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  • Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com.

    你好,歡迎回到www.engvid.com。

  • I'm Adam.

    我是亞當

  • In today's lesson we're going to look at the adverb clause.

    在今天'的課程中,我們'要看副詞句。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • Now, this is one of the dependent clauses that we're going to look at.

    現在,這是我們要看的一個從句。

  • I also have a lesson about noun clauses and adjective clauses.

    我還有一節課是關於名詞性從句和形容詞性從句。

  • I have a lesson about the independent clause, which is different from all of these.

    我有一節課是關於獨立句的,它和這些都不一樣。

  • Today we're looking at the adverb clause, which depends on the grammar book you're using.

    今天我們'正在研究副詞從句,這取決於你使用的文法書'。

  • Again, they like to use different words.

    同樣,他們喜歡用不同的詞語。

  • Some people call this the subordinate clause.

    有人稱之為從句。

  • "Subordinate" meaning under. Right?

    "從屬"的意思,下。對嗎?

  • "Sub" means under, it's under the independent clause, means it's...

    "Sub"是指在,它'下的獨立條款,是指它'的...。

  • The independent clause is the more important one, the subordinate clause is the second.

    獨立句是比較重要的,從句是次要的。

  • Now, the thing to remember about adverb clauses: What makes them different from noun clauses

    現在,要記住的是副詞從句。它們與名詞性從句有何不同

  • or adjective clauses is that they don't modify words.

    或形容詞從句是,它們不修飾詞'。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • A noun clause modifies or acts as a specific function to something in the independent clause.

    名詞性子句對獨立子句中的某物進行修飾或起到特定的作用。

  • It could be the subject, it could be the object of the verb, for example.

    比如說,它可以是主語,可以是動詞的賓語。

  • Or it could be a complement.

    也可以是一種補充。

  • But it's always working with some other word in the independent clause.

    但它'總是和獨立分句中的其他詞一起工作。

  • The adjective clause-excuse me-always modifies or identifies a noun in the sentence,

    形容詞 claus-excuse me-總是修飾或標識句中的名詞。

  • in the clause, etc.

    中,等

  • The adverb clause shows a relationship, and that's very, very important to remember because

    副詞從句顯示了一種關係,這一點非常非常重要,要記住,因為

  • the subordinate conjunctions, the words that join the clause to the independent clause

    從屬連詞

  • has a very specific function.

    具有非常特殊的功能。

  • The two clauses, the independent clause and the subordinate clause have a very distinct

    獨立分句和從句這兩個分句具有非常明顯的

  • relationship.

    的關係。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • So here are some of those relationships: Reason, contrast, condition, time, purpose, and comparison.

    那麼這裡有這樣一些關係。原因,對比,條件,時間,目的和比較。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • There are others, but we're going to focus on these because these are the more common ones.

    還有其他的,但我們'要把重點放在這些上,因為這些是比較常見的。

  • And there are many conjunctions, but I'm only going to give you a few here just so you have

    有很多結語,但我只給你幾個在這裡只是為了讓你有

  • an idea how the adverb clause works.

    副詞從句的工作原理。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • So, for example, when we're looking at reason...

    所以,舉例來說,當我們'看原因......。

  • Okay? Before I give you actual sentence examples, I'm going to talk to you about the conjunctions.

    好嗎?在我給你實際的句子例子之前,我'要和你談談連詞。

  • These are called the subordinate conjunctions.

    這些被稱為從屬連詞。

  • They very clearly show the relationship between the clauses, so you have to remember that.

    它們非常清楚地顯示了分句之間的關係,所以你必須記住這一點。

  • So: "because", okay?

    所以:"因為",好嗎?

  • "Because" means reason.

    "因為"是指道理。

  • So, I did something because I had to do it.

    所以,我做了一些事情,因為我必須這樣做。

  • Okay? So: "I did something"-independent clause-"because"-why?-"I had to do it".

    好嗎?所以:"我做了一件事"-獨立句-"因為"-為什麼?-"我不得不做"。

  • I had no choice.

    我別無選擇。

  • That's the relationship between the two.

    這就是兩者之間的關係'。

  • "Since" can also mean "because".

