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  • Hi.

  • Welcome to www.engvid.com.

  • I'm Adam.

  • In today's video we're going to look at: "First Aid".

  • Basically, taking care of somebody during an emergency if some bad thing happened, like

  • a car accident or you fell down while mountain climbing, or anything bad that happened where

  • you got injured or wounded, you're going to be receiving first aid before they get you

  • to the hospital where they're going to take care of you.

  • So, first, as the name implies, first aid is the first thing they do

  • when the emergency happened.

  • Somebody will call 911.

  • In some countries I'm pretty sure it's 119, but again, wherever you are make sure you

  • know the emergency number for EMS, the emergency medical services.

  • Basically these are the people that send the ambulance and come in the ambulance.

  • They're also called first responders.

  • They're the first people to respond to the call to come and make sure everything's okay

  • or to try to make everything okay.

  • The people who drive the ambulance are called paramedics.

  • Okay? You will also find paramedics in fire trucks.

  • Usually ambulances and fire trucks come together.

  • The fire trucks have a lot more equipment on them.

  • Now, the first thing they're going to want to do is figure out what's going on, so they're

  • going to assess the situation.

  • Right? They're going to look around, see what kind of injury's involved, what kind of action

  • they need to take, for example.

  • But sometimes they come, they see blood everywhere, right away they know they need to stabilize.

  • "Stabilize" means make stable, means if somebody's bleeding, first stop the bleeding.

  • If somebody is having a heart attack or somebody's in shock, stop that situation first before

  • you do-excuse me-anything else.

  • Now, one of the things they're also going to do is demobilize.

  • "Demobilize" means make sure that the person who is injured doesn't move.

  • Can't move, can't be moved.

  • Okay?

  • They will put him in a straight line, make sure that everything is secure so if he moves

  • or she does even more damage, that's not a good thing.

  • So, stabilize, demobilize, assess what's going on.

  • And then what you're going to do is you're going to administer first aid.

  • So we don't do first aid, we don't make first aid.

  • We administer.

  • It basically means, like, give, but we...

  • This is the more common word.

  • You can say give first aid and you attend to the person, means you take care of them,

  • you figure out what they need, give them that.

  • Okay?

  • Now, in some cases they're going to have to defibrillate.

  • They're going to use a defibrillator.

  • This is a machine that sends an electric shock into the body.

  • So if someone's having a heart attack, for example, and their heart just stops beating,

  • they're going to take the two paddles, they're going to charge the machine with electricity,

  • going to put them two paddles, and: "Whoom", send electricity into the body, get that heart

  • pumping again.

  • So this machine is called a defibrillator.

  • The action is to defibrillate.

  • Okay?

  • Now, it is becoming more and more common to see these machines in all kinds of areas;

  • on planes and trains they have them, in many public places they have a machine ready just

  • in case somebody needs it.

  • Hopefully not.

  • Something else they might have to do is give CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

  • To resuscitate basically means to bring back to life.

  • So CPR, if somebody stops breathing, if the lungs stop pumping air in and out of the body,

  • then they're going to have to give CPR, administer CPR.

  • Somebody will have...

  • They can have a bag with a pump or somebody will just have to put their mouth on your

  • mouth and blow air into your lungs.

  • Fill the lungs, push it out, fill the lungs, push it out, make sure everything is okay

  • until the lungs start basically working by themselves.

  • So that's called CPR.

  • Another thing they may do, they may...

  • Again, this is part of the demobilizing, they're going to put a neck brace around your neck.

  • It's a... Basically it's a piece of hard cloth, it's thick, they put it around so you can't move

  • your head.

  • If you injured your neck and you're moving around, you could end up being paralyzed.

  • Okay?

  • Paralyzed...

  • If you become paralyzed means you've damaged your spine, the bone down your back and you

  • won't be able to move your legs, maybe you won't be able to move your upper body.

  • Not a good situation.

  • So they put a neck brace so you can't do any damage to your spine.

  • Then they will put you on a stretcher, it's a long board, sometimes with wheels if it's

  • the ambulance.

  • Otherwise, like for example, soldiers, they just have a board.

  • They put you on there, they make sure you're secure, then they lift you up and carry you

  • to the hospital.

  • Okay?

  • So these are the first steps, but just because this is the main things that the ambulance

  • guys do... Excuse me.

  • The paramedics, it doesn't mean that you can't also administer first aid for somewhat more

  • minor things. Okay?

  • So it's very important that you keep and always have ready a first aid kit.

  • So we're going to look at what a...

  • What should be inside a first aid kit now.

  • Okay, so everybody should have a first aid kit ready somewhere.

  • You should have one at home, maybe have one in your car.

  • Especially if you're going to go on a road trip, make sure you have one with you.

  • If you're going to go to some remote areas where there aren't phones or towns or hospitals,

  • take a first aid kit with you.

  • So, basically, the essentials of a first aid kit are a bandage.

  • If you got a small cut, this is like a sticky basically cloth and you put it over the cut,

  • and it stops the cut, absorbs the blood, and then you go on and you fix it later.

  • If you...

  • If you have a very deep cut, then you're probably going to need stitches.

