My name is David, and I'm here to introduce

我的名字是大衛，和 我是來介紹

you to Grammar on Khan Academy.

你到可汗學院的文法。

Welcome.

歡迎你的到來

I'm so glad you could join me.

我很高興你能加入我。

So, let's start by asking the question,

那麼，我們先來問一下這個問題。

"What is grammar?"

"什麼是文法？"

What is this thing, why is it worthwhile to study it,

這是什麼東西，為什麼是 值得研究的。

why would you wanna put up with listening to me?

你為什麼要把 聽我的？

Well, first of all, grammar is a set of conventions

嗯，首先，文法 是一套慣例

and rules that govern language.

和管理語言的規則。

So what's the difference between a convention and a rule?

那有什麼區別呢？ 慣例與規則之間？

Well, a rule is kind of the bare minimum of what

嗯，規則是一種 屁大點事

it takes to make your language understandable

要想讓你 通俗話

by other people, right?

由其他人，對不對？

So in order to make a car work, for example,

所以為了使 例如，汽車工作。

in order to make it move forward as intended,

以使其移動 前進如意。

the wheels have to go on the bottom instead of the roof.

車輪必須放在 底部而不是屋頂。

That's a rule.

這是一個規則。

The idea that all cars should be painted teal, for example,

所有汽車都應該 比如說，被塗成茶色。

is a convention.

是一種慣例。

Now is that true that all cars should be teal?

現在是真的嗎？ 所有的車都應該是茶色的？

No, not necessarily, but that leads me to my second point,

不，不一定，但是 這讓我想到了我的第二點。

that grammar is context dependent.

文法是取決於上下文的。

The kind of grammar that you use

你使用的文法

throughout your day changes.

貫穿你一天的變化。

It depends on who you're talking to,

這取決於你在和誰說話。

what you're trying to say, and how you're trying to say it.

你想說什麼，和 你想怎麼說就怎麼說。

And so we use multiple kinds of grammar throughout

所以我們使用多個 各種文法

our days and throughout our lives.

我們的日子和我們的一生。

Another thing you need to know is that you already

另一件事你需要 知道的是，你已經

know so much grammar.

懂得這麼多文法。

Just from living and existing in the world and

只是從生活和 存在於世，並

talking to other people.

和別人說話。

You know how to put a sentence together.

你知道如何把一個句子放在一起。

If you can understand me, then you know

如果你能理解我，那你就知道

so much about grammar.

這麼多關於文法。

You know more than I can teach you.

你知道的比我能教你的多。

What these videos are for is to give names

這些視頻是為了給名字

to the things you already know.

對你已經知道的事情。

To give you a greater command of them.

讓你對他們有更大的把握。

And I want to say, too, that these videos are only

而我也想說，。 這些視頻只是

about a very specific kind of grammar.

關於一種非常特殊的文法。

It's called Standard American English.

這就是所謂的標準美式英語。

But I want you to know that there are many Englishes.

但我想讓你知道 有很多英格利斯。

And you know what?

你知道嗎？

They're all great.

他們都是偉大的。

They are all wonderful and vibrant

他們都很精彩，很有活力

and important and special.

和重要和特殊。

And what I do not want for you to take away from these

而我不想要的是 你要從這些

videos is that I'm trying to teach you what is right

的視頻是，我試圖 教你如何是好

and what is wrong.

和什麼問題。

If the kind of English you speak doesn't sound like the

如果你的英語水平 語氣不像

kind of English I speak, that is okay, you know?

我說的英語的種類。 這沒關係，你知道嗎？

You are great.

你是偉大的。

What I want to do is give you the tools to harness language.

我想做的是給你 駕馭語言的工具。

To harness English and use it

駕馭英語，運用英語

any way you want.

你想怎麼做就怎麼做

I mean, I'm saying I don't care what color your car is.

我的意思是，我說我不... 關心你的車是什麼顏色。

It could be pink, it could be green, it could be purple,

可能是粉紅色的，也可能是 是綠色的，它可能是紫色的。

it could be paisley, you know.

它可能是佩斯利，你知道的。

I'm just trying to make sure your wheels are on straight.

我只是想確定 你的輪子是直的。

You are a grammarian.

你是一個語法學家。

You have made a study of grammar throughout your

你已經研究了 貫穿你的

entire speaking and reading life.

整個口語和閱讀生活。

And I firmly believe that you can learn anything.

我堅信 你可以學到任何東西。

Welcome to Grammar on Khan Academy.

歡迎來到可汗學院的文法課。

David out.

大衛出來了。