    "既然"也可以指"因為"。

  • "Since", of course, can also mean since the beginning of something, since a time, but

    "既然",當然也可以指從某件事情開始,從某個時間開始,但

  • it can also mean "because" when we're using it as an adverb clause conjunction.

    it can also mean "because" when we''re using it as an adverb clause conjunction.

  • Contrast.

    對比一下。

  • "Contrast" means to show that there's a difference.

    "對比"的意思是表明有'的區別。

  • Now, it could be yes/no, positive/negative, but it doesn't have to be.

    現在,它可以是是/否,積極/消極,但它不'不必是。

  • It could be one idea and then a contrasting idea.

    可以是一個想法,然後是一個對比的想法。

  • One expectation, and one completely different result.

    一個期望,卻有一個完全不同的結果。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • You have to be very careful not to look for a positive or a negative verb, or a positive

    你要非常小心,不要找一個正、反動詞,或者是一個積極的

  • or negative anything else, but we're going to look at examples for that.

    或消極的任何其他東西,但我們'要看的例子。

  • The more common conjunctions for that is: "although" or "though"-both are okay,

    比較常見的連詞是:"雖然"或"雖然"-都可以。

  • mean the same thing-or "whereas".

    意味著同樣的事情--或者"而"。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • "Although I am very rich, I can't afford to buy a Lamborghini."

    "雖然我很有錢,但我買不起蘭博基尼.&quot。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • So, "rich" means lots of money.

    所以,"有錢"意味著很多錢。

  • "Can't afford" means not enough money.

    "Can't afford"意思是錢不夠用。

  • Contrasting ideas.

    對比思想。

  • They're a little bit opposite from what one expects.

    他們'與人們的期望有些相反。

  • Contrast, reason.

    對比,原因。

  • Condition.

    狀況:

  • "Condition" means one thing must be true for something else to be true.

    "條件"是指一件事必須是真的,其他的事才會是真的。

  • So, for the part of the independent clause to be true-the situation, the action, the

    所以,要想讓獨立分句的部分為真--情況、動作、。

  • event, whatever-then the condition must first be true.

  • "If I were a...

    "如果我是一個... ...

  • If I were a rich man, I would buy a Lamborghini."

    如果我是個有錢人,我會買一輛蘭博基尼.&quot。

  • But I'm...

    但我...

  • Even though I am a rich man...

    雖然我是個有錢人... ...

  • Although I am a rich man, I can't afford one.

    雖然我是個有錢人,但我買不起。

  • So we use "if", "as long as".

    所以我們用"如果","只要"。

  • Again, there are others.

    同樣,還有其他。

  • Time.

    時間。

  • This is another relationship.

    這是另一種關係。

  • When did something happen?

    什麼時候發生的事情?

  • We use "when", we use "while", we use other conjunctions as well.

    我們用"when",我們用"while",我們也用其他連詞。

  • "I will call you when I get home."

    "我回家後會給你打電話的&quot。

  • So this call that I will make to you will happen at the time that I get home.

    所以我給你打的這個電話會在我回家的時候發生。

  • That's the relationship between the two.

    這就是兩者之間的關係'。

  • Purpose.

    目的:

  • "I asked my boss for a pay raise so that I could afford my Lamborghini."

    "我要求我的老闆加薪,這樣我就可以買得起我的蘭博基尼.&quot。

  • Which I can't afford now.

    我現在買不起。

  • Comparison, if I want to compare two things.

    比較,如果我想比較兩件事。

  • Now, you have to be very careful with comparisons because they don't always have to take a clause.

    現在,你必須非常小心地進行比較,因為它們並不總是必須採取一個條款。

  • But if you're comparing clause to clause, if you're comparing action to action, then

    但是,如果你'在比較條款與條款之間,如果你'在比較行動與行動之間,那麼......。

  • you must use a comparison conjunction with an adverb clause to show.

    你必須用比較連詞與副詞句來顯示。

  • So: "I am not as able to do this as she is."

    所以:"我沒有她那麼能幹&quot。

  • Right?

    對吧?

  • "I am not as able as she"-subject-"is", verb.

