蟹，

so he kind of wishes

因為老是得不到別人的尊重，

he were a great white shark.

所以它還滿希望

And then I'll introduce you to one more character,

自己變成一隻大白鯊呢！

this guy, Ernest,

再介紹另一個角色，

who is basically a juvenile delinquent

恩尼斯這傢伙，

in a fish body.

其實是披著魚皮的

So with characters, you can make stories.

少年犯。

Sometimes making a story is as easy

有了這些角色，就可以開始說故事了。

as putting two characters in a room

說故事有時候很簡單，

and seeing what happens.

就只要把二個角色放進同一個房間裡，

So, imagine a great white shark and a giant squid in the same bathroom.

看看會發生什麼事就行了。

(Laughter)

好，現在想像一下，一隻大白鯊和一隻大烏賊一起待在洗手間裡。

Or, sometimes I take them to places

(笑聲)

that people have never heard of because they're underwater.

因為他們海底生物，所以有時

For instance, I took them skiing in the Mid-Atlantic Range,

我會把他們帶到大家沒聽過的地方，

which is this range of mountains in the middle of the Atlantic.

像是我會把他們帶到大西洋中部滑雪，

I've taken them to the Sea of Japan,

就在大西洋中部附近的山區；

where they met giant jellyfish.

我也曾經把他們帶到日本海域，

I've taken them camping in the kelp forests of California.

他們在那裡遇到了大水母；

This next one here,

我還曾把他們帶到加州的海帶森林裡露營。

I did a story on the census of marine life.

接下來，

And that was a lot of fun because, as most of you know,

我畫了有關海洋生物戶口普查的故事，

it's a real project we've heard about.

這真的很好玩，因為大家都知道

But it was a chance for me to introduce readers

戶口普查這項計畫。

to a lot of crazy undersea characters.

對我來說，這是為讀者介紹

So we start off the story with Ernest,

古怪海洋生物的大好機會。

who volunteers as a census taker.

一開始是讓恩尼斯當主角，

He goes down and he meets this famous anglerfish.

它自願當戶口普查員，

Then he meets the yeti crab,

它去到深海看到那隻有名的鮟鱇魚，

the famous vampire squid -- elusive, hard to find --

還看到雪蟹、

and the Dumbo octopus, which looks so much like a cartoon in real life

著名的吸血鬼烏賊(傘蛸)--它很會躲，很不容易找到--

that really didn't have to change a thing when I drew it.

還有小飛象章魚(煙灰蛸)，它真的很像卡通人物，

I did another story on marine debris.

我在畫的時候，一點也不必修改它的樣子。

I was speaking to a lot of my friends

我還畫了另一個關於海洋廢棄物的故事。

in the conservation business,

那時我和許多保育界的朋友

and they --

在一起談話，

I asked them, "So what's one issue you would like everyone to know more about?"

他們...

And they said -- this one friend of mine said,

我問他們：「哪一個議題是你們想讓大家多瞭解一點的？」

"I've got one word for you: plastic."

他們說...我的一個朋友說：

And I told him, "Well, I need something a little sexier than that.

「只有二個字：塑膠。」

Plastic just is not going to do it."

我說：「嗯，我需要更吸引人的東西，

We sort of worked things out.

光是塑膠二個字，提不起別人的興趣。」

He wanted me to use words like polyvinyl chloride,

於是我們一起想辦法解決，

which doesn't really work in voice balloons very well.

他要我用聚氯乙稀這種字眼，

I couldn't fit them in.

但我覺得一點都不響亮，

So what I did was I made an adventure strip.

也放不進我的漫畫裡。

Basically, this bottle travels a long way.

我後來把這個主題畫成一段冒險旅程，

What I'm trying to tell readers

我讓一個瓶子漂流到很遠的地方，

is that plastic doesn't really go away;

我想告訴讀者，

it just continues to wash downstream.

塑膠不會消失，

And a lot of it ends up washing into the ocean,

只是不斷地在我們的河裡漂流，

which is a great story if you attach a couple characters to it,

最後他們會漂流到海裡。

especially if they can't stand each other, like these two.

我把幾個角色放進故事裡，尤其是這二個

So, I sent them to Boise, Idaho,

互相看不順眼角色，就成了很棒的漫畫。

where they dropped a plastic bottle

我把場景設定在愛達荷州的首府波伊斯，

into the Boise sewer system.

有人在那裡丟了一個塑膠瓶，

And it ended up in the Boise River

掉進波伊斯的下水道系統，

and then on to the Columbia River

來到波伊斯河裡，

and then to the mouth of the Columbia

接下來漂到了哥倫比亞河，

and to the Pacific Ocean

來到哥倫比亞河口，

and then on to this place called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch --

漂進太平洋，

which is this giant Pacific gyre in the North Pacific,

來到太平洋垃圾處理場這裡，

where a lot of this plastic ends up floating around --

而北太平洋的洋流

and then back onto the lagoon.

會把聚集在這裡的塑膠瓶，

So that was basically a buddy story

全都沖回到謝門的潟湖裡。

with a plastic bottle following along.

這其實是一般的朋友情義故事，

So a lot of people remember the plastic bottle anyway,

只是多了個塑膠瓶而已，

but we really talked about marine debris and plastic

但是大部分的人都會記得那個塑膠瓶，

in the course of that one.

而我們要透過故事傳達的，也只是海洋廢棄物

The third storyline I did about a year and a half ago

和塑膠的概念而已。

was probably my most difficult.

一年半前，我製作了第三個故事，

It was on shark finning, and I felt really strongly

那是三個故事裡最難的一個。

about this issue.

這個故事是在講鯊魚鰭(魚翅)，

And I felt like, since my main character was a shark,

我很重視這個議題，

the comic strip was a perfect vehicle for telling the public about this.

我認為，既然我的主角是鯊魚，

Now, finning is the act

我的漫畫就最適合拿來宣導這個議題。

of taking a shark, cutting the valuable fins off

魚翅是把鯊魚捉上來後，

and throwing the live animal back in the water.

把貴重的魚鰭切割下來製作而成，

It's cruel, it's wasteful.

至於沒有鰭的鯊魚，則又被丟回海裡。

There's nothing funny or entertaining about it,

很殘忍，也很浪費，

but I really wanted to take this issue on.

一點也不好玩，也沒有好笑的笑點，