and I've been involved in the documentary

我的名字是瑞安羅伯，

filmmaking business all over the world for the last 10 years.

我在過去的10年之中，在世界各地

During the process of making these films

參與製作了不少的紀錄片。

I found myself taking photographs,

在這些紀錄片的拍攝過程中，

often much to the annoyance of the video cameramen.

我發現我自己會在一旁拍攝照片，

I found this photography of mine almost compulsive.

而這往往惹惱了紀錄片的攝影師，

And at the end of a shoot, I would sometimes feel that

因為我的這種攝影習慣幾乎已經變成了一種強迫行為。

I had photographs that told a better story

每次拍完紀錄片，我都會覺得

than a sometimes-sensational documentary.

我自己拍的照片，比精彩的紀錄片

I felt, when I had my photographs,

來得更具故事性。

that I was holding on to something true,

我覺得，我所拍攝的照片，

regardless of agendas or politics.

代表著某種真相，

In 2007, I traveled to three war zones.

不管原本要拍的議題或政策是什麼。

I traveled to Iraq, Afghanistan and Liberia.

在2007年，我到過三個戰區。

And over there I experienced

我去了伊拉克，阿富汗和賴比瑞亞。

other people's suffering, up close and personal,

在那裡，我很真實的接觸到

immersed myself in some rather intense and emotional stories,

其他人所經歷的苦難，

and at times I experienced great fear for my own life.

讓我沉浸在一些相當濃烈的情感故事當中，

As always, I would return to Bangalore,

而有時候，我也會為自己的生命安危感到害怕。

and often to animated discussions at friend's homes,

一如既往，我回到班加羅爾(Bangalore)，

where we would discuss various issues

並且像以往一樣在朋友的家裡，

while they complained bitterly about the new pub timings,

參與討論各種話題。

where a drink often cost more than what they'd paid

而當他們都在苦苦抱怨新酒吧的營業時間時，

their 14-year-old maid.

我發現這些酒吧的飲料售價往往比

I would feel very isolated during these discussions.

他們14歲的女傭工資來得更高。

But at the same time, I questioned myself

在這些討論當中，我覺得非常孤立，

and my own integrity and purpose in storytelling.

但同時我也問我自己，

And I decided that I had compromised,

究竟為什麼要分享這些故事，背後的精神是否夠正直。

just like my friends in those discussions,

因此，我做出讓步，

where we told stories

就像我這些朋友在討論的事情一樣，

in contexts we made excuses for,

我們講出來的故事，

rather than taking responsibility for.

是要為某些事情找藉口，

I won't go into details about what led to a decision I made,

而不是要去承擔甚麼責任。

but let's just say it involved alcohol, cigarettes,

我不會詳細說明是什麼讓我做出這個決定，

other substances and a woman.

就把原因想成是因為有酒精、香煙、

(Laughter)

其他東西和一個女人涉入吧。

I basically decided that it was I,

(笑聲)

not the camera or the network,

基本上我認為是我們自己，

or anything that lay outside myself,

而不是攝影機、網路，

that was the only instrument in storytelling

或是任何外在的東西，

truly worth tuning.

我們自己才是去述說故事的

In my life, when I tried to achieve things

最佳媒介。

like success or recognition, they eluded me.

在我的生命之中，當我試著去追求

Paradoxically, when I let go of these objectives,

成功和名利時，我無法得到它們，

and worked from a place of compassion and purpose,

相反地，當我放下這些目標，

looking for excellence, rather than the results of it,

抱持同情和堅定的做事態度，

everything arrived on its own, including fulfillment.

尋求的是卓越而非成果時，

Photography transcended culture, including my own.

一切都水到渠成，包含自我實現。

And it is, for me, a language which expressed the intangible,

攝影是超越於文化之上的，包含我自己的文化；

and gives voice to people and stories without.

對我而言，攝影是表達看不到的東西的一種語言，

I invite you into three recent stories of mine,

也是賦予無聲的人或故事的一種聲音。

which are about this way of looking, if you will,

我要講三個最近發生在我身上的故事，

which I believe exemplify the tenets

讓我們用這樣的方式來看，假如您可以的話，

of what I like to call compassion in storytelling.

我相信我的故事

In 2007 I went to Liberia,

可以證明同情心的存在。

where a group of my friends and I

在2007年，我去了賴比瑞亞，

did an independent, self-funded film, still in progress,

一群朋友和我

on a very legendary and brutal war-lord

正在那裡製作一部獨立製片的影片，

named General Butt Naked.