    "I am not as able as she"-主語-"is",動詞。

  • Comparing two situations, two actions, etc.

    比較兩種情況、兩種行為等。

  • So now that we see some of the relationships we can use and some of the conjunctions we

    所以,現在我們看到了一些我們可以使用的關係,以及一些我們可以使用的連詞。

  • can use, let's look at some sentence examples to see how this works.

    可以使用,讓我們看看一些句子的例子,看看如何使用。

  • Okay, let's look at some examples now.

    好了,現在讓我們來看一些例子。

  • I'm going to show you some dos and don'ts; things you should do, things you should not

    我'要告訴你一些該做和不該做的事;你應該做的事,你不應該做的事。

  • do.

    做。

  • But again, everything has an exception, we'll talk about that.

    但同樣的,凡事都有例外,我們'會說的。

  • Let's look at three independent clauses.

    讓我們來看看三個獨立的條款。

  • "I love pizza."

    我愛披薩.&quot。

  • Very simple.

    非常簡單。

  • "I love pizza.", "I rarely eat it."

    "我喜歡比薩餅.","我很少吃它.&quot。

  • I very, very seldom...

    我很少,很少... ...

  • I almost never eat pizza.

    我幾乎從來不吃披薩。

  • "It's unhealthy."

    "它'是不健康的&quot。

  • "It" being pizza.

    "它"被比薩。

  • Now, I want to combine all of these things together, but I want to make sure that there's

    現在,我想把所有這些東西結合在一起,但我想確保有'的。

  • a relationship between these two and this one, maybe even this one. Okay?

    這兩個人之間的關係,這一個,甚至可能是這一個。好嗎?

  • "Although I love pizza," so right away you're expecting a contrast.

    "雖然我愛吃披薩,"所以馬上你'就會期待一個對比。

  • "I love pizza."

    我愛披薩.&quot。

  • So you're thinking if I love pizza, I eat it every day. Right?

    所以你'想如果我愛吃披薩,我就天天吃。對嗎?

  • Well, right away you understand probably not.

    好吧,馬上你就明白大概不會。

  • There's going to be a contrast coming up.

    有'的會是一個對比來的。

  • "I rarely eat it".

    "我很少吃它"。

  • I love it, I rarely eat it.

    我愛吃,我很少吃。

  • It doesn't make sense. They're opposites.

    它不'沒有意義。他們是對立面。

  • Well, there's your opposite conjunction.

    好吧,這就是你的反面結合點。

  • Why do I rarely eat it? "...because it's unhealthy."

    為什麼我很少吃它呢"......因為它'是不健康的&quot。

  • So, I rarely eat it even though I love it, there's your contrast, because...

    所以,我雖然愛吃,卻很少吃,這就是你的對比,因為...

  • There's your reason and why rarely eat.

    有'你的理由,為什麼很少吃。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • I have a contrast between how I feel about pizza and how often I eat it.

    我對披薩的感覺和吃披薩的頻率有一個對比。

  • I have a reason of why I rarely eat it because it's unhealthy.

    我為什麼很少吃它,因為它不健康,我有一個理由。

  • So this sentence is perfect, everything works well together.

    所以這句話是完美的,一切都很好的配合。

  • Another thing to keep in mind: One sentence can have many adverb clauses.

    還有一點要注意。一個句子可以有很多副詞從句。

  • As many relationships as you need, you can put into a sentence.

    你需要多少關係,就可以把它放到一句話裡。

  • Again, once your sentence gets too long with too many clauses going on, then you're starting

    同樣的,一旦你的句子變得太長,有太多的分句,那麼你'就會開始

  • to get a little bit confusing to your reader.

    來讓你的讀者感到有點困惑。

  • Now, another thing I want to mention: You'll notice the comma here.

    現在,我想提的另一件事。你會注意到這裡的逗號。

  • Generally speaking, when you begin a sentence with an adverb clause...

    一般來說,當你用副詞從句開頭時... ...

  • Generally speaking, you're going to put a comma.

    一般來說,你'要放一個逗號。

  • Now, in today's writing, more and more writers don't like commas.

