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  • It wouldn't make sense for a defendant in a contract dispute

    對於合同糾紛中的被告來說,這樣做毫無意義

  • to have the same kind of trial as, say, Jason.

    和傑森一樣接受審判。

  • That's why the courts in this country

    這就是為什麼這個國家的法院

  • split cases into two categories--

    將案件分為兩類

  • civil and criminal.

    民事和刑事。

  • A civil case is when one person, the plaintiff,

    民事案件是指一個人,即原告、

  • brings legal action against another person who

    對另一人提起法律訴訟

  • has allegedly wronged them-- the defendant-- with the intent

    被指控對他們--被告--不公,其意圖是

  • of collecting damages.

    的賠償金。

  • Damages equals money.

    損害賠償等於金錢。

  • A criminal case is where a government prosecutes someone

    刑事案件是指政府起訴某人

  • to prove them guilty of committing a crime,

    以證明他們有罪、

  • like a car thief.

    就像偷車賊一樣

  • The victim of this crime is often

    這種犯罪的受害者往往是

  • a witness in the government's case against the accused,

    是政府指控被告案件的證人、

  • as well as any eyewitnesses.

    以及任何目擊者。

  • In a civil case, the court can judge

    在民事案件中,法院可以判決

  • that a defendant owes the plaintiff

    被告欠原告的

  • money, or other property, or must perform

    金錢或其他財產,或必須履行

  • a service that was promised.

    承諾的服務。

  • Mostly, though, it's money.

    不過,最主要的還是錢。

  • Reimbursement, compensation, or punitive damages.

    補償、賠償或懲罰性賠償。

  • However, a judge in a civil case cannot send a defendant

    但在民事案件中,法官不能將被告

  • to jail, barring a few exceptions,

    入獄,只有少數例外、

  • usually regarding the intentional violation of court

    通常涉及故意違反法院

  • orders.

    訂單。

  • In a criminal case, either the prosecutor or a grand jury

    在刑事案件中,檢察官或大陪審團

  • initiates the proceedings.

    提起訴訟。

  • Punishment for guilty defendants can

    對有罪被告的懲罰可以是

  • range from fines, community service,

    罰款、社區服務等、

  • or educational classes, to much more serious consequences,

    或教育課程,以至更嚴重的後果、

  • such as jail time.

    比如坐牢。

  • And anyone, including the defendant,

    任何人,包括被告、

  • can be called as a witness in a civil case,

    可以在民事案件中被傳喚為證人、

  • whereas in a criminal case, they cannot be forced to.

    而在刑事案件中,不能強迫他們這樣做。

  • Also, criminal cases generally have a higher burden

    此外,刑事案件的負擔一般較重

  • of proof than civil cases.

    比民事案件的舉證要求更高。

  • This is mainly because a person's freedom is at stake.

    這主要是因為這關係到一個人的自由。

  • Prosecutors have to work that much harder to show guilt.

    檢察官必須付出更大的努力來證明自己有罪。

  • They must prove that the defendant

    他們必須證明被告

  • is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

    他的罪行確鑿無疑。

  • A plaintiff in a civil case, however,

    然而,民事案件的原告、

  • only needs to prove that they should

    只需證明他們應該

  • win by a preponderance of the evidence.

    在證據確鑿的情況下獲勝。

  • Preponderance just means the greater amount, or weight,

    優勢 "只是指數量或重量較大、

  • of the evidence when taking into account

    在考慮到

  • the believability of that evidence.

    證據的可信度。

  • For more details on the differences between types

    有關不同類型的詳細信息

  • of cases, or anything having to do with court in any way,

    或任何與法庭有關的事情、

  • Legal You is your go-to resource.

    Legal You 是您的首選資源。

It wouldn't make sense for a defendant in a contract dispute

對於合同糾紛中的被告來說,這樣做毫無意義

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