故事是關於一位非常傳奇、也很殘酷的軍閥---

His real name is Joshua, and he's pictured here in a cell

光屁股(Butt Naked)將軍。

where he once used to torture and murder people,

他的真實姓名是賈許(Joshua)，這張照片拍攝於一個囚室，

including children.

他在這裡曾用酷刑虐待和謀殺很多人，

Joshua claims to have personally killed

包含小孩。

more than 10,000 people during Liberia's civil war.

賈許坦承在賴比瑞亞內戰裡，

He got his name from fighting stark naked.

親自謀殺了超過一萬人。

And he is probably the most prolific mass murderer

他的名字得自於他戰鬥時的一絲不掛，

alive on Earth today.

他可能是至今還活在世界上

This woman witnessed the General murdering her brother.

屠殺最多人的殺人犯。

Joshua commanded his child-soldiers to commit unspeakable crimes,

這位女性親眼目睹將軍殺害了她的弟弟，

and enforced his command with great brutality.

賈許命令他的兒童士兵犯下滔天罪行，

Today many of these children are addicted to drugs like heroin,

並以十分殘酷的方式執行他的命令。

and they are destitute, like these young men in the image.

今天，許多這些童兵還沉迷於毒品海洛因，

How do you live with yourself

就像照片中的這些年輕人，他們是非常貧困的。

if you know you've committed horrific crimes?

如果你知道你犯下了可怕的罪行，

Today the General is a baptized Christian evangelist.

你要如何面對你自己呢？

And he's on a mission.

現在，這位將軍已是受洗過的基督教傳道者，

We accompanied Joshua, as he walked the Earth,

他有他的使命。

visiting villages where he had once killed and raped.

我們陪同著賈許，

He seeked forgiveness,

前往他曾殺害和強姦人民的鄉村，

and he claims to endeavor to improve

祈求人們的原諒，

the lives of his child-soldiers.

並聲稱他會努力改善

During this expedition I expected him

童兵的生活。

to be killed outright, and us as well.

在這次旅途中，我以為

But what I saw opened my eyes

他會被當場打死，我們也逃不了。

to an idea of forgiveness

但是，我卻大開眼界，

which I never thought possible.

看到人們對他的寬恕，

In the midst of incredible poverty and loss,

這是我從沒想過會發生的事。

people who had nothing absolved a man

在難以置信的貧困和損失當中，

who had taken everything from them.

一無所有的人們

He begs for forgiveness,

寬恕了眼前這位曾經奪走一切的人。

and receives it from the same woman

他祈求這位女士寬恕

whose brother he murdered.

他殺害她弟弟的罪行，

Senegalese, the young man seated on the wheelchair here,

這位女士寬恕了他。

was once a child soldier, under the General's command,

席尼格里，這位坐在輪椅上的年輕人，

until he disobeyed orders,

曾經是將軍手下的兒童士兵。

and the General shot off both his legs.

由於他不服從命令，

He forgives the General in this image.

而被將軍槍擊，失去了雙腿。

He risked his life as he walked up to people

在這張照片中，年輕人寬恕了將軍。

whose families he'd murdered.

他冒著生命危險，走向人群，

In this photograph a hostile crowd in a slum surrounds him.

他曾謀殺過那些人的家人。

And Joshua remains silent

這張照片裡，貧民窟裡充滿敵意的人們包圍著他。

as they vented their rage against him.

賈許在面對他們的憤怒時，

This image, to me, is almost like from a Shakespearean play,

始終保持沉默。

with a man, surrounded by various influences,

對我來說，這張照片幾乎就像是莎士比亞的戲劇：

desperate to hold on to something true within himself,

一個人在多重壓力之下，

in a context of great suffering that he has created himself.

極力想抓住自己信奉的真理，

I was intensely moved during all this.

而他自己竟是造成這些苦難的元凶。

But the question is,

這一切讓我很感動。

does forgiveness and redemption replace justice?

但問題是，

Joshua, in his own words, says that he does not mind

寬恕和救贖是否可以取代正義？

standing trial for his crimes,

賈許用自己的話說，

and speaks about them from soapboxes across Monrovia,

他並不介意接受審判，

to an audience that often includes his victims.

也不介意將他的罪行公諸於世，他願意走遍蒙羅維亞，

A very unlikely spokesperson for the idea of

讓所有他的受害者聽聽他的罪行。

separation of church and state.

將軍成了最不可思議的

The second story I'm going to tell you about

政教分離宣達使。

is about a group of very special fighting women

我要告訴您們的第二個故事，

with rather unique peace-keeping skills.