    現在,在今天的寫作中,越來越多的作家不喜歡逗號。

  • If they can avoid it...

    如果他們能避免...

  • If I can take it out and still make sense, and it's still very clear and very easy to

    如果我可以把它拿出來,還能說得通,而且它'還是很清楚,很容易的

  • understand what's going on, take it out.

    明白是怎麼回事,拿出來。

  • If you're not sure, if you're starting a sentence with an adverb, just put a comma at the end

    如果你不確定,如果你用副詞開始一個句子,只需在句尾加一個逗號即可

  • of the adverb clause before your independent clause.

    在你的獨立分句前加上副詞分句。

  • When you get into mixed sentences where you have clauses inside clauses, then it starts

    當你進入混合句子,你有分句內的分句,那麼就會開始。

  • becoming more confusing, but it's still very logical, but I'll do that in a separate lesson.

    變得更加混亂,但它'仍然很有邏輯性,但我'會在另外的課程中做。

  • Embedded clauses that everything sort of mixes up together.

    嵌入的條款,所有的東西都有點混在一起。

  • You have all three clauses in one sentence.

    你一句話就把三個分句都說出來了。

  • It's a little confusing.

    它'有點混亂。

  • Let's look at this sentence: "I rarely eat pizza, although I love it, because it's unhealthy."

    讓我們看看這句話:"我很少吃披薩,雖然我很喜歡吃,因為它不健康&quot。

  • Now, if you're saying this sentence, if you're speaking it, no problem, the person will understand you.

    現在,如果你'說這句話,如果你'說這句話,沒問題,人家就會明白你的意思。

  • This is not a good sentence to write out, in written English.

    這句話不好寫出來,書面英語。

  • Why?

    為什麼?

  • Because sometimes you want to place your clauses in a relationship that makes sense.

    因為有時候你想把你的分句放在一個有意義的關係中。

  • "I rarely eat pizza, although I love it", okay, no problem.

    "我很少吃披薩,雖然我很喜歡吃",好吧,沒問題。

  • But if I put: "because it's unhealthy", now, the "because" is about the rarely eat, not

    但如果我把:"因為它'不健康",現在,"因為"是關於很少吃的,而不是。

  • about the "I love it".

    關於"我愛它"。

  • I don't love it because it's unhealthy.

    我不愛它,因為它不健康。

  • I love it because it...

    我喜歡它,因為它...

  • Well, it's delicious.

    嗯,它的美味。

  • I don't eat it because it's unhealthy.

    我不吃它,因為它不健康。

  • So you have to be very careful about positioning your adverb clauses.

    所以你必須非常小心地定位你的副詞從句。

  • Make sure that the relationship makes sense.

    確保關係合理。

  • In this case, because this one is connected to this...

    在這種情況下,因為這個跟這個... ...

  • To this clause, it seems to go together and it seems to show the relationship there.

    對這個條款,它似乎是一起的,它似乎顯示了那裡的關係。

  • Again, when you're speaking it, then you will say:

    再來,當你'在說它的時候,那麼你會說。

  • "I rarely eat pizza, although I love it, because it's unhealthy."

    "我很少吃披薩,雖然我愛吃,因為它'不健康.&quot。

  • So then to the person listening, this goes with this.

    那麼對聽的人來說,這就跟這個。

  • This is the actual sentence, and this is an aside.

    這是實句,這是旁證。

  • But very difficult to make a reader understand that.

    但很難讓讀者明白這一點。

  • So go with the logical connections, try to put adverb clauses...

    所以要用邏輯連接,儘量把副詞從句...

  • Or try to put clauses together so that the relationship is very clear.

    或者儘量把條款放在一起,這樣關係就非常明確了。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • Now, let's look at this one.

    現在,讓我們來看看這個。

  • Just I want to drive this home about the relationship.

    只是我想把這個關係開到家。

  • It's so important to understand the relationships between clauses.

    瞭解分句之間的關係太重要了。

  • "Although I love pizza I eat it often."

    "雖然我喜歡吃比薩,但我經常吃它.&quot。

  • Now, does this sentence make sense?

    現在,這句話說得通嗎?

  • No, of course not.

