Not as easy as you might think!

可能並非如你想像的那麼簡單！

Hey guys, Tara here for Dnews, and if you have friends or partners who are chronic liars then you've come to the right place.

嗨各位，我是 Dnews 的 Tara，如果你有朋友或夥伴是慣性說謊者那麼這集很值得你收看

Nonverbal cues are widely considered to be the most telling indicators of when a person is lying, but what should you be looking out for?

非語言線索被廣泛視為一個人說謊時最顯著的指標但你又該留意些什麼呢？

Well, one of the first signs of a nervous liar is fidgeting, so pay close attention.

關於緊張的說謊者，他們的其中一個徵兆是坐立不安因此要特別注意這點

Are they shuffling their feet or playing with their hair or messing with their watch or clothing?

他們是否拖著腳走路？撥弄自己的頭髮？或者胡亂撥動手錶或衣服呢？

All of these could be potential signs of deceit.

這些都可能是說謊的潛在信號

Now, you've probably heard that liars tend to avoid eye contact, but did you know that dilated pupils can also be a sign?

你或許曾聽過說謊者傾向避免眼神接觸但你知道瞳孔散大也是一種徵兆嗎？

These are caused by increased tension and concentration, typically experienced when someone is lying.

瞳孔放大源自於緊張感與專注力的提升是人們說謊時的典型表現

Defensiveness is another telling behavior that can manifest in multiple ways.

防禦性的舉止是另一種顯著的行為，而它可能以多樣的形式出現

If someone's voice suddenly gets higher, for example, that's a pretty good giveaway.

舉例來說，如果某人突然提高音量，那很可能就洩漏出他在說謊

Liars also tend to be uncooperative, and make more negative statements,

說謊者往往也不配合，且有更多的負面敘述

using words like "sad" or "hate."

像是使用「難過」和「厭惡」這種字眼

Most of these seem pretty obvious when you think about it,

上面談論到的大部分內容，我們都認為理所當然

but modern research suggests that they may not be entirely accurate.

但當代的研究指出它們可能沒有完全正確

A study published last month in the journal Psychological Science claims that

上個月在 Psychological Science 雜誌中發表的研究宣稱

humans are better at detecting lies when they're doing so unconsciously,

人們比較擅長在不知不覺中察覺謊言

rather than consciously trying to decipher certain behaviors.

而不是有意地嘗試解讀特定的行為舉止

According to Maria Hartwig, a professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice,

根據約翰傑刑事司法學院的教授 Maria Hartwig 所言

looking at a person's behavior and listening to their statements

觀察一個人的行為且傾聽其論述

has a lie detection accuracy rate of about 54%,

大概只有 54% 的謊言偵測準確率

which is only slightly above the rate you'd obtain from simply guessing.

這個機率只稍微高於純猜測所獲得的正確率

The real indicators, she says, are much more subtle than the nonverbal cues we've been taught to rely on.

她說真正的信號，其實比我們經過指導後所依賴的非言語線索還要精細

Clark Freshman is a law professor who runs a firm that trains lawyers and negotiators

Clark Freshman 是位法律教授，他經營一間公司專門訓練律師和協商者

on proper lie detection techniques.

使其擁有適當的謊言偵測技巧

He says that while there's no surefire method for detecting liars,

他指出當沒有可靠的方法來辨識說謊者時

there are some advanced methods they employ during questioning.

他們會在審問過程中採用一些先進的方法

The "unanticipated question approach," for example, is useful in cases

舉例來說，「非預期問題法」用在

where you suspect someone may be trying to cover something up.

你懷疑有人可能想掩蓋什麼事實時很有幫助

This is based on the idea that people in these situations

這是基於人們身處此情境時

will often fabricate stories without considering all of the details.

常會偽造一些經歷與故事而沒有考慮到所有細節

So, if someone commits a crime but their alibi says they were at a restaurant when it happened,

所以如果有人犯下罪行，但他們辯解案發時自己是在餐廳

ask them questions that they wouldn't expect.

那麼就詢問他們料想不到的問題

Like, where was the restaurant's bathroom located?

例如，那間餐廳的廁所在什麼位置？

A person who's telling the truth, will have no problem answering these details

說真話的人對於回答這些細節沒有任何問題

but a liar, might struggle more.

但對說謊者來說，則可能相對困難

If you already have evidence that someone has lied,

如果你已經有某人說謊的證據

Hartwig says the worst thing you can do is to let the liar know you have evidence.

Hartwig 認為最糟糕的就是讓他們知道你擁有證據

Instead, ask them general questions, and see how much information they're willing to volunteer.

較佳的做法是詢問他們基本問題，並觀察他們願意給出多少資訊

People who are telling the truth, tend to be more forthcoming with information

那些陳述事實的人比較樂於提供訊息

than liars, who are naturally evasive.

相比之下，說謊者會自然地傾向迴避它

Freshman also says to look out for microexpressions

Freshman 也認為要觀察對方的微表情

which are subtle facial cues that appear for only a split second.

意即發生在一瞬間的細微臉部線索

A 2008 study on the topic showed that people who are being deceptive about their emotions

一項 2008年的研究指出，對於隱瞞了自己情緒的人來說

display inconsistent expressions and blink more often than those telling the truth.

會表現出不一致的舉止，而且比說實話者更頻繁地眨眼

So if you REALLY wanna catch someone in a lie,

因此如果你真的很渴望看穿某人在說謊

try not to focus too much on the obvious clues.

試著不要把太多注意力放在顯著的線索

Because it's the subtle ones that are usually the most telling.

因為通常愈精細的線索會顯露愈多信號

If you know any other tried-and-true methods for catching a liar with their pants down,

如果你知道其他能出其不意抓到說謊者的可靠方法

let us know in the comments below,

在下面留言讓我們知道

and for more episodes of Dnews, subscribe here.

如果想觀看更多 Dnews 的影片，就訂閱我們吧