I usually do a whole spiel about sustainability

當我開始這種演講的時候，

because a lot of people out there don't know what that is.

我常會滔滔不絕的談論有關可持續性，

This is a crowd that does know what it is,

因為很多人都對這個話題不熟識。

so I'll like just do like the 60-second crib-note version. Right?

這裏是一羣熟識這個話題的人，

So just bear with me. We'll go real fast, you know?

因此我只會作一個六十秒的短版。 好嗎？

Fill in the blanks.

那請給我少許耐性。我們隨著會說得很快，

So, you know, sustainability, small planet.

填補任何不足之處。

Right? Picture a little Earth, circling around the sun.

論到可持續性，我們有的是一個小行星。

You know, about a million years ago,

對嗎？ 試想一個小地球，圍繞著太陽在轉。

a bunch of monkeys fell out of trees,

大約在一百萬年前，

got a little clever, harnessed fire,

一羣猴子從樹上跌下，

invented the printing press,

變得有一點聰明，會利用火，

made, you know, luggage with wheels on it.

發明了印刷術，

And, you know, built the society that we now live in.

把行李箱安上滑輪。

Unfortunately, while this society is, without a doubt,

並且建立了我們現在生活的社會。

the most prosperous and dynamic the world has ever created,

不幸地，當這毫無疑問地

it's got some major, major flaws.

是世界上建立最興旺最有動力的社會，

One of them is that every society has an ecological footprint.

它卻有一些重要的瑕疵。

It has an amount of impact on the planet that's measurable.

其中一點是每個社會都有一個生態足跡。

How much stuff goes through your life,

它對地球有多大影響是可以量度得到。

how much waste is left behind you.

有多少東西在你的生活中曾出現，

And we, at the moment, in our society,

隨後產生了多少廢物。

have a really dramatically unsustainable level of this.

而我們現在這個社會

We're using up about five planets.

有一個真正引人注目，無法持續的水平。

If everybody on the planet lived the way we did,

我們消耗了約五個地球。

we'd need between five, six, seven,

如果地球上每個人都像我們這樣生活，

some people even say 10 planets to make it.

我們便會需要五、六、七、

Clearly we don't have 10 planets.

甚至某些人說十個地球去支持。

Again, you know, mental, visual, 10 planets, one planet,

明顯地我們並沒有十個地球。

10 planets, one planet. Right?

再次想像一下，十個地球、一個地球、

We don't have that. So that's one problem.

十個地球、一個地球．．．是嗎？

The second problem is that the planet that we have

我們沒有十個地球。因此那是一個問題。

is being used in wildly unfair ways. Right?

第二個問題是我們有的地球

North Americans, such as myself, you know,

正被不公平地胡亂使用，對不對？

we're basically sort of wallowing, gluttonous hogs,

北美洲人，如我自己，

and we're eating all sorts of stuff.

我們基本像是沉溺貪嘴的豬，

And, you know, then you get all the way down

我們吃著各種東西。

to people who live in the Asia-Pacific region, or even more, Africa.

然後我們往這兒一直看到

And people simply do not have enough to survive.

亞太區居住的人，甚至更遠至非洲。

This is producing all sorts of tensions,

他們基本上是沒有足夠食物去生存。

all sorts of dynamics that are deeply disturbing.

這導致了種種的緊張局勢，

And there's more and more people on the way. Right?

各種滋擾性的動力。

So, this is what the planet's going to look like in 20 years.

而我們將會有越來越多人在這個情況。

It's going to be a pretty crowded place, at least eight billion people.

因此，廿年後的地球將會是這樣：

So to make matters even more difficult, it's a very young planet.

它將是十分擁擠的地方 ﹣至少有八十億人口。

A third of the people on this planet are kids.

令事態更加困難的是它一個非常年輕的地球。

And those kids are growing up in a completely different way

這個地球上三分之一人口是孩子。

than their parents did, no matter where they live.

而那些小孩不管居住在哪裏，

They've been exposed to this idea of our society, of our prosperity.

與他們的父母生長於一個完全不同的模式。

And they may not want to live exactly like us.

他們暴露於我們社會的意念，我們的繁榮，

They may not want to be Americans, or Brits,

但他們或許不想跟我們生活得一樣。

or Germans, or South Africans,

他們或許不想當美國人、或是英國人、

but they want their own version

或是德國人、或是南非人，

of a life which is more prosperous, and more dynamic,

但是他們想要

and more, you know, enjoyable.

