Name: 計劃與組織。速成班學習技巧#4 (Planning & Organization: Crash Course Study Skills #4)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:16:46.000Z
Duration: 9 min 26 s

Hi, I'm Thomas Frank, this is Crash Course Study Skills, and today you're going through planning and organization boot camp.

嗨，我是 Thomas Frank ，這裡是學習技巧速成班，你今天要參加的是計劃和組織新兵訓練營

As a student, you have two modes, which I like to call Planning Mode and Robot Mode.

作為一個學生，你有兩種模式，我喜歡稱為計畫模式和機器人模式

When you buckle down to study for a test, finish a homework assignment, or slog your way through a textbook chapter, you're in Robot Mode.

當你定下來念書準備考試、完成作業或苦讀課本的章節，你就是在機器人模式

But robots can only do what they're programmed to do, and they need a well-maintained environment to work in.

但是機器人只能做程式設定好的工作，而且他們需要適當的工作環境

I've seen videos of those robots in car factories – they're not working with dirty laundry or cheeseburger wrappers laying around.

我有看過機器人在汽車工廠工作的影片 － 它們並不是穿著髒衣服或在滿地都是起司漢堡包裝紙的環境裡上班

So, if you want your Robot mode to work efficiently, you need to know how to program it and how to create a good environment for it to work in.

所以如果你希望你的機器人模式工作得有效率，你需要知道如何設定程式，還有如何創造一個好的工作環境

To get started, you're going to need an organizational system.

首先，你會需要一個組織的系統

This is the framework for storing all information and resources that we'll need, and also for capturing “ideas.”

這是一個我們用來儲存所有我們所需資訊和資源的架構，當然也可以用來捕捉「想法」

An “Idea” is my term for any intangible information that you need to save and have easy access to later on.

我所謂的「想法」是指任何不太具體，但你又可能需要存起來或是晚點再回顧的資訊

This can include: Tasks, Events, and actual, you know, ideas – things you want to write, create – anything like that.

這可以包含：工作、事件或是實際的想法 － 你想寫下或想出的好主意 － 或任何類似的東西

Additionally, you'll need a reliable way to store: Notes, Handouts, and any other output you create, be it writing, code, art, or cheeseburger wrapper origami.

此外，你將需要一個可靠的儲存方式：筆記、講義還有任何其它創作，可以是寫作、代碼、藝術或是起用司漢堡包裝紙做的摺紙作品

So let's get down to business, defeat the huns, and create that system.

所以讓我們言歸正傳，打敗匈奴 (迪士尼花木蘭歌詞梗) ，來開創這個系統吧

In my mind, any good organizational system worth its salt includes:

我覺得任何好的組織系統都適合，包括：

A note-taking system And Some kind of physical storage for paper documents

記事系統以及放文件的實體收納櫃

Your task manager is the place where you record the stuff that you need to get done.

你的任務管理器可以用來記錄需要完成的事項

It's what you look to when you get that sudden burst of motivation to do ALL THE THINGS,

在你忙到爆，有一大堆事情要完成時會很需要它

and then wonder what all the things actually includes.

你也會想了解到底有包含那些要做的事

You'll find a zillion different types of task managers out there, but there are only a few really essential features.

你可以找到無數種的任務管理器，但其實只有幾項基本的特性

Pick a system that makes it easy to record a task's details and due date, and also make sure it's a snap to see what's coming due in the near future.

選個能簡單記錄任務細節和到期日來用，還要確認它可以讓你一眼清楚明瞭接下來要到期的任務

The task manager that I personally use these days is called Todoist, and it ticks all those boxes.

我個人最近使用的任務管理器叫做 Todoist ，它可以符合所有的需求

But there are lots of other options, including Trello, Microsoft To-Do, and Any.Do.

但其他也有許多選擇，像是  Trello 、 Microsoft To-Do 還有 Any.Do

And if paper systems are more your speed, the classic day planner works just as well, as do more recent systems like the Bullet Journal method.

而如果你更習慣紙本系統，可以選擇典型的日曆計畫本或是最近更常使用的系統，例如子彈筆記

In addition to tasks, you'll also need to remember upcoming events, and that's what your calendar is for.

除了任務之外，你也需要記得接下來要碰到的事件，這就是你的行事曆可以派上用場的地方了

Now if you're using an old-fashioned paper planner, then your task manager and calendar might be one in the same –

如果現在你是用老派的紙本計畫本，那你的任務管理器和日曆應該是在同一本 －

but personally, I've always found that keeping the two separate works better for me.

但我個人認為把這兩樣分開比較必較適合我

A calendar – in my case, Google Calendar, but it might be Apple's Calendar app or something else for you – is best for events that will happen at a specific time,

以我的例子來說，行事曆像是 Google 行事曆，也可以是蘋果的行事曆或其它你能取得的應用程式，最適合一些特定時間會碰到的事件

while a task manager better handles things that have due dates, but that you can work on whenever you want before then.

而任務管理器則較適合處理一些有期限，但你可以隨時執行的工作

Next, you need to figure out how to organize your notes.

接下來，你得要弄清楚如何組織你的筆記

This is pretty simple for paper notes; you just use paper notebooks, and have a separate section or entire notebook for each class.

