Name: 【TED】Alison Gopnik:寶寶在想什麼呀? (Alison Gopnik: What do babies think?)
Uploaded: 2013-07-26T05:29:30.000Z
Duration: 18 min 30 s

第二類條件句型

大多數的人，包括心理專家在內，

would have said that this baby was irrational,

that he couldn't take the perspective of another person

developmental science has completely overturned that picture.

發展科學已完全顛覆了原有的見解。

is like the thinking of the most brilliant scientists.

像是頂尖聰明的科學家的思考。

Let me give you just one example of this.

One thing that this baby could be thinking about,

what's going on in the mind of that other baby.

After all, one of the things that's hardest for all of us to do

畢竟，對我們所有人而言，超難的任務之一是

is to figure out what other people are thinking and feeling.

去弄清楚、摸明白別人正在想什麼和其感受。

is to figure out that what other people think and feel

isn't actually exactly like what we think and feel.

和我們自身的思考和感受是十分不同的。

Anyone who's followed politics can testify

to how hard that is for some people to get.

could understand this really profound thing about other people.

能理解其他人內在深層的想法。

Now the question is: How could we ask them?

what you'll get is a beautiful stream of consciousness monologue

你會得到一串極妙的意識流獨白，

about ponies and birthdays and things like that.

有關小馬、生日這一類的事情。

So how do we actually ask them the question?

Well it turns out that the secret was broccoli.

What we did -- Betty Rapacholi, who was one of my students, and I --

我和貝蒂(Betty Rapacholi)，貝蒂是我的一個學生，

was actually to give the babies two bowls of food:

and one bowl of delicious goldfish crackers.

全部的寶寶，即使是在伯克萊，

like the crackers and don't like the raw broccoli.

都喜歡金魚燒薄脆餅而不喜歡生綠花椰。

was to take a little taste of food from each bowl.

And she would act as if she liked it or she didn't.

as if she liked the crackers and didn't like the broccoli --

喜歡金魚燒餅而不喜歡生綠花椰--

just like a baby and any other sane person.

就像寶寶和其他腦袋清楚的人。

what she would do is take a little bit of the broccoli

並說：「嗯，嗯，嗯，嗯，綠花椰耶。

我嚐嚐綠花椰，嗯，嗯，嗯，嗯。」

And then she would take a little bit of the crackers,

was just the opposite of what the babies wanted.

We did this with 15 and 18 month-old babies.

我們對15個月至18個月大的寶寶做這項測試。

And then she would simply put her hand out and say,

接著她會直接伸出她的手並說：

So the question is: What would the baby give her,

那麼問題來了：寶寶會給她什麼呢?

是他們自身喜歡的或是她喜歡的呢?

And the remarkable thing was that 18 month-old babies,

would give her the crackers if she liked the crackers,

會給她薄餅，若她喜歡薄餅的話

but they would give her the broccoli if she liked the broccoli.

但若她喜歡的話，他們會給她綠花椰。

15 month-olds would stare at her for a long time

15個月大的寶寶會盯著她一段時間

if she acted as if she liked the broccoli,

But then after they stared for a long time,

So there are two really remarkable things about this.

所以由這可看出兩件值得注意的事：

The first one is that these little 18 month-old babies

this really profound fact about human nature,

that we don't always want the same thing.

And what's more, they felt that they should actually do things

況且，他們覺得他們確實該做些什麼

to help other people get what they wanted.

the fact that 15 month-olds didn't do this

15個月大的寶寶沒這麼做的事實

suggests that these 18 month-olds had learned

暗示這些18個月大的寶寶已習得

this deep, profound fact about human nature

in the three months from when they were 15 months old.

在三個月內；在他們還是15個月大時。

So children both know more and learn more

And this is just one of hundreds and hundreds of studies over the last 20 years

而這只是20年來數以千百計的研究之中的一例，

And how is it possible for them to learn so much

I mean, after all, if you look at babies superficially,

我是指，若你單視寶寶的外表，

And actually in many ways, they're worse than useless,

而且確實在很多時候，他們何止是弱不禁風，

because we have to put so much time and energy

因而我們必須投入大量的時間和精力

字幕列表影片播放

【TED】Alison Gopnik:寶寶在想什麼呀? (Alison Gopnik: What do babies think?)

learn

baby

think

kind