更興旺、更有動力、

And all of these things combine to create

更愉快的生活。

an enormous amount of torque on the planet.

所有這些合成了

And if we cannot figure out a way to deal with that torque,

這地球上巨大的扭力。

we are going to find ourselves more and more and more quickly

如果我們不能想出一個處理這扭力的方法，

facing situations which are simply unthinkable.

我們將會越來越發覺自己

Everybody in this room has heard the worst-case scenarios.

很快地要面對完全不可思議的情況。

I don't need to go into that.

在座的各位都聽過最惡劣的情景。

But I will ask the question, what's the alternative?

我不需要再在這裏提及。

And I would say that, at the moment, the alternative is unimaginable.

但是我會問，我們有甚麼其他選擇？

You know, so on the one hand we have the unthinkable;

而在這一刻我會說， 這個選擇是難以想像。

on the other hand we have the unimaginable.

在一方面，我們有不可思議，

We don't know yet how to build a society

另一方面，我們有難以想像。

which is environmentally sustainable,

我們還不知道如何建立一個

which is shareable with everybody on the planet,

可持續發展的社會，

which promotes stability and democracy and human rights,

可與地球上每一個人分享，

and which is achievable in the time-frame necessary

可促進穏定、民主和人權，

to make it through the challenges we face.

而且可於必要的期限內達到，

We don't know how to do this yet.

好讓我們渡過面對的挑戰。

So what's Worldchanging?

我們還不知道該怎麼辦。

Well, Worldchanging you might think of

那 Worldchanging 是甚麼？

as being a bit of a news service for the unimaginable future.

你也許以為 Worldchanging 是一種

You know, what we're out there doing is looking

為難以想像的將來而設的新聞服務。

for examples of tools, models and ideas,

你知道嗎，我們現正在做的就是尋找

which, if widely adopted, would change the game.

工具、模式和概念的例子。

A lot of times, when I do a talk like this, I talk about things

如果它們得到廣泛採用，那將會改變一切。

that everybody in this room I'm sure has already heard of,

很多時候，當我作一個這樣的演講，

but most people haven't.

我會談論一些肯定在座各位都聽過的事物，

So I thought today I'd do something a little different,

但其實大部份人都未曾聽過。

and talk about what we're looking for, rather than saying, you know,

因此今天我想我的做法會有些不同。

rather than giving you tried-and-true examples.

我會談論我們在搜尋甚麼，而不是列舉一些

Talk about the kinds of things we're scoping out.

已被試驗及真實的例子。

Give you a little peek into our editorial notebook.

我們會談論一些正在研究的東西。

And given that I have 13 minutes to do this, this is going to go kind of quick.

給你偷看一點我們的編輯記事簿。

So, I don't know, just stick with me. Right?

另因只有十三分鐘，我將會說得很快。

So, first of all, what are we looking for? Bright Green city.

因此請盡量跟上，好嗎？

One of the biggest levers that we have in the developed world

首先，我們在尋找甚麼呢？艷綠色都市。

for changing the impact that we have on the planet

在已開發世界中我們所擁有最重要的槓桿

is changing the way that we live in cities.

以改善我們對地球造成的影響，

We're already an urban planet;

就是改變我們在城市中的生活方式。

that's especially true in the developed world.

我們已經是一個城市地球，

And people who live in cities in the developed world

在已開發世界尤是真確。

tend to be very prosperous, and thus use a lot of stuff.

住在已開發世界城市中的人

If we can change the dynamic,

多是富庶而消耗大量物品。

by first of all creating cities that are denser and more livable ...

如果我們能夠改變這個動力，

Here, for example, is Vancouver, which if you haven't been there,

首先，創造人口密度更高更適合居住的城市...

you ought to go for a visit. It's a fabulous city.

以温哥華為例，如果你從未到過那裏，

And they are doing density, new density,

你應該去看看。它是一個優秀的城市。

better than probably anybody else on the planet right now.

他們在推廣人口密度，新的人口密度，

They're actually managing to talk North Americans out of driving cars,

比地球上所有人做的更好。

which is a pretty great thing.

他們正設法呼籲北美洲人不再駕駛車輛。

So you have density. You also have growth management.

這是一件相當重要的大事。

You leave aside what is natural to be natural.

因此你有人口密度，亦有增長管理。

This is in Portland. That is an actual development.

其他屬於自然的就讓他自然。

That land there will remain pasture in perpetuity.

這是在波特蘭。那是一個實際發展。

They've bounded the city with a line.