是有關一群特別的女鬥士，

Liberia has been devastated by one of Africa's

她們有特殊的維持和平的能力。

bloodiest civil wars,

賴比瑞亞曾飽受非洲

which has left more than 200,000 people dead,

最血腥的內戰之一摧殘，

thousands of women scarred by rape and crime

造成20萬以上的人罹難，

on a spectacular scale.

成千上萬名婦女受到強暴，並大規模地

Liberia is now home

受到其他罪行的傷害。

to an all-woman United Nations contingent

現在聯合國已派遣一支

of Indian peacekeepers.

來自印度、且全由女性組成的維和部隊，

These women, many from small towns in India,

進駐賴比瑞亞。

help keep the peace, far away from home and family.

這些女性，許多是來自印度的小鎮。

They use negotiation and tolerance

她們遠離家園，前來協助維護和平。

more often than an armed response.

她們使用協商及包容的方式，

The commander told me that a woman could gauge

多過於使用武力回應。

a potentially violent situation

她們的領導人告訴我，女性評估

much better than men.

潛在暴力狀況的能力，

And that they were definitely capable of diffusing it non-aggressively.

遠比男性來得強。

This man was very drunk,

而她們絕對有能力使用非侵略性的方式化解這些局面。

and he was very interested in my camera,

這一位爛醉的男性，

until he noticed the women, who handled him

對我的照相機非常感興趣，

with smiles, and AK-47s at the ready, of course.

直到他注意到了這群女性：

(Laughter)

她們配備著AK-47步槍，對他微笑。

This contingent seems to be quite lucky,

(笑聲)

and it has not sustained any casualties,

這支維和部隊似乎非常幸運，

even though dozens of peacekeepers have been killed in Liberia.

到目前為止都沒有任何傷亡記錄，

And yes, all of those people killed were male.

雖然在賴比瑞亞，已經有許多和平維護者遭到殺害。

Many of the women are married with children,

是的，所有被殺害的和平維護者都是男性。

and they say the hardest part of their deployment

許多成員都已婚，並有孩子。

was being kept away from their children.

她們說，最困難的部分，

I accompanied these women on their patrols,

就是必須遠離她們的孩子。

and watched as they walked past men,

我陪著她們一起巡邏，

many who passed very lewd comments incessantly.

並看到許多男人在她們經過的時候，

And when I asked one of the women about the shock and awe response,

不斷地拋出猥褻的話語。

she said, "Don't worry, same thing back home.

當我詢問她們其中一位成員她們對這些反應的看法時，

We know how to deal with these fellows,"

她回答：「不用擔心，在我們家鄉也是這樣。

and ignored them.

我們早就知道該如何對付這些傢伙了，」

In a country ravaged by violence against women,

她根本不理他們。

Indian peacekeepers have inspired many local women

在這樣一個對女性加諸暴力的國家，

to join the police force.

來自於印度的和平維護者，鼓勵了許多當地女性

Sometimes, when the war is over and all the film crews have left,

加入警察的行列。

the most inspiring stories are the ones

有時候，當戰爭已經結束，所有的電影攝製隊已經離開之後，

that float just beneath the radar.

那些最激動人心的故事，

I came back to India and nobody was interested in buying the story.

往往都是最不為人知的。

And one editor told me that she wasn't interested

我回到印度兜售這個故事，但沒有人有興趣。

in doing what she called "manual labor stories."

有一個編輯告訴我說，她對這些

In 2007 and 2009 I did stories on the Delhi Fire Service, the DFS,

「勞動者的故事」並不感興趣。

which, during the summer, is probably the world's most active fire department.

在2007年和2009年間，我為德里消防局(DFS)製作了影片。

They answer more than 5,000 calls in just two months.

在夏季，DFS可能是世界上最忙碌的消防隊，

And all this against incredible logistical odds,

他們在兩個月內就接到超過5,000個救災電話。

like heat and traffic jams.

有些事情完全違背了我們一般的思考邏輯，

Something amazing happened during this shoot.

像是猛烈的火勢和交通阻塞等。

Due to a traffic jam, we were late in getting to a slum,

在拍攝過程中，我們也會遇到一些令人吃驚的事。

a large slum, which had caught fire.

有一次因為交通阻塞，我們無法及時趕到一個貧民窟，

As we neared, angry crowds attacked our trucks

那是一個很大的貧民窟，它著火了。

and stoned them, by hundreds of people all over the place.

