with a beautiful website from Squarespace. This video is a bit of a continuation to my

與一個來自Squarespace的漂亮網站。這段視頻是我對我的

last one--Why Planes Don’t Fly Faster. I ended up talking a lot about the Concorde--the

最後一個--《為什麼飛機飛得不快》。我最後談了很多關於協和號的事----。

supersonic plane--but part of the story was left untold. Even though the Concorde failed,

超音速飛機--但部分故事卻沒有被提及。儘管協和式飛機失敗了，

even though it wasn’t commercially viable, it still had a profound effect on how we fly

儘管它不具備商業可行性，但它仍然對我們的飛行方式產生了深遠的影響。

today. Let me explain... Economy class is not how airlines make money.

今天，我給你解釋一下...讓我解釋一下...經濟艙不是航空公司賺錢的方式。

The real money, at least for the traditional airlines, is in premium cabins. Let’s take,

真正的錢，至少對於傳統航空公司來說，是在高級艙。讓我們以。

for example, this British Airways 777. There are 224 total seats on this plane and it flies

比如這架英航777。這架飛機上一共有224個座位，它飛的是

daily between London Heathrow and Washington Dulles airport. A roundtrip economy class

每天往返於倫敦希思羅機場和華盛頓杜勒斯機場。經濟艙往返

ticket leaving March 15th and returning on March 22nd costs, at the time of writing,

3月15日出發、3月22日返回的機票費用，在寫。

$876. That means that, if each one of the 122 economy class seats is filled, the entire

$876.這意味著，如果122個經濟艙座位中的每一個都被填滿，那麼整個。

back section of the plane will make the airline, round-trip, $106,872. Meanwhile, the going

後段的飛機將使航空公司，往返106872元。同時，去

rate for one of their premium-economy seats is $2,633 round-trip meaning the entire cabin

其中一個高級經濟艙座位的往返價格為2,633美元，這意味著整個機艙

will make $105,320. Already you can see that the entire 40 seat premium-economy section

將賺取105320元。已經可以看到，整個40座的高級經濟區

makes British Airways roughly as much as the entire economy-class section. Going up to

使得英國航空的經濟艙部分大致。上去。

Business Class, there are 48 seats sold each for $6,723 making the airline $322,704. The

商務艙，有48個座位，每個座位售價6723元，使航空公司的322,704元。該

14 first class seats are sold for $8,715 each or $122,010 total. So, once again, the 14

14個頭等艙座位每張售價8715元，合計122010元。所以，這14個

passengers at the front of the plane make the airline more money than the 122 at the

在飛機前部的乘客比在機艙內的122名乘客更能讓航空公司賺錢。

back of the plane. In total, the three premium cabins--premium economy, business, and first--make

飛機後面。總的來說，三個高級客艙--高級經濟艙、商務艙和頭等艙--使

the airline on this flight $550,034. That means that 45% of the passengers account for

航空公司在這個班機上的550,034美元。這意味著，45%的乘客佔到了

84% of the airline’s revenue! Now, I need to add some caveats. There is

佔航空公司收入的84%!現在，我需要補充一些注意事項。有

no airline on earth that makes half a million dollars for a six hour flight over the Atlantic.

地球上沒有一家航空公司能在大西洋上空飛行6小時賺50萬美元。

If they did, they would be swimming in money. The fares for this particular routing are

如果他們這樣做，他們就會遊刃有餘。這條航線的票價是

significantly higher than the average fare paid for that flight because they’re non-stop

因為是直達班機，所以比該班機的平均票價高很多。

fares between two high-income, high-demand cities. Of course, a majority of the passengers

兩個高收入、高需求城市之間的票價。當然，大部分的乘客

on that flight will not be traveling between London and Washington, they’ll have connected.

該班機上的人不會在倫敦和華盛頓之間旅行，他們會轉機。

If you originate the ticket in, say, Stockholm, and connect onto that 777 flight to Washington

如果你在斯德哥爾摩購買機票，然後轉乘777班機飛往華盛頓。

the economy class price drops to $392, the premium economy to $1,150, the business class

經濟艙價格降至392元，高級經濟艙降至1150元，商務艙降至1150元。

to $3,025, and the first class to $5,564. But the proportions are still roughly the

至3,025元，頭等艙至5,564元。但比例還是大致相同。

same. A vast majority of the revenue comes from a minority of passengers. This particular

同。絕大多數收入來自於少數乘客。這種特殊的

British Airways 777 is also a very premium-heavy configuration because British Airways is an

英航777也是一個非常重高級的配置，因為英航是一個

airline that focuses a lot on premium travel, but still, on average, 2/3 of any airlines

航空公司，非常注重高端旅行，但平均而言，仍有2/3的任何航空公司。

revenue comes from passengers in First, Business, or Premium Economy class but this wasn’t

收入來自頭等艙、商務艙或高級經濟艙的乘客，但這並不是。

always the case. In the beginning of commercial aviation, there

總是如此。在商業航空的初期，有

weren’t really any classes because everything was premium. That’s not to say that planes