那塊土地會永久留為牧地。

Nature, city. Nothing changes.

他們把城市以一線圍繞。

Once you do those things, you can start making all sorts of investments.

自然、城市。 甚麼都不變。

You can start doing things like, you know,

當你那樣做之後，你可以開始做各樣投資。

transit systems that actually work to transport people,

你可以開始發展，如．．．

in effective and reasonably comfortable manners.

輸送人的運輸系統，

You can also start to change what you build.

有效率及舒適。

This is the Beddington Zero Energy Development in London,

你甚至可以開始修建已興建的事物。

which is one of the greenest buildings in the world. It's a fabulous place.

這是倫敦貝丁頓零耗能開發生態社區，

We're able to now build buildings that generate all their own electricity,

是世界上最綠的建築之一。是個美妙的地方。

that recycle much of their water,

我們現在有能力興建自行發電的建築，

that are much more comfortable than standard buildings,

循環利用大部份的水。

use all-natural light, etc., and, over time, cost less.

他們比一般建築物更舒適，

Green roofs. Bill McDonough covered that last night, so I won't dwell on that too much.

使用全自然光，而長時間計算花費較少。

But once you also have people living

綠色屋頂。 威廉．麥唐納昨晚已經說了，因此我不會在這說太多。

in close proximity to each other,

一旦人互相在

one of the things you can do is --

近距離居住，

as information technologies develop --

其中一件可做的事就是　﹣

you can start to have smart places.

隨著資訊科技發展　﹣

You can start to know where things are.

你可以開始發展聰明的地方。

When you know where things are, it becomes easier to share them.

你可以開始了解事物在哪裏。

When you share them, you end up using less.

當你知道事物在哪裏，便更容易分享它們。

So one great example is car-share clubs,

當你分享它們後，就會減少用量。

which are really starting to take off in the U.S.,

一個了不起的例子是車輛分享俱樂部。

have already taken off in many places in Europe, and are a great example.

它現正開始在美國受歡迎。

If you're somebody who drives, you know, one day a week,

在許多歐洲國家已經存在。是個很好的例子。

do you really need your own car?

如果你一星期只開一天車，

Another thing that information technology lets us do

你真的需要擁有一台車子嗎？

is start figuring out how to use less stuff

資訊科技可讓我們做的另一件事

by knowing, and by monitoring, the amount we're actually using.

是藉由了解及監測我們實際的用量，

So, here's a power cord which glows brighter the more energy that you use,

去找出如何使用較少物料的方法。

which I think is a pretty cool concept,

當我們用的能源越多，這電線會變得更亮。

although I think it ought to work the other way around,

我覺得這是一個很棒的概念。

that it gets brighter the more you don't use.

雖然我認為它可以反過來

But, you know, there may even be a simpler approach.

當你不用它時，它可更光亮。

We could just re-label things.

但或許有另一個更簡易的方法。

This light switch that reads, on the one hand, flashfloods,

我們可以把物件重新標示。

and on the other hand, off.

照明燈的開關一邊寫著「山洪暴發」，

How we build things can change as well.

另一邊寫著「關閉」。

This is a bio-morphic building.

我們亦可以變更如何造物。

It takes its inspiration in form from life.

這是一座擬生物形態的大廈。

Many of these buildings are incredibly beautiful,

它從生物的形態得到啟發而造成。

and also much more effective.

許多這類建築都是難以置信地美麗，

This is an example of bio-mimicry,

同時亦屬非常高效能。

which is something we're really starting to look a lot more for.

這是一個模仿生物的例子，

In this case, you have a shell design

亦是一些我們開始多留意的範疇。

which was used to create a new kind of exhaust fan, which is greatly more effective.

在這個例子中，這個貝殼設計

There's a lot of this stuff happening; it's really pretty remarkable.

用以造出一個新款排氣扇，它有更高的效能。

I encourage you to look on Worldchanging if you're into it.

現有很多類似的東西出現，真正是相當卓越。

We're starting to cover this more and more.

如果你喜歡這類事物，我鼓勵你們多到 Worldchanging 瀏覽。

There's also neo-biological design,

我們會報導越來越多這類事物。

where more and more we're actually using life itself

這也是一個近代生物設計

and the processes of life to become part of our industry.

實際上利用越來越多生物本身

So this, for example, is hydrogen-generating algae.

或生命的過程於我們的工業上。

So we have a model in potential, an emerging model that we're looking for

如這個例子，是一種可產生氫氣的海藻。

of how to take the cities most of us live in,

所以我們有一個有潛力的模式，我們正在尋找的一個新浮現的模式

and turn them into Bright Green cities.