當我們接近貧民窟時，數百人從各個方向

These men were terrified,

投擲石塊，憤怒地攻擊我們的消防車。

as the mob attacked our vehicle.

當暴徒襲擊我們車輛的時候，

But nonetheless, despite the hostility,

這些消防員嚇壞了。

firefighters left the vehicle and successfully fought the fire.

儘管暴徒的敵意如此強烈，

Running the gauntlet through hostile crowds,

消防隊員還是跳下消防車，並且成功地滅了火。

and some wearing motorbike helmets to prevent injury.

他們試圖通過充滿敵意的人群，

Some of the local people forcibly took away the hoses

有些消防員還為了防止受傷而戴著摩托車安全帽，

from the firemen to put out the fire in their homes.

當地一些居民甚至強行帶走了

Now, hundreds of homes were destroyed.

消防員撲滅大火用的水管。

But the question that lingered in my mind was,

現在，數百個住家被燒毀了。

what causes people to destroy fire trucks

但縈繞在我心頭的問題是，

headed to their own homes?

到底是什麼原因，讓人們破壞這些

Where does such rage come from?

原本要去幫忙滅火的消防車?

And how are we responsible for this?

他們的憤怒究竟從何而來？

45 percent of the 14 million people

而我們又該負起什麼責任呢？

who live in Delhi live in unauthorized slums,

在德里的一千四百萬人口裡，有百分之四十五的人，

which are chronically overcrowded.

居住在擁擠的非法貧民窟內，

They lack even the most basic amenities.

裡面長期人滿為患，

And this is something that is common to all our big cities.

也缺乏最基本的設施，

Back to the DFS. A huge chemical depot caught fire,

在印度的所有大城市裡，這算司空見慣的事。

thousands of drums filled with petrochemicals

再回到DFS，有一個巨大的化學品倉庫起火，

were blazing away and exploding all around us.

在我們的周圍有數千桶石化液體

The heat was so intense, that hoses were used

爆炸燃燒。

to cool down firefighters

火勢非常的猛烈，消防水管被用來

fighting extremely close to the fire, and with no protective clothing.

噴水在最靠近火場、

In India we often love to complain about our government bodies.

且沒有任何防護衣物的消防員身上，以便降溫。

But over here, the heads of the DFS,

在印度，我們常常喜歡抱怨我們的政府機構，

Mr. R.C. Sharman, Mr. A.K. Sharman,

但是在這裡， DFS的首長，

led the firefight with their men.

二位沙曼先生，

Something wonderful in a country where

帶領他們消防隊員直衝現場滅火。

manual labor is often looked down upon.

這對看不起勞動工作者的國家來說，

(Applause)

是一件很了不起的事。

Over the years, my faith in the power of storytelling has been tested.

(掌聲)

And I've had very serious doubt about its efficacy,

我原本認為故事本身有一種力量，但這些年來，我一直對這個信念存疑，

and my own faith in humanity.

我曾經非常嚴肅地懷疑它的功效，

However, a film we shot still airs on the National Geographic channel.

也懷疑自己對於人性還有幾分信任。

And when it airs I get calls from all the guys I was with

然而，我們拍攝的影片卻一直在國家地理頻道播出。

and they tell me that they receive hundreds of calls congratulating them.

當影片播出時，我接到當時和我一同在現場的那些人的電話，

Some of the firemen told me that they were also inspired

他們說他們接到數百通的祝賀電話。

to do better because they were so pleased

有些消防隊員告訴我這些電話

to get thank-yous rather than brick bats.

讓他們想做的更好，因為每個人都很高興

It seems that this story helped change perceptions about the DFS,

能得到別人的感謝，而不是挨打。

at least in the minds of an audience in part on televisions,

這故事似乎改變了人們對DFS的看法，

read magazines and whose huts aren't on fire.

至少有一部分看過電視、

Sometimes, focusing on what's heroic, beautiful and dignified,

讀過雜誌、或自己的小屋沒有起火的人心裡已有改觀。

regardless of the context,

有時候，不管實質的內容為何，

can help magnify these intangibles three ways,

當我們只看所謂的英雄、美麗與尊嚴時，

in the protagonist of the story, in the audience,

這些無形的特質就會被放大，

and also in the storyteller.

讓他們展現在故事的主角、聽眾、

And that's the power of storytelling.

及說故事的人身上，

Focus on what's dignified, courageous and beautiful,

這就是故事的力量。

and it grows. Thank you.

只看尊嚴、勇氣和美麗，

(Applause)

故事的力量就會變大，謝謝！