    不,當然不是。

  • Because the reader or even the listener in this case, as soon as the reader or listener

    因為在這種情況下,只要讀者甚至是聽者

  • hears this word they're listening for two opposite things, two contrasting ideas, or

    他們聽到這個詞,他們聽的是兩件相反的事情,兩個對比的想法,或

  • actions, or whatever the case.

    行動,或者不管是什麼情況。

  • So: "love", good; "eat often", good.

    所以:"愛",好;"常吃",好。

  • Positive, positive.

    積極的,積極的。

  • There's no contrast.

    有沒有'的對比。

  • Right?

    對吧?

  • So the thing you have to remember...

    所以你要記住的是... ...

  • So, what's the relationship here?

    那麼,這裡有什麼關係呢?

  • "Because".

    "因為"。

  • "Because I love pizza I eat it often."

    "因為我愛吃披薩,所以我經常吃它&quot。

  • Notice here I didn't put the comma.

    注意這裡我沒有放逗號。

  • With "because", very uncommon to use the comma, but again, you could.

    用"because",很不常用逗號,但你又可以。

  • You don't need to because it's very clear, the relationship.

    你不'需要,因為它'很清楚,關係。

  • It's very clear you have two separate clauses here.

    很明顯,你這裡有兩個獨立的條款。

  • Leave it out, it's fine.

    不說了,它'的罰款。

  • Okay.

    好吧,我知道了

  • Let's look at some more examples.

    讓我們'再看一些例子。

  • Okay, a couple more notes I want to mention.

    好吧,我還想提幾個注意事項。

  • Usually adverb clauses can go-excuse me-at the beginning of a sentence, or in the middle,

    通常副詞從句可以去--excuse me--在句子的開頭,或者在中間。

  • or at the end, etc.

    或在最後等。

  • You can put it pretty much anywhere.

    你可以把它放在幾乎任何地方。

  • However, in some cases it's recommended to put it in the middle

    但是,在某些情況下,建議把它放在中間。

  • after the independent clause.

    在獨立子句之後。

  • So, for example: "Joe took a week off work so that his wife could take a training course."

    所以,例如:"喬請了一個星期的假,這樣他的妻子就可以參加一個培訓課程了&quot。

  • So he took a week off for the purpose of giving his wife time.

    所以他請了一個星期的假,目的是為了給妻子時間。

  • Now, can I begin this sentence:

    現在,我可以開始這句話。

  • "So that his wife could take a training course, Joe took a week off work"?

    "為了讓妻子能參加培訓課程,喬請了一個星期的假"?

  • Can I say that? Yes.

    我可以這麼說嗎?可以

  • Do I want to say that?

    我想說嗎?

  • No.

    不知道

  • I would rather start with this, because the purpose first of all is more important than

    我寧可從這一點入手,因為目的首先比

  • what he did.

    他的所作所為。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • Unless I want to stress the time off, then I would switch it.

    除非我想強調休息時間,那我就會換。

  • But generally, with "so that", I always put the actual purpose second and the first action

    但一般情況下,對於"so that",我總是把實際目的放在第二位,而把行動放在第一位。

  • first, because you always do something...

    首先,因為你總是做一些... ...

  • It's like cause and effect.

    這就像因果一樣。

  • Why do you do this?

    你為什麼要這麼做?

  • For this purpose.

    為此:

  • So it has a logical flow.

    所以它有一個邏輯流程。

  • But again, you don't have to, you could put it at beginning, put the comma, finish it off,

    但又不一定,你可以放在開頭,放上逗號,完成它。

  • perfectly okay.

    非常好。

  • Now, one last thing I want to mention.

    現在,我想說的最後一件事。

  • You can have sentences that have adverb clauses within adverb clauses.

    你可以有副詞從句中的句子。

  • It can be a little bit confusing, but again, as long as you make sure you understand the

    這可能會有點混亂,但同樣,只要你確保你理解了。

  • relationships between all the pieces, it works out.

    所有部件之間的關係,它的工作原理。

  • "You should stay home because if you go there there will be trouble."

    "你應該呆在家裡,因為如果你去那裡會有麻煩。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • You should stay home because there will be trouble.

