字幕列表 影片播放 列印所有字幕 列印翻譯字幕 列印英文字幕 On these African plains some 60,000 years ago our ancestors began migrating north. LEMMiNO A trek that would ultimately give rise to modern day civilization. And it's nothing short of "千萬別忘了" a miracle that we've progressed as far as we have, especially in such a short amount "原子彈的火光隨時都有可能來臨" of time. It's really not that difficult to see why intelligent life may be extremely "它的閃光比太陽更亮,是你前所未見的" sparse across the universe given how absurdly fortunate we've been. So many things could've "這點非常非常的重要" gone wrong along the way and so many times it almost did. "說不定這顆炸彈會無預警的爆炸..." On the morning of the 12th of August, 1883, Mexican astronomer, José Bonilla, was observing 與世界末日擦身而過 the Sun when numerous UFOs began to sweep across the solar disk. The objects were surrounded 大約在六萬年前的非洲平原,我們的祖先開始向北遷移 by a coronal haze and left behind a trailing mist. The phenomenon continued for two consecutive 這個遷移,最終造就了所謂的現代文明 days and Bonilla counted 447 objects in total. As the event could not be explained the UFOs 我們能取得如此成就,可說是一個奇蹟 were simply dismissed as birds, insects, or dust passing in front of the telescope. 特別是在這麼短的時間內 But based upon Bonilla's description of the event coupled with an improved understanding of various 由此不難以見得為何在整個宇宙中智慧生命竟如此稀少 astronomical phenomena, an article published in 2011 hypothesized that the objects where 這需要多少荒謬的機緣巧合 fragments of a comet nearly colliding with the Earth. The only bodies in the solar system 曾有好幾個剎那,我們可能就此覆滅 that leave trails and are surrounded by a bright haze are comets. And much like this 而其中有那麼幾次,我們真的差點就掰了 comet observed in 2006, we now know that fragmentation is a frequent occurrence. It is estimated (1883年8月12日) that the comet broke into more than 3,200 fragments ranging in size between 50-1000 1883年8月12日的早晨,墨西哥天文學家何塞·包尼牙 meters in diameter and sailed past the earth at a distance of no more than a few thousand 在觀察太陽時,發現大量不明飛行物體正從日面掠過 kilometers. Had only one of these fragments struck the planet, it could have resulted 這些物體被日冕霾霧所壟罩,並留下一片尾霧 in millions of casualties. Had all or at least a significant portion of the fragments impacted 這種現象持續兩天,包尼牙計算出總共有447個物體 the Earth, we're looking at an extinction level event. 由於他無法解釋這個現象的起因 It's the middle of the Siberian taiga, around 7:00 AM, when a powerful explosion would lit 這些不明飛行物體被單純的當作了從望遠鏡前 掠過的鳥、昆蟲或灰塵 up the sky. An eyewitness 65 kilometers away from the blast accounts that: 然而,基於包尼牙對此次事件的描述 再輔以各種對天文現象的理解 "...the sky split in two and fire appeared high and wide over the forest. At that moment I became so 一篇於2011年發表的文章認為 hot that I couldn't bear it, as if my shirt was on fire... I wanted to tear off my shirt 那些是險些撞上地球的彗星碎片 and throw it down but then the sky shut closed. A strong thump sounded and I was thrown a few meters." 在太陽系中唯一會留下霧尾並且被亮光霾霧所壟罩的 就只有彗星 Two decades later in 1927, the first expedition to the blast site would capture this footage. 而就如在2006年觀測到的彗星那樣 Some 2000 km² of forest, some 80 million trees in total, had been completely 我們現在已經知道彗星分裂是一個很普遍的狀況 fattened by the event. The broad consensus is that an asteroid or comet, less than 200 meters wide, 據估計,這個彗星分裂成超過3200個碎塊 exploded a few kilometers above ground and produced a fireball as demonstrated in this simulation. 直徑介於50至1000公尺之間 Transposed over New York City its destructive power becomes a lot more apparent. 並在距離地面數千公里處航行 [Edward Lu] This one is a little bit harder to say. The one that.. 只要有一塊碎塊撞上了地球,就可能造成數百萬人的傷亡 Over Tunguska, the one that was slightly larger. Had that happened over a city. 而如果是全部、或一定數量的碎塊撞上地球 Let's say New York City, we would have 7 million casualties. 那絕對就是毀滅級別的狀況了 At least, whatever the population of New York City is, they would be gone. (1908年6月30日) [Bill Nelson] Really? 