I am Alessandro Volta,

我是亞歷山德羅-沃爾塔。

and today I invite you to join me on a journey of discovery.

今天我邀請你和我一起踏上發現之旅。

Together, we will relive my greatest triumph:

我們將一起重溫我最大的勝利。

the invention of the battery.

電池的發明。

But you say: "This doesn't look much like a battery!"

但你說："這看起來不太像電池！&quot。

Perhaps you were expecting:

也許你在期待。

One of these.

其中之一。

Or even:

甚至。

One of these.

其中之一。

But my reply is this:

但我的回答是：

All these batteries are the same

這些電池都是一樣的

and they only require one thing to make them work:

而它們只需要一件事就能讓它們發揮作用。

A flow of electrons from high concentration to low concentration

電子從高濃度流向低濃度。

This simple idea powers flashlights, computers,

這個簡單的想法為手電筒、電腦供電。

and even tiny little helicopters!

甚至是小小的直升機!

Come, meet my colleague Luigi Galvani.

來，見見我的同事Luigi Galvani。

It is upon his research that I based my most important discovery.

正是基於他的研究，我才有了最重要的發現。

[singing] Frogs frogs frogs, you gotta cut them up to see how they work.

[唱] 青蛙... ...青蛙... ...青蛙，你得把它們切開來看看它們是怎麼工作的。

[singing] Frogs frogs frogs, you gotta cut them up to see how they work.

[唱] 青蛙... ...青蛙... ...青蛙，你得把它們切開來看看它們是怎麼工作的。

[off-screen] Galvani, how are you?

加爾瓦尼，你好嗎？

Ah, Volta!

啊，沃爾塔！

Perfecto timing for a lab visit.

恰逢其時的實驗室檢查。

I've just received an amazing new piece of equipment:

我剛剛收到了一個驚人的新設備。

A set of pinchers, where one part is made of copper

一套夾子，其中一部分是由銅製成的。

and the other part is made of zinc

而另一部分是由鋅製成的

and using these pinchers,

並使用這些夾子。

I'm going to dissect the frog.

我'要去解剖青蛙。

Would you be so kind as to demonstrate for me?

你能不能給我示範一下？

Gladly.

很高興。

Whoa, behold: electricity!

哇，看哪：電！

From the tissues of this humble beast I've evoked electrical fire.

從這個卑微的野獸的組織中，我'已經喚起了電火。

Amazing. With this power,

驚人的。有了這種力量。

we could drive electric carriages and electric boats

我們可以開電動車和電動船了

and if electricity resides in a single frog,

而如果電住在一隻青蛙身上。

we could feed one frog to another -

我們可以喂一隻青蛙到另一個 -

and the second to a third and the third to a fourth -

和第二個到第三個和第三個到第四個 -

and make a gigantic frog full of fiery electric potential.

並做出一隻充滿火熱電勢的巨大青蛙。

Ah, but you're wrong my dear friend.

啊，但是你錯了，我親愛的朋友。

You've made a magnificent discovery,

你做了一個偉大的發現。

but you misunderstand the cause.

但你誤解了原因。

Well, where does the electricity come from?

那麼，電從哪裡來？

You're using tools that are made out of two different metals:

你使用的工具是由兩種不同的金屬製成的。

Zinc and Copper

鋅和銅

This is the source of the current.

這就是電流的來源。

If you were to use tools that were made of the same metal,

如果你要使用相同金屬製成的工具。

nothing happens - see?

無事生非

But with my pinchers of zinc and copper,

但與我的鋅和銅的捏合。

- Amazing, amazing!

- 驚人，驚人！

This is truly a wonderful discovery.

這真是一個奇妙的發現。

Thank you, Volta. But now you've got me thinking:

謝謝你，沃爾塔。但現在你讓我想到了。

Why does electricity flow from one metal to another?

為什麼電會從一種金屬流向另一種金屬？

What makes copper and zinc different?

銅和鋅有什麼不同？

I'm so glad you asked.

我'很高興你問了。

Let me tell you a tale: a tale of two metals,

我給你講一個故事：兩種金屬的故事。

a tale about swimming,

一個關於游泳的故事。

and a tale about cats and dogs.

和一個關於貓和狗的故事。

Here we have zinc, a metal that is made of dog-atoms.

這裡有鋅，是一種由狗原子構成的金屬。

All of his dog-atoms love the ocean.

他所有的狗原子都喜歡大海。

They'd do practically anything to go for a swim in the salty water.

他們'幾乎會做任何事情去鹹水裡游泳。

And here we have his friend copper, who is covered in cats.

這裡還有他的朋友銅，他渾身都是貓。

All of his atoms are cats.

他所有的原子都是貓。

They hate the ocean and want to get out of the water as soon as possible.

他們討厭大海，想盡快離開水。

Whenever a dog hops into the water,

每當狗跳入水中。

it has to leave two of its electrons behind.

它必須留下兩個電子。

What am I going to do with all these extra electrons?

這些多出來的電子我要怎麼處理？

And in order for a cat-ion to get out of the water,

而為了讓貓離子出水。

it's got to find two electrons.

它得找到兩個電子。

Cat-ions: Hey! Get us out of the water! We hate swimming!

貓咪們把我們從水裡救出來！我們討厭游泳！

I want to help you, but I have no electrons.

我想幫你，但我沒有電子。

Cat-ions: But it's cold in here! Can't you get us dry without electrons?

貓咪們但它的冷在這裡！沒有電子你就不能讓我們幹嗎？

Nope. It takes two electrons to get you out of the water.