  • Now, some people are not very comfortable taking a needle and thread, and sewing themselves.

  • So what you want to do is you want to put gauze on it, you want to stop the bleeding,

  • get to a hospital quickly and they will put stiches in for you.

  • They will basically join the skin together with a stapler or with needle, and close it.

  • Gauze, you've all seen it, it's this white sheet, you can see through it.

  • It's very light with lots of little holes.

  • And you wrap it around the wound and you...

  • But before that, you put some antiseptic, you clean it first of all, and then you wrap

  • it, you put a dressing on it.

  • So this gauze is called a dressing.

  • Okay?

  • But before that you clean it.

  • How do you clean it?

  • With antiseptic.

  • You can have pads, so like they're little packets, they're wet.

  • You use it to clean, and then you put the gauze.

  • Some people take a whole bottle of alcohol and some cotton pads, and they clean it off.

  • You might want to put some antiseptic ointment.

  • Ointment is like a...

  • Basically like a little liquid.

  • It's thick, it comes in a tube.

  • If you have a burn or if you have a cut, you put the ointment on the...

  • On the wounded area basically, and then you dress it with some gauze.

  • Okay?

  • You should also have tweezers.

  • Tweezers are like...

  • Like little metal things, like you can pick things out with.

  • Like if you have a splinter.

  • Okay? I'll put it here. Splinter.

  • If you're walking in the woods and a very small piece of wood goes into your skin, it

  • hurts a lot so you want to pick it out.

  • Right? So they're little tweezers, they can do that.

  • Or scissors, so you can cut the gauze and whatever else you need.

  • And a splint.

  • So if you break something, if you break a bone and you need to basically make it stable,

  • you want to make it straight and not move around too much, you use a splint.

  • Or if you need to basically...

  • So you broke the arm or the shoulder, you put the arm here, you put a little thing,

  • a splint on it, and it doesn't move around so you don't damage it even more.

  • Now, there's many things that can happen in any situation.

  • You can get injured or you can get wounded.

  • Injury is internal.

  • You won't see it, but you'll definitely know about it.

  • It'll be very painful.

  • A wound is on the outside.

  • You will bleed or there'll be something very visible.

  • So, a fracture.

  • A fracture basically means you've broken a bone.

  • Okay?

  • Now, the bone can be...

  • Let's say this is a bone for...

  • If you have any pets you know what this looks like.

  • A break is like this.

  • A fracture is basically down the bone. Right?

  • Either way you need to go to the hospital to take care of it.

  • A tear.

  • If you... Inside you have muscles.

  • If you tore a muscle you might not be able to move very much.

  • Not very much you can do with first aid, but you help the person be as stable as possible,

  • get them to the hospital.

  • If somebody has a bruise, you will see the black or blue, or whatever colour it turns,

  • but that's also inside.

  • There's bleeding inside.

  • You need to maybe put some ice on it or do something, get the person sitting down, off

  • his or her feet, get the blood flowing the other way.

  • A sprain means when you twist something.

  • It's almost broken, but not broken, but there's definitely damage.

  • It will swell.

  • There will be swelling.

  • Swelling is when the, like, area...

  • For example, if I sprained my wrist my wrist will become suddenly big like this.

  • Okay? Very painful as well.

  • Whiplash. If you're driving in a car and you're wearing your seatbelt and you suddenly hit something,

  • your whole body goes forward and back. Right?

  • So that motion creates whiplash.

  • Sorry about that.

  • So if you have whiplash, that's also very dangerous as well.

  • Now, stroke.

  • Stroke I'm not talking about like a head stroke which is very serious, but there's not much

  • you're going to be able to do in terms of first aid.

  • Sun stroke, heat stroke.

  • Okay?

  • If you have any of these, you need to get the person first of all to the shade, you

  • need to cool them down right away as much as you possibly can, get them to the hospital,

  • they'll get some water, some salts, etc.

  • A wound is visible, it's a cut.

  • The skin is broken, blood is coming out.

  • You're bleeding.

  • A tear also could be like...

  • It's like a cut.

  • Basically you've torn some skin off, there's going to be blood, it's going to be kind of ugly.

  • If somebody got dismembered means a part of the body came off.

  • Like, if you got hit by a car and your arm came off, what you need to do first, get that

  • arm, put it on ice, get the person to the hospital, maybe they can sew it back on.

  • Okay?

  • So...

  • But it's very not only important to have all these things and to know what you're talking

  • about, it's very important to know how to administer first aid.

  • So, if there is a first aid course near your house or not too far, I highly recommend that

  • everybody take a first aid course so in any case of emergency

  • you can save somebody's life.

  • You might even be able to save your own life by telling somebody what to do for you.

  • Okay?

  • Very, very important.

  • So I hope this was helpful.

  • There's a quiz at www.engvid.com where you can test your knowledge of the new vocabulary,

  • and you can ask questions there as well in the forum.

  • If you like the video, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.

  • There'll be lots more coming like this.

  • And yeah, if you have any questions, come ask me and I'll see you again real soon.

  • Bye-bye.

Hi.

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用英語學習急救詞彙 (Learn First Aid Vocabulary in English)

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