在西伯利亞針葉林中,大約早上七點 While the two bombs dropped on Japan marked a dramatic end to the war, they also marked the beginning 一個劇烈的爆炸照亮的天空 of an entirely new kind of fear. A fear of annihilation by incompetence. Humans are fallible. 一名身處爆炸處65公里遠的目擊者說道 We make mistakes. And knowing this, coupled with the realization that one mistake could "天空被切成了兩半、火焰在森林中燒得又高又廣" result in apocalyptic levels of destruction, the likes of which had so far been reserved "剎那之間,我感受到一股我無法忍受的熱" by nature, this new kind of fear was undeniably justified. "就好像我的襯衫著了火似的" In early October of 1960 a new early warning system on Greenland had just become operational. "我正想把我的襯衫撕下來、丟在地上" In the event that the Soviet Union should launch an attack against the United States, "但緊接著天空又閉了起來" a level 5 warning would be sent to the command center located in Colorado. On October the 5th, "隨著一股巨響,我被扔飛了幾公尺遠" the number on the display suddenly changed from 0 to 1. Indicating that a low-risk unidentified 二十年後,1927年,終於有第一支考察隊來到爆炸現場 捕捉這些畫面 object had been detected. A bit strange but no immediate cause for alarm. But then the 占地約2000平方公里的森林,約8000多萬棵樹木 number continued to climb until a level 5 warning was issued, meaning that long-range 在這次爆炸後被夷為平地 missiles would strike the United States in less than 20 minutes. The alert quickly worked 大家普遍認為它是一個直徑不足200公尺的小行星或彗星 its way up the chain of command and a slight panic ensued. But it was quickly eased by 在距離地表數公里處爆炸,並產生一團火球,如模擬所示 the realization that Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union at the time, was currently 若換作落在紐約市的話,破壞力將是相當顯著的 visiting the United States. Not exactly where you'd expect him to be in the event of a nuclear attack. [盧傑] 這很難說...那個...通古斯卡大爆炸是屬於比較大的一次 20 minutes passed and the value of bottle caps remained the same. A subsequent 如果它落在一座城市上 investigation revealed that the base on Greenland had mistaken the rising Moon for an incoming Soviet attack. 舉例來說,紐約吧,將會造成700萬人的傷亡 In the early morning of January the 24th, 1961, an American B-52 bomber carrying two 至少,無論紐約人口有多少,他們都死定了 hydrogen bombs crashed into an empty field in the state of North Carolina. Officials [比爾·納爾遜] 真的? quickly issued a report stating that there was no cause for alarm and that there was (1945年8月) no danger of a nuclear explosion or radiation. However, declassified documents released in 當兩枚原子彈落在日本時,戰爭戲劇性的結束了 2013, reveal that one of the two bombs actually came extremely close to a full scale detonation. 他們同時也象徵著一種新型態恐懼的開始 Three out of four safety switches erroneously activated upon impact with the ground and 在毀滅面前毫無抵抗之力的恐懼 the slight separation of two wires was the only thing standing in the way of a nuclear 人類是容易犯錯的生物,我們犯過不少錯誤 explosion. Had this 3.8 Mt bomb detonated, and had the wind condition been just right, 要知道,再加上我們意識到犯下某個錯誤 the radioactive fallout could've reached Washington, Philadelphia, and even New York. 可能會引發毀滅世界的末日 In the early 1960s, tensions between the US and the Soviet Union is strained to the breaking 至今自然演化而來的一切將不復存在 point and culminated in a situation known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. It is perhaps 這個新的恐懼無疑是合理的 the closest we've ever come to committing omnicide. The short version is that the US (1960年10月5日) installed nuclear missiles near the Soviet union, specifically in Turkey, so in response, 1960年10月初,格陵蘭島上的一個新的早期預警系統 剛剛開始運作 the Soviet Union installed nuclear missiles near the United States, specifically in Cuba. 如果蘇聯意圖對美國發動攻擊 The US would have none of that. "Hey, you can't do that! Only we are allowed to do that!" 等級5的警報將會發送至位於科羅拉多的指揮中心 said the United States. "I don't know what you're talking about?" the Soviet Union replied. 10月5日,顯示器上的數字突然從0變成了1 I'm paraphrasing of course as these where classified communications. 