可用於我們居住的城市，

But unfortunately, most of the people on the planet don't live in the cites we live in.

而把這些城市變成艷綠色都市。

They live in the emerging megacities of the developing world.

但不幸地，地球上大多數的人都不居住在我們居住的城市。

And there's a statistic I often like to use,

他們住在發展中國家湧現的大城市。

which is that we're adding a city of Seattle every four days,

有一個我經常喜歡使用的統計數字，

a city the size of Seattle to the planet every four days.

就是我們每四天便增加一個西雅圖市。

I was giving a talk about two months ago,

每四天這地球便有一個西雅圖般大小的城市。

and this guy, who'd done some work with the U.N., came up to me

約兩個月前我發表了一個演講。

and was really flustered, and he said, look,

有一位曾與聯合國工作的男士前來找我

you've got that totally wrong; it's totally wrong.

緊張地跟我說：「聽著，

It's every seven days.

你弄錯了，全是錯了。

So, we're adding a city the size of Seattle every seven days,

應該是每七天才對。」

and most of those cities look more like this than the city that you or I live in.

那我們每七天增加一個西雅圖般大小的城市，

Most of those cites are growing incredibly quickly.

而大部份都像這樣而非像你和我居住的城市。

They don't have existing infrastructure;

大部份那些城市都在迅速增長。

they have enormous numbers of people who are struggling with poverty,

他們沒有基礎設施。

and enormous numbers of people are trying to figure out

他們有大量人民在貧窮中掙扎，

how to do things in new ways.

並且有大量人民在想辦法

So what do we need in order to make developing nation

如何可以用新的方法做事。

megacities into Bright Green megacities?

我們需要些甚麼才能把發展中國家的

Well, the first thing we need is, we need leapfrogging.

大城市變成艷綠色大都市呢？

And this is one of the things that we are looking for everywhere.

我們需要的第一東西就是我們需要躍進。

The idea behind leapfrogging is that

這是我們到處搜尋的其中一件現象。

if you are a person, or a country, who is stuck in a situation

躍進背後的概念是

where you don't have the tools and technologies that you need,

如果你是一個人，或一個國家，因你沒有所需

there's no reason for you to invest in last generation's technologies. Right?

的工具和技術而處於停滯不前的情況，

That you're much better off, almost universally,

你沒理由投資上一代的科技，對嗎？

looking for a low-cost or locally applicable version of the newest technology.

幾乎普遍地說，你最好還是

One place we're all familiar with seeing this is with cell phones. Right?

尋找一些低成本或適合當地採用的新科技。

All throughout the developing world, people are going directly to cell phones,

一個可見之處在於我們都熟悉的行動電話。

skipping the whole landline stage.

所有發展中世界，人們都直接使用行動電話，

If there are landlines in many developing world cities,

跳過有線網絡的階段。

they're usually pretty crappy systems that break down a lot

如果在許多發展中世界城市有有線網絡的話，

and cost enormous amounts of money.

它們通常是常當機的低劣系統，

So I rather like this picture here.

並且非常昂貴。

I particularly like the Ganesh in the background, talking on the cell phone.

所以我頗喜歡這張圖片。

So what we have, increasingly, is cell phones just permeating out through society.

我特別喜歡背景中的象頭神，拿著手機談話。

We've heard all about this here this week,

所以行動電話滲入社會的情況日增。

so I won't say too much more than that, other than to say

我們這個星期裏聽過不少，

what is true for cell phones is true for all sorts of technologies.

因此我在這裏不說太多，除了要說

The second thing is tools for collaboration,

行動電話表現的現象，也出現在任何科技。

be they systems of collaboration, or intellectual property systems

第二件事是合作工具，

which encourage collaboration. Right?

無論是合作系统本身或是

When you have free ability for people to freely work together and innovate,

促進合作的知識產權系統。

you get different kinds of solutions.

當你有自主權去讓人們自由地合作和創新，

And those solutions are accessible in a different way

你便會得到不同的解決方案。

to people who don't have capital. Right?

而沒有資本的人可用一個不同途徑

So, you know, we have open source software,

得到那些解決方案。是不是？

we have Creative Commons and other kinds of Copyleft solutions.

我們有開源軟件，

And those things lead to things like this.

我們有創用 CC 和其他 Copyleft 解決方案。

This is a Telecentro in Sao Paulo.

而那些事情便引導出這樣的東西。