這對於紙本筆記很單純；你只需要使用筆記本時把各主題分開，或乾脆每門課用一本筆記即可

But, for digital notes, you've got a lot of options.

但對於數位筆記來說，你就有很多選擇了

Now, my app of choice has always been Evernote, but you can also take a look at Microsoft's OneNote,

目前我使用的應用程式一直都是 Evernote ，但你也可以看看微軟的 OneNote

Apple's Notes (they're not always super imaginative with naming over there in Cupertino), or even Google Docs.

蘋果的 Notes (他們那群在庫帕提諾的取名字也不是都那麼有創意) 或甚至使用 Google 文件

Lastly, make sure you've got some kind of physical storage for handouts, loose papers, and notebooks you've filled up.

最後，請確認你有一些實際的儲存空間來存放你的講義、掉頁還有寫好的筆記本

Keeping one of those portable accordion folders in your bag works well when you're away from home, and it combos well with a file box for longer-term storage.

在你出門時放個攜帶式風琴夾在背包裡是很好用的，可以和文件箱一起搭配使用，來儲存需長期保存的文件

Now once you've cobbled your system together, the next step is to develop an scheme for keeping it all organized.

現在既然你已經把你的系統拼裝好了，下一步就是研發一個使用策略以維持其組織化

Now, sometimes a scheme is a plan for getting a bunch of small, yellow minions and attempting to steal the moon, and I definitely don't want to discourage you from doing that.

談到所謂的策略，有時候可以是找來一大群黃色小小兵然後嘗試把月亮偷走，而我也沒有要阻止你這麼做的意思

But, in this context, it just means a set of rules and conventions that help to keep your system organized and useful.

但是就目前來說，我們要的只是一些可以讓你系統維持組織化和可用性的規則和使用常規

If you choose a good scheme and stick to its rules every time you file away a new task, event, or handout,

如果你選擇好的策略並每次都按其規則把新工作、事件或講義建檔

then the system will remain useful and you won't find yourself digging through your laundry basket at 3 a.m. looking for that essay you wrote on Hamlet.

那麼這個系統會一直都很有用，你也不用擔心哪天要在凌晨三點挖你的洗衣籃，找你的哈姆雷特論文

Your computer's file structure is a great place to start, since so many people seem content to just let everything sit out on their desktop.

整理你電腦的檔案結構是個很好的開始，因為很多人似乎只會把所有檔案都丟在桌面上

This is a pretty bad scheme to use, because you're eventually going to lose something.

這是個糟糕的使用策略，因為遲早有一天會把某個檔案弄丟

Plus, all those files will be covering up that Hatsune Miku desktop background that I know you have.

更何況，那些檔案會蓋住你的初音未來的桌布，我知道你有

So a better long-term solution is to create a folder structure that's well-defined, yet flexible.

所以比較好的長期儲存方法是建立一個有良好的規劃又不失彈性資料夾結構

My recommendation is to set up your computer's folders like a tree with lots of branches.

我的建議是把你電腦的資料夾設定的像棵有很多分支的樹

The top-level folder is the root of the tree, and that's where the scheme starts.

最上層的資料夾是樹根，也是我們策略的起點

So, in this case, that folder will be called “College.”

所以在這個情況下，那個資料夾名稱就是「大學」

From there, try to create branches that represent the different aspects of that part of your life.

由此開始，試著創建代表你生活中各個不同面向的分支

The first logical branch point in this situation is the year – freshman, sophomore, junior, senior.

第一個分支點的創建邏輯是學年級 － 新鮮人、二年級、三年級、四年級

Then, as we go further and hit even more specific branch points, choose a logical category for drilling down to the next level.

然後當我們繼續往下會碰到更多特定的分支點，選擇適當的邏輯做分類繼續鑽進下一層

And this changes depending on the type of information you're organizing.

而這會依你要結構化的資訊類型而改變

Like, here, organizing by class makes sense.

像是這裡，依課程來安排是很有道理的

We've got Sports Psychology, History of Rome, and Film Studies 101.

我們有運動心理學、羅馬史還有 101 影片學習

And finally, add subfolders for big group projects.

而最後，為團體大專案加入子資料夾

If you're constantly vigilant about saving your work in the correct folder, then this structure will ensure that it's always easy to find what you're looking for –

如果你時時小心謹慎地把你的工作內容存入正確的資料夾，那這個組織結構可以保證你隨時可以輕鬆地找到你要的東西 －

you just go down the branches that lead to it.

You can use a similar structure with your digital notes as well.

對你的數位筆記也可以利用類似的結構

This is why I like using Evernote so much.

這就是為什麼我那麼愛用 Evernote

Since everything is organized into Notebooks, and Notebooks themselves can be put into stacks, I can create a scheme that organizes my entire life.

因為所有的東西都已經在它的記事本建構好了，而記事本又可以再放入記事本堆疊，我可以建立一個使用策略來整理我全部的生活所需

For instance, I've got a notebook stack for classes.