這意味著有一個低風險身分不明的對象已被偵測 While the impasse in and of itself came extremely close to disaster, 有些奇怪,但並不足以立刻發送警報 one specific event stands out. After the US imposed a blockade to prevent the Soviet Union 但隨後這個數字繼續攀升,直到顯示5級警報 from exporting even more missiles to Cuba, a Soviet submarine was detected near Cuban 這意味著遠程導彈將在20分鐘內落在美國本土 shores. In an attempt to force the submarine to surface so that they could have a friendly 警報迅速的起到了指揮的作用 chat, multiple US naval destroyers dropped low intensity explosives to signal the submarine 隨之而來的則是些許的恐慌 to surface. However, the captain of the submarine misinterpreted this as an attack and ordered 但很快的他們就意識到尼基塔·赫魯雪夫 his men to retaliate against one of the US destroyers by launching a nuclear-armed torpedo. 即當時的蘇聯領導人,正好出訪美國 Fortunately, one of the two senior officers aboard disagreed with the captain's decision 不用說,當發生核攻擊時,你會期望他在哪裡? and eventually managed to convince him that they should surface and await orders form Fallout的梗) 20分鐘過去了,瓶蓋的價值依然保持不變 Moscow. And that's exactly what they did and thus the apocalypse had to reschedule. 隨後的調查顯示,格陵蘭島基地錯把上升的月亮 當成了蘇聯的攻擊 On May the 23rd, 1967, all of the early warning systems across the United States ceased to function. (1961年1月24日) In fact, all manner of military communications and radar technology malfunction 1961年1月24日凌晨 simultaneously and it was interpreted as intentional jamming by the Soviets. Bomber planes immediately 攜帶兩枚氫彈的美國B-52轟炸機 scrambled and prepared to launch an attack. But as luck would have it just a few years prior, a branch of the US 墜毀在北卡羅萊納州的一個空地 military had begun observing solar activity and its effects on the Earth. And on this 官方很快地就發出一份公告表示毋須恐慌 day in 1967, the Sun had ejected a powerful solar storm that had stuck the planet and 沒有發生核爆或輻射洩漏的危險 knocked out military defenses and other equipment. Had a project for something as unrelated as 然而,在2013年發布的解密文件中指出 studying the Sun been delayed for just a few years, no one could've explained this nationwide 兩枚炸彈的其中一枚其實已經處於啟動爆炸的邊緣 interference in time to prevent World War III. 有四分之三的安全開關在與地面碰撞時遭到破壞 In the mid 1980s squadrons of US aircrafts would often fly straight towards Soviet airspace, 僅存兩條稍稍分離的電線,是唯一阻礙核彈爆炸的關卡 thus triggering their early warning systems, only to turn around at the very last moment. 如果這個3.8公噸的炸藥引爆且風向正好的話 A form of psychological warfare that kept the Soviets on edge for an attack. In the 放射性汙染可以會擴散到華盛頓、費城,甚至是紐約 early hours of September the 26th, 1983, the command center just outside Moscow was awoken (1962年10月16~28日) by the sound of an alarm. 1960年代初期,美蘇之間的局勢緊張 An intercontinental ballistic missile had just been launched by 並爆發了一場危機,稱之為古巴飛彈危機 the US and was now heading towards the Soviet Union. In the event of a nuclear attack by (Omnicide 由人類導致人類滅絕的行為) 這可能是人類史上最接近「Omnicide」的時刻 the Americans it was standard procedure to launch an immediate counter-attack. It was 基本上就是美國在蘇聯附近的土耳其設置了核導彈 now up to the man in charge, Stanislav Petrov, to contact his superiors and to inform them 所以作為回應,蘇聯就在美國附近的古巴架設核導彈 that a nuclear attack was imminent. A few minutes passed when four additional missiles 美國當然不會同意他這麼做 were detected. However, Petrov decided to go against his training and did nothing. 美國說 "嘿,你不可以這樣,只有我才能這麼玩!" He reasoned that if the United States were to strike, the attack would likely involve hundreds 蘇聯則回覆 "我不知道你在公三小?" of missiles, not just a few. In other words, he suspected that this was a false-alarm. 我所轉述的當然是他們之間通訊解碼後的意思 But as he had no way of confirming his suspicions, he could only wait and hope for the best. 雖然這整個僵局已經夠災難了 Fortunately, Petrov was correct in his assumption as evident by the fact that you are currently 但其中一次事件成了整件事的爆發點 breathing and a subsequent investigation revealed that sunlight, reflecting of off high altitude 在美國對古巴進行封鎖以防蘇聯向古巴出口更多導彈後 clouds, was responsible for the anomaly. 