沒有真正的任何等級，因為所有的東西都是高級的。這並不是說飛機

were very luxurious--a 1920s plane looked like this--but flying was just so expensive

是非常豪華的--20世紀20年代的飛機就是這樣的--但飛行是如此的昂貴。

that the experience of flying was the luxury itself. It’s kind of like how you don’t

飛行的體驗本身就是一種奢侈。這有點像你如何不... ...

see Virgin Galactic selling first, business, and economy class seats on their planned tourist

看到維珍銀河在他們計劃中的旅遊上出售頭等艙、商務艙和經濟艙座位

flights to space. The experience itself is the luxury. Once commercial space travel becomes

飛向太空的飛行。這種體驗本身就是一種奢侈。一旦商業太空旅行成為

commonplace, we’ll almost certainly see a classification of the experience but until

普通，我們幾乎肯定會看到經驗的分類，但直到

a transport method is at a cost where it’s attainable to the normal person, it’s all

運價在普通人可以承受的範圍內，就可以了。

first class. In 1950 a round-trip coach fare between New

頭等艙。在1950年，往返於新華社的長途汽車票價。

York and London was $675--adjusted for inflation, thats $6,800 today--roughly the same price

紐約和倫敦的價格是675美元 調整後的通貨膨脹率是6800美元，今天的價格也差不多

as a first-class ticket on the same route nowadays. It’s the exact same type of passenger

作為現在同一航線的頭等艙票。這是完全相同的乘客類型

flying in both these seats. What’s changed is who’s flying further back in the plane.

在這兩個座位上飛行。改變的是誰在飛機上飛得更靠後。

So the story of the development of airline classes really isn’t the story of how airlines

所以，航空類的發展故事，其實並不是航空公司如何發展的故事。

developed more and more luxurious seats, it’s how they cut costs to allow more and more

開發了越來越多的豪華座椅，他們就是這樣降低成本，讓越來越多的

people to fly. It’s also a fascinating demonstration of economics. Airlines have figured out a

人去飛。這也是一個迷人的經濟學示範。航空公司已經想出了一個

way to sell the same product for different prices to different people. The overall product

的方式，將同樣的產品以不同的價格賣給不同的人。整體產品

that airlines are selling is the same no matter which class you’re flying--a flight from

航空公司所銷售的機票不管是哪種艙位都是一樣的 --

point a to point b. What’s different is the experience within the plane.

a點到b點，不同的是平面內的體驗。

The first classification of air travel happened in the 40s and 50s. A significant amount of

航空旅行的第一次分類發生在40、50年代。大量的

revenue for airlines at the time came from contracts for air-mail routes with the US

當時航空公司的收入來自與美國簽訂的航空郵路合同。

Postal Service. These flights flew with many stops often overnight or at odd hours. While

郵政服務。這些班機在飛行過程中經常會有許多停留，往往是過夜或在奇數小時。而

the planes mostly carried mail, they still had a passenger section. The first class fares

飛機主要運送郵件，但仍有客運部分。頭等艙的票價

got you, for example, on a non-stop flight between New York and Chicago while the coach

得到了你，例如，在紐約和芝加哥之間的直飛班機上，而長途客車

fare might get you on a mail flight that left at 2am and stopped in Pittsburgh and Cleveland

票價可能會讓你坐上凌晨2點出發的郵件班機，並在匹茲堡和克利夫蘭停靠

on the way to Chicago. While the fare was cheaper and the flight took longer, the experience

在去芝加哥的路上。雖然票價比較便宜，飛行時間也比較長，但這種體驗。

onboard the plane was largely the same. It wasn’t until 1952 that airlines started

飛機上的情況基本相同。直到1952年，航空公司才開始。

selling the same flights for different prices. One airline, for example, sold standard class

以不同的價格出售相同的班機。例如，一家航空公司出售標準艙。

one-way tickets between New York and London for $395 and tourist-class tickets for $270.

紐約和倫敦之間的單程票價395美元，旅遊艙票價270美元。

It was the exact same flight on the exact same plane--the difference was in the ticket.

這是完全相同的班機，在完全相同的飛機上--區別在於機票。

Tourist class tickets had to be purchased in advance and had no flexibility--you had

旅遊艙的票必須提前購買，而且沒有靈活性--你不得不

to fly on the exact flight the ticket was purchased for. As the name suggested, these

乘坐所購機票的確切班機。顧名思義，這些

tickets were primarily for tourists. Tourists plan trips far in advance and don’t really

票主要是針對遊客的。遊客們提前很長時間就計劃好了行程，並沒有真正的

need flexibility so it was no problem for them to commit to one flight. The full-fare

需要靈活性，所以他們承諾一個班機是沒有問題的。全價

tickets were for the other type of traveller--the business-person. Business travelers, first

票是為另一種類型的旅行者準備的--商務人士。商務旅行者，首先

off, don’t typically pay for their own tickets. They’re paid for by their employer so they

關，一般不會自己掏錢買票。他們由他們的僱主支付，所以他們。

individually don’t really care what the ticket costs. Business travelers also require

個別並不關心票價多少。商旅人士也需要

flexibility and generally don’t purchase tickets until the last minute. At the time,

靈活性，一般不到最後一刻是不會購票的。在當時。

it was common practice to just walk up to the counter an hour before a flight and buy

它是常見的做法，只是走到櫃檯前一個小時的班機和購買。

a ticket. That’s what the full-fare tickets were for. Through this system, the airlines

一張票。這就是全價票的作用。通過這個系統，航空公司

segmented the market into two categories based on what people were willing to pay. Over the

根據人們願意支付的費用，將市場分為兩類。在

coming decades, this was the only large classification system in air travel.

