The young medical student who became a revolutionary icon.

一位年輕學子從醫界轉為革命領袖

But was Che Guevara a heroic champion of the poor

但切・格瓦拉，究竟是為貧民喉舌的英雄革命家

or a ruthless warlord who left a legacy of repression?

還是兇殘的軍閥，武力鎮壓貽害後代？

Order, order.

肅靜，肅靜

Hey, where have I seen that guy before?

嘿，我在哪見過這小子？

Ahem, your Honor, this is Ernesto Che Guevara.

庭上，這是埃內斯托・格瓦拉

In the early 1950s,

在 50 年代初期

he left behind a privileged life as a medical student in Argentina

他離開了在阿根廷優渥的醫學生生活

to travel through rural Latin America.

環遊拉丁美洲的鄉間

The poverty and misery he witnessed convinced him that saving lives

途中所見的慘澹貧困，使他確信

required more than medicine.

要救贖百姓，遠遠不止醫療

So he became a terrorist

所以他成為了一名

seeking to violently overthrow the region's governments.

以武力推翻當地政府的極端分子

What?

甚麼？

The region's governments were brutal oligarchies.

當地政府皆為蠻橫的寡頭

Colonialism may have formally ended,

或許形式上殖民政府早已結束

but elites still controlled all the wealth.

但上層階級仍然主宰了多數的財富

American corporations bought up land originally seized from indigenous people

美國企業收購了原住民的土地

and used it for profit and export,

作為私利及輸出買賣所用

even keeping most of it uncultivated while locals starved.

放任當地居民飢貧仍不耕種

Couldn't they vote to change that?

他們能藉由民主投票方式改變現狀嗎？

Oh, they tried, your Honor.

噢，他們試過了，庭上

In 1953, Che came to Guatemala

在 1953 年，切・格瓦拉來到瓜地馬拉

under the democratically-elected government of President Árbenz.

當時，阿本斯因民主投票出任總統

Árbenz passed reforms to redistribute

阿本斯重新分配土地

some of this uncultivated land back to the people

將未經耕作的土地還給居民

while compensating the landowners.

同時賠償給地主

But he was overthrown in a CIA-sponsored coup.

但接著他被 CIA (美國中情局) 支持的政變推翻了

The military was protecting against the seizure of private property

軍人阻止掠奪私人財產

and communist takeover.

共產黨取得政權

They were protecting corporate profits

他們保衛美國公司的財產

and Che saw that they would use the fear of communism

切・格瓦拉看見 CIA 利用人們對共產黨的恐懼

to overthrow any government that threatened those profits.

推翻任何威脅到利益的政府

So he took the lessons of Guatemala with him to Mexico.

切格瓦拉帶著他在瓜地馬拉學到的經驗，前往墨西哥

There, he met exiled Cuban revolutionaries

在那，他結識了流亡的古巴革命軍

and decided to help them liberate their country.

並決定要幫助他們解放古巴

You mean help Fidel Castro turn a vibrant Cuba into a dictatorship.

你是說，幫助卡斯楚把原本充滿活力的古巴，變成獨裁統治

Dictatorship was what Cuba had before the revolution.

古巴的獨裁政體，早在革命前就有了

Fulgencio Batista was a tyrant who came to power in a military coup.

巴蒂斯塔是個暴虐的軍閥領導人，他透過軍事政變奪取政權

He turned Havana into a luxury playground for foreigners

他讓哈瓦那 (古巴首都) 成為外國人的極樂之地

while keeping Cubans mired in poverty and killing thousands in police crackdowns.

同時讓古巴子民陷入貧困，並在警力鎮壓中殺害千人

Even President Kennedy called it the worst example

甘迺迪總統甚至譴責

of "economic colonization, humiliation, and exploitation in the world."

「這是以殖民式經濟方式操弄，世上最羞恥、自私的示範。」

Whatever Batista's faults,

但巴蒂斯塔的錯

it can't compare to the totalitarian nightmare Castro would create.

也比不上卡斯楚夢靨般的極權領導

Forced labor camps, torture of prisoners, no freedom to speak or to leave.

勞改營、虐待囚犯、限制言語行動自由

But this isn't the trial of Fidel Castro, is it?

但這是卡斯楚的問題吧！

Che Guevara was instrumental in helping Castro seize power.

切・格瓦拉從旁協助卡斯楚

As a commander in his guerilla army,

作為游擊兵的指揮官

he unleashed a reign of terror across the countryside,

他從鄉間發動恐怖統治

killing any suspected spies or dissenters.

殺害所有涉嫌的間諜或叛國者

He also helped peasants build health clinics and schools,

他也同時幫助農夫建蓋診所及學校

taught them to read,

教導他們閱讀

and even recited poetry to them.