在古巴海岸附近發現了一艘蘇聯潛艦 On March the 31st, 1989, two American astronomers discovered that a week prior, on March the 22nd, 他們打算將潛艦逼出來,以便進行友好的交流 a 300 meters wide asteroid had come fairly close to the Earth. It had not come 數艘美國的驅逐艦投放了訓練用的魚雷 close enough to pose any risk of impact and was even further away than the Moon but it's 以迫使潛艦浮出水面 still worth a mention as it passed through the exact position that the Earth had occupied 然而,潛艦的艦長誤以為這是攻擊信號 a mere six hours prior. Which is in and of itself extraordinarily close on the comic scale. 並下令對這些驅逐艦展開反擊,發射一枚核武魚雷 An impact with an asteroid of this size would obliterate almost everything within 幸運的是,兩名高級船員中有一位反對艦長的指令 a radius of 60-75 kilometers. Superimposed over Tokyo, one of the largest cities on Earth, 最後還說服他們應該等待莫斯科的命令 it looks like it would've been a rough day. 這就是整件事的經過,我們又逃過了一次末日啟示 Some of you may remember that a few years ago there was a lot of eschatological prophecies (1967年5月23日) that the world would end in 2012. While the world is still spinning, as evident by the 1967年5月23日,美國所有的早期預警系統全部停止運作 rotation of this globe, we did narrowly escape a catastrophic event in July of 2012. On the 事實上,各種軍事通訊設備和雷達在同一時間發生故障 23rd of July the Sun expelled something known as a coronal mass ejection or CME for short. 他們將這個狀況被解讀為蘇聯的蓄意干擾 A CME is a release of large quantities of magnetized plasma and if it strikes the Earth 轟炸機已經加滿油,準備好發動攻擊了 it can cause some serious damage to any and all electronic devices. 但幸運的是,幾年前正好有個美軍的部門 This was also one of the most powerful CMEs in recorded history. 專門在研究太陽活動對地球的影響 And it blasted straight through the Earth's orbit. 而在1967年的這一天,太陽發射出了一個強大的太陽風暴 Luckily for us, the Earth was on the other side when that eruption occurred but 壟罩了地球,並破壞了軍事防禦等設施 due to the rotation of the Sun, had this eruption occurred just 9 days prior, we would've been 要是這個研究被某個和太陽無關的項目延誤了幾年 engulfed by that storm. If that had happened, and there's a 12% chance that it will happen in the 就沒有人能及時解釋這個全國性的干擾 進而阻止第三次世界大戰發生 next 10 years, it could've taken us as much as a decade to fully recover. It's difficult (1983年9月26日) to overstate the ramifications of a CME on this scale. Worldwide power outages would 1980年代中期,美國的飛機中隊時常會闖入蘇聯的領空 take weeks, months, or even years to resolve. Many satellites would have to be replaced. 除發了他們的早期預警系統後,在最後一刻轉身離去 Electronic equipment of all kinds would cease to function seemingly over night. 這是一種讓蘇聯人感受到處於進攻邊緣的心理戰 Medical, transportational, financial, military, national security, and other critical systems would 而在1983年9月26日凌晨 all be compromised or destroyed. Society would grind to a halt... 莫斯科指揮中心的警報聲突然響起 ...and be literally plunged into darkness for years to come. 美國剛剛發射了一枚洲際道導彈 Given how dependent we've become on electricity and various technologies 正朝著蘇聯的方向飛去 like the internet, it's difficult to image anything but global panic and chaos. It would 當美國方發動核武攻擊時,他們的標準程序是即刻反擊 not have been the end of the world but it would no doubt have felt like it. 當前的負責人叫做斯坦尼斯拉夫·彼得羅夫 Declassified documents reveal that the US military has had over a thousand close calls 應該要聯繫他的上級長官,告訴他們核攻擊迫在眉睫 with nuclear weapons since the 1950s. Over a thousand times when cataclysmic devastation 幾分鐘後,又有另外四枚導彈被檢測到 was just narrowly avoided. And who knows how many near accidents the Russian military have 然而,彼得羅夫決定違反他的訓練,不做任何回報 experienced or any of the other nuclear weapon states. Coupled with the destructive power 他推斷,如果美國打算要發動攻擊的話 of natural events, it is truly a miracle that we've come as far as we have. 那這次攻擊會檢測到的應該要是數百枚導彈 而非少少幾枚
B1 中級 中文 美國腔 蘇聯 彗星 地球 美國 爆炸 攻擊 啟示錄》中的牧草 (Grazed by the Apocalypse) 364 16 shes96011 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日 更多分享 分享 收藏 回報 影片單字