    你應該呆在家裡,因為會有麻煩。

  • But there will only be trouble if you go.

    但如果你去了,只會有麻煩。

  • So, basically, what am I doing here?

    所以,基本上,我在這裡做什麼?

  • I'm emphasizing the first part: Stay home.

    我強調第一部分。呆在家裡。

  • If you don't stay home, there will be trouble.

    如果你不留在家裡,就會有麻煩。

  • So you should stay home because if you don't there will be trouble. Right?

    所以,你應該留在家裡,因為如果你不這樣做,會有麻煩。是吧?

  • So here the confusing part for some people is: "because if".

    所以這裡讓一些人困惑的是:"因為如果"。

  • You have two conjunctions.

    你有兩個連詞。

  • Right?

    對吧?

  • So, basically, what is going on here: This whole thing is the reason.

    所以,基本上,這裡面是怎麼回事。這整件事就是原因

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • "You should stay home". Now, the thing you want to do,

    "你應該呆在家裡"。現在,你想做的事情。

  • you want to count your subjects and verbs.

    你要數你的主語和動詞。

  • Subject: "You should stay".

    主題:"你應該留下來"。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • That's one clause.

    這'是一個條款。

  • "Because there will be", subject and verb.

    "因為會有",主語和動詞。

  • Well, subject...

    嗯,主題...

  • Sorry, this is the conjunction and verb, and subject and verb.

    對不起,這是連詞和動詞,還有主語和動詞。

  • As long as you have different clauses, each of these conjunctions...

    只要你有不同的分句,每一個連詞都...

  • This conjunction has a clause, this conjunction has a clause.

    這個連詞有一個分句,這個連詞有一個分句。

  • They both work, they both work together.

    他們都在工作,他們都在一起工作。

  • "Because there will be trouble" is too general.

    "因為會有麻煩"太籠統了。

  • "Because if you go there will be trouble".

    "因為如果你去了就會有麻煩"。

  • I want to emphasize the going, which is why you should stay home.

    我想強調的是去,這就是為什麼你應該呆在家裡。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • So it works.

    所以,它的工作。

  • But, again, I'm going to look at more deeply at embedded clauses...

    但是,同樣,我'要更深入地研究嵌入式條款......。

  • I'm going to... You can watch that in a different lesson.

    我...你可以在另一節課上看。

  • It's very...

    這很...

  • It's a little bit confusing.

    這'有點混亂。

  • It's definitely very advanced grammar, but you can watch it there and try to get a better idea.

    它'絕對是非常高級的文法,但你可以在那裡觀看,並嘗試更好的想法。

  • Because sometimes, especially if you're reading academic material, you'll see very long sentences

    因為有時,特別是當你'閱讀學術材料時,你'會看到很長的句子。

  • with like five, six, seven clauses;

    有五、六、七句。

  • noun clauses, adjective clauses, adverb clauses, adverb clause inside an adjective clause.

    名詞從句,形容詞從句,副詞從句,形容詞從句裡面的副詞從句。

  • All kinds of mixed sentences.

    各種混雜的句子。

  • As long as you can break all the pieces down, as long as you can understand the function

    只要你能把所有的部分分解開來,只要你能明白功能的作用

  • of each word, each clause, each phrase, you can understand any sentence in English.

    每一個單詞,每一個分句,每一個短語,你可以理解任何英語句子。

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • So, if you like this lesson, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.

    所以,如果你喜歡這堂課,請訂閱我的YouTube頻道。

  • If you have any questions about this lesson, please go to www.engvid.com.

    如果您對本課有任何疑問,請到www.engvid.com。

  • You can join the discussion board.

    你可以加入討論區。

  • Ask me any question, I'll gladly answer it.

    問我任何問題,我'很樂意回答。

  • There's also a quiz where you can practice some of these adverb clauses and

    還有一個測驗,你可以練習一些這些副詞從句和。

  • see more example sentences.

    查看更多例句。

  • And I'll see you next time.

    而我'下次再見。

  • Bye.

    掰掰

Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com.

你好,歡迎回到www.engvid.com。

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