不對需要兩個電子才能把你從水裡撈出來。

But, let me call my friend Zinc.

但是，讓我叫我的朋友鋅。

He may have extra electrons.

他可能有額外的電子。

[phone ringing]

[電話鈴聲]

Hello? Zinc speaking.

喂，我是鋅。我是鋅。

Zinc, it's Copper.

鋅，它'的銅。

Oh man, did you know I was just about to call you?

哦，夥計，你知道我正要給你打電話嗎？

Really? Hey, listen, can you do me a favor:

真的嗎？ - 嘿，聽著，你能幫我個忙嗎？嘿，聽著，你能幫我一個忙嗎？

do you and your dog-ions have any extra electrons around?

你和你的狗狗們有沒有多餘的電子？

That is so crazy! I was about to call you because I have all these dog-atoms,

太瘋狂了！我正要給你打電話，因為我有所有這些狗原子。

and every time they go swimming, they leave behind two electrons.

而每次它們去游泳，都會留下兩個電子。

Now I've got tons of electrons and I don't know what to do.

現在我有大量的電子，我不知道該怎麼辦。

Honestly, I'm feeling pretty negative about the whole situation.

老實說，我'對整個情況感到非常消極。

Well, I'm positive we can find a solution.

好吧，我很肯定我們能找到解決辦法。

Why don't you send a couple of electrons through the wire?

你為什麼不通過電線發送幾個電子？

That way I can pull some of my cat-ions out of the water.

這樣我就可以把我的一些貓咪從水裡拉出來。

Right on, man.

沒錯，夥計。

I'll send them through two at a time.

我一次送兩個過去。

[sound of electricity running through the wire]

[電流通過電線的聲音]

[purring]

[呼嚕聲]

Oh, my cat's purring! It loves being out of the water.

哦，我的貓'的呼嚕聲!它喜歡出水。

Hey, Zinc, have any more electrons?

嘿，鋅，還有電子嗎？

Totally!

完全是！

In this way, the two friends are able to share electrons through the wire,

這樣一來，兩位朋友就可以通過導線共享電子。

creating an electric current.

產生電流。

The zinc dogs want to swim,

鋅狗想遊 。

the copper cats want to get dry,

銅貓想幹。

and that's what makes electricity flow through a battery.

而這也是讓電流流經電池的原因。

Here's the zinc, whose atoms are like dogs and want to swim.

這裡'是鋅，它的原子像狗一樣，想游泳。

Here's the copper, whose atoms are like cats.

這裡'是銅，其原子像貓一樣。

Here's the wire through which Zinc sends its extra electrons to Copper.

這裡是鋅向銅發送額外電子的導線。

This flow of electrons is called an electric current.

這種電子的流動稱為電流。

You can use that current to power a lightbulb,

你可以用這些電流給燈泡供電。

or a speaker.

或揚聲器。

Or a frog's leg!

或者是青蛙的腿!

Electrons flow from the zinc through the frog's leg and into the copper.

電子從鋅流經青蛙'的腿，進入銅。

The nerve in the frog's muscle is sensitive to electricity,

青蛙'肌肉的神經對電很敏感。

and it flexes from the current.

而它從電流中彎曲。

Now I understand! The electricity isn't generated in the frog's leg.

現在我明白了!電不是在青蛙的腿上產生的。

Rather, electrons leaving zinc and traveling into the copper create the current.

而是電子離開鋅，進入銅中產生電流。

Yes! And if you want to make your own battery,

是的！如果你想自己做電池。

all you need are: two kinds of metals,

你所需要的是：兩種金屬。

a wire,

一根電線。

and something salty or sour.

和一些鹹的或酸的東西。

Here's one that I made.

這是我做的一個。

We have a zinc nail, a nice bit of copper, and this beautiful winter gourd.

我們有一個鋅釘，有一點好銅，還有這個美麗的冬瓜。

I am using it to power the tiny speaker here.

我是用它來給這裡的小音箱供電的。

[music]

[音樂]

Oh, that's good.

哦，那很好。

I made my famous batteries with zinc and copper,

我用鋅和銅做了我著名的電池。

but other metals would work as well.

但其他金屬也可以。

Lithium batteries are in cellphones, and lead battereis are in cars.

手機裡有鋰電池，汽車裡有鉛蓄電池。

And instead of a gourd, you could try using really salty water

而不是用葫蘆，你可以試試用真正的鹹水。

or potatoes, or vinegar, or even ammonia.

或洋芋，或醋，甚至氨水。

In every case, there's two metals:

在每種情況下，都有兩種金屬。

one that likes to go swimming, and one that likes to stay dry.

一個喜歡去游泳，一個喜歡保持乾燥。

And the difference between the two of them allows the electrons to flow.

而他們兩個之間的差異，讓電子可以流動。

[sighing]

[嘆氣]

Hey buddy, what's wrong?

嘿，夥計，怎麼了？

You made a wonderful discovery today!

你今天有了一個奇妙的發現!

Yeah, I know.

是的，我知道。

But I got totally wrapped up in the idea that we could use frogs

但我完全被我們可以使用青蛙的想法所迷惑了

fed to other frogs

喂蛙

to power the world.

為世界提供動力。

And now I realize that the data say otherwise.

而現在我意識到，數據顯示並非如此。

And so, I guess I have no more need for these guys.

所以，我想我已經不需要這些傢伙了。

Godspeed, Frogs.

上帝保佑，青蛙們

Adieu.

再見了