甚至朗誦詩詞給他們聽

His harsh discipline was necessary against a much stronger enemy

他嚴厲的風紀是必須的，因為他更為強大的敵人

who didn't hesitate to burn entire villages suspected of aiding the rebels.

不惜燒光整個村莊只因其涉嫌幫助叛國賊

Let's not forget that the new regime held mass executions

別忘了新一任的統治者，在 1959 年拿下政權時，

and killed hundreds of people without trial

就展開了大屠殺

as soon as they took power in 1959.

並未經審判就殺害數百人

The executed were officials and collaborators

被判死的是官員與

who had tormented the masses under Batista.

在巴蒂斯塔的統治下凌虐百姓的其他同夥人

The people supported this revolutionary justice.

人們支持這復仇式的正義

Which people?

哪些人？

An angry mob crying for blood does not a democracy make.

激昂嗜血的暴徒，無法代表真正的民主

And that's not even mentioning the forced labor camps,

更不用說長年被壓迫的勞改者

arbitrary arrests,

遭任意逮捕的受害者

and repression of LGBT people that continued long after the revolution.

壓抑的同志族群，同樣盼望革命

There's a reason people kept risking their lives to flee,

這就是為甚麼人們願意冒著生命危險出逃

often with nothing but the clothes on their backs.

逃跑時除了身上的衣著外一無所有

So was that all this Che brought to Cuba?

這是切・格瓦拉在古巴的所有作為了嗎？

Just another violent dictatorship?

就是另一個凶暴的獨裁政權？

Not at all.

不

He oversaw land redistribution,

他監督土地改革，重新分配

helped established universal education,

協助建立全民教育

and organized volunteer literacy brigades that raised Cuba's literacy rate to 96%,

組織教育志工，將古巴識字率提升到 96%

still one of the highest in the world.

至今仍是世界識字率最高的國家之一

Which allowed the government to control what information everyone received.

這也使得政府能控制訊息內容，傳遞給民眾

Guevara's idealistic incompetence as Finance Minister

切格瓦拉的理想主義，不適合擔任財政部長

caused massive drops in productivity

任內生產力大幅下降

when he replaced worker pay raises with moral certificates.

因為他道德證書取代調漲的工資

He suppressed all press freedom,

他壓制了新聞

declaring that newspapers were instruments of the oligarchy.

主張報章是寡頭用來操控政治的工具

And it was he who urged Castro to host Soviet nuclear weapons,

切・格瓦拉也同時鼓吹卡斯楚擁護蘇聯的核子武器

leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis

導致古巴飛彈危機

that brought the world to the brink of destruction.

將世界推向毀滅的邊緣

He was a leader, not a bureaucrat.

他是領導人，不是官僚

That's why he eventually left to spread the revolution abroad.

這就是切・格瓦拉最終離開古巴，在其他國家延續革命

Which didn't go well.

但沒有成功啊

He failed to rally rebels in the Congo

他在剛果重振反抗軍時失敗了

and went to Bolivia even when the Soviets disapproved.

再到玻利維亞，即便蘇聯不同意

The Bolivian Government, with the help of the CIA,

玻利維亞政府因著 CIA 的協助

was able to capture and neutralize this terrorist in 1967,

在 1967 年，得以逮捕、並歸化切・格瓦拉這個極端革命份子

before he could do much damage.

搶先在他釀成更多悲劇前

While doing plenty of damage themselves in the process.

但他們自己也帶來很多傷害

So that was the end of it?

所以事情就這樣結束了？

Not at all. As Che said, the revolution is immortal.

此言非矣。切格瓦拉曾說：「革命不死。」

He was publicly mourned in cities all over the world.

他去世時，世界各地都有人哀悼

Not by the Cubans who managed to escape.

除了成功出逃的古巴人

And his story would inspire young activists for generations to come.

它的故事激勵世世代代的年輕社運人士

Ha. A trendy symbol of rebellion for those who never had to live under his regime.

呵，也就是被那些從未被他領導的人當成反抗的流行標誌

Symbols of revolution may become commodified

革命的標誌，可能被商品化了

but the idea of a more just world remains.

但對於一個更正義的世界的想像卻還在

Maybe, but I'm not sharing my coffee.

或許吧，但我不打算跟你分享咖啡

Che Guevara was captured and executed by government forces in Bolivia.

切・格瓦拉在玻利維亞被逮並處決

His remains would not be found for another 30 years.

他的遺體遲了三十年才被找到

But did he die a hero or had he already become a villain?

他是從容就義或是早該以死謝罪？

And should revolutions be judged by their ideals or their outcomes?

人們該以理想初衷或是行動結果評價革命家？

These are the questions we face when we put history on trial.

這些問題就交由歷史論定