例如說：我有一個放各門課程的記事本堆疊

Within it, every class I've ever taken gets its own notebook,

其中，每門我修過的課都有它專門的記事本

and within those notebooks I can create notes for individual lectures, reading assignments, and other things.

在那些記事本中，我可以替每一堂課、每個閱讀作業和其它所有的事項都建立記事

With your calendar, color-code events so you can see which part of your life they represent,

配合你的行事曆，將各事件上色，你就能清楚看到各自代表你生活的什麼部分

like classes, extracurricular activities, and part-time job hours.

像是課程、課外活動還有打工時段

If you use a paper planner, you can do this by using colored stickers or markers, as well.

如果你使用紙本，你也可以使用彩色的貼紙或畫記

Lastly, create projects within your task manager for grouping similar tasks together.

最後，在你的任務管理器內一併建立類似的群組工作專案

If you're a student, the most logical way to do this is to create a project for each class, as well as additional projects for anything else you've got going on.

如果你是學生，最符合邏輯的方式是把每門課還有其它在進行的活動都各建一個專案

Now that you've chosen your tools and have your system set up, you need to make sure you'll actually use it, since putting things into your system properly takes work.

到此為止你已經選好了你的工具，也建好了你系統，再來就要確實使用執行，畢竟把各個項目放進系統中也是個大工程

If your teacher assigns something in class, you eventually need to open your task manager and record all the details correctly.

如果你的老師在課堂上指派某個作業，你之後有空都要把各項細節通通準確無誤地記錄到任務管理器裡

That takes more effort than simply tossing that handout into your backpack or telling yourself, “Eh, I'm sure I'll remember it.”

雖然直接把講義丟進書包，或和自己說「呃...我確定我會記得的」會輕鬆得多

But if you don't do it, your system started to get unorganized and incomplete – which means your brain can't rely on it anymore.

但如果你沒記錄，你的系統就會失去組織化和完整性 － 也代表不再值得你的腦信賴了

So you need to build the habit of using your system correctly all the time, even though it takes effort.

所以你需要養成習慣隨時正確使用你的系統，即使要多花點心力

And one of the best ways to do that is to remove as much friction as you possibly can from the process.

而要這麼做，最好的方法之一就是盡可能地移除此流程中的阻力

This is an idea that I like to call quick capture – figuring out the quickest, easiest way to file things into your system without compromising its structure.

我喜歡稱這個想法為快速捕捉 － 找出最快最簡單的方法完整地將事項建檔

There are two main ways to go about practicing quick capture.

有兩個主要方法來練習快速捕捉

The first is to commit to entering things into the correct place the moment they come up.

第一個是一有新事項出現就立刻輸進正確的位置

For instance, if your teacher assigns homework in class, you'd immediately open your task manager and record all the details.

譬如說，如果你的老師在課堂上指定作業，你立馬打開任務管理器把所有細節記錄進去

If you do choose to go this route, you can streamline things by choosing apps and tools that simplify the recording process.

如果你選擇這個方法，你可以找一些應用程式或工具讓記錄過程更簡化流暢

A good example is Google Calendar's iPhone app, which lets you set the date, time, and location of an event just by typing them into the event's title.

像是 Google 行事曆的 iPhone 應用程式，可以讓你輸入事項名稱後在裡面設定日期、時間和地點等細節

That's a lot quicker than tapping on each individual field.

It also means eliminating any unnecessary features from your system;

這也代表把所有不必要的步驟從系統中剔除了

while it might be cool that your to-do app can add priority levels to each task, you probably don't need them,

雖然你的代辦事項應用程式如果可以列出各事項的優先順序很酷，但你可能不太需要

and they just add more friction to the process.

The second option here is to use a daily note, which is a simple piece of notebook paper,

第二個步驟是取張筆記紙當每日記事

or a note that's quickly accessible on your phone, where you record everything that comes up during the day.

或是可以用你手機中可快速開啟的記事軟體，讓你可以把一天中的各種訊息記下來

At the end of each day, you need to move everything you've recorded to the correct place within your system.

在每天結束時，你需要把它們都好好抄到你的系統內的正確位置

All right, so now we are ready to finally dig into the details of planning.

非常好，所以現在我們終於可以來好好研究如何做計劃

Now, I like to view planning in two separate contexts: weekly and daily.

我現在打算把做計劃分成兩種：週計畫和日計畫

The main purpose of your weekly planning session is to look at everything that's coming due during the upcoming week, as well as in the following one.

週計畫的主要作用是看看接下來一兩週快到期的工作事項

that way, you'll be aware of everything that's coming up, and you'll have a rough idea of when you'll be able to work on it all based on what's already in your calendar.

如此一來，你就能留意接下來有什麼事要辦，而參照你的行事曆的記錄後，也能對什麼時候有空去完成這些工作有個粗略的概念

However, there is also some long-term planning that should be done here.

然而，也有些此時該做的長期計畫

First, if you've got an exam coming up in the next month, it's a good idea to look over everything that will be covered,

首先，如果你下個月有個考試，那麼把所有要考的範圍都看一遍是個好主意

and then to schedule study sessions over the upcoming weeks to ensure you don't find yourself cramming right before it.

接著安排接下來幾週的學習時間以確保考前不會焦頭爛額