未來幾十年，這是航空旅行中唯一的大型分類系統。

Then, between 1969 and 1978 three things happened--the 747 flew for the first time, the Concorde

在1969年到1978年之間，發生了三件事--747飛機首次飛行，協和式飛機首次飛行

flew for the first time and airlines were deregulated in the US. The 747 gave airlines

首次飛行，美國對航空公司放鬆了管制。747給航空公司帶來了

the space to experiment with luxury, the Concorde gave them the reason to, and deregulation

的空間，協和式飛機給了他們試驗奢侈品的理由，而放松管制則給了他們一個機會。

gave them the ability to. Previously, all airfares were heavily regulated in the US

給了他們能力。此前，美國對所有的機票價格都進行了嚴格的管制。

and it was difficult for airlines to charge the cost they wanted for different classes

而航空公司很難對不同的艙位收取他們想要的費用。

but with deregulation airlines now had full control over their ticket prices. Now, at

但隨著管制的放鬆，航空公司現在可以完全控制他們的票價。現在，在

the time, much of the difference was still in the ticket. Some airlines had introduced

當時，大部分的差價還是在機票上。一些航空公司已經推出了

first class fares with nicer seats, but airlines realized that they had to start treating the

頭等艙票價與較好的座位，但航空公司意識到，他們必須開始對待。

business-people who bought a full-fare coach ticket differently than the tourists paying

商務人士購買全價旅遊車票與遊客支付的旅遊車票不同

a discounted fare. More and more of those business travelers were just paying the tourist

折扣票價。越來越多的商旅人士只是給旅遊者支付

class fare. It began by just physically separating the passengers. The full-fare passengers would

級票價。一開始只是將乘客物理上分開。全價乘客將

be seated up front while the discounted fare passengers would be put in the back. Then,

折扣票價的乘客將被安排在前面，而折扣票價的乘客將被安排在後面。然後。

some airlines started blocking out the middle seat next to the full-fare passengers. Finally,

一些航空公司開始屏蔽掉全價乘客旁邊的中間座位。終於。

some airlines started to build cabins with slightly nicer seats and better amenities.

一些航空公司開始建造座位稍好、設施更好的機艙。

But, with exceptions, airlines avoided first class. Most focused on capturing that middle

但是，除了例外，航空公司都避開了頭等艙。大多數航空公司都把重點放在了抓住中間環節上

tier of traveller because the Concorde was going to be the first class plane for the

因為協和式飛機將成為第一層的飛機。

rich and famous--regular planes would be the business and economy class... at least that’s

富人和名人--普通飛機是商務艙和經濟艙......至少那是。

what they thought. Of course, as you heard about in my last video,

他們是怎麼想的。當然，正如你在我上一個視頻中所聽到的那樣。

the Concorde failed... spectacularly. Airlines avoided first class in the 70s and 80s because

協和式飛機失敗了... 慘不忍睹。航空公司在70和80年代避免使用頭等艙，是因為

of the Concorde, but as they started to catch on to the failure of supersonic flight, select

的協和式飛機，但當他們開始意識到超音速飛行的失敗時，選擇了

airlines slowly reintroduced first class to subsonic planes. But the effect is still seen

航空公司慢慢將頭等艙重新引入亞音速飛機。但效果還是看到了

today. Of the dozens of airlines flying transatlantic, only six have a first class cabin. Back in

今天。飛越大西洋的幾十家航空公司中，只有六家有頭等艙。早在

the 60s and 70s the imminent perceived competition of the Concorde really invigorated airlines

六七十年代，協和式飛機的迫在眉睫的競爭讓航空公司煥發了活力。

to optimize that middle class--business class--and we likely would not have seen it as early

來優化中間類--業務類--我們很可能不會早早地看到它。

as we did without that looming disruption to the industry.

因為我們沒有那個迫在眉睫的對行業的干擾。

But there’s another trend to explain--first class is going away... again. Let’s take

但還有一個趨勢需要解釋--頭等艙又要消失了......。讓我們來看看...

a look at the seat-map of a Etihad a380. Each economy class seat on this plane takes up

看一下阿提哈德a380的座位圖。這架飛機上的每個經濟艙座位都佔了

3.77 square feet (0.35 m²) of floorspace, the business class seats take up 10.14 ft²

3.77 平方英尺（0.35 平方米）的地板空間，商務艙座位佔 10.14 平方英尺。

(0.94 m²) of floorspace, and the first class seats take up 35 ft² of floorspace (3.25

(0.94 m²)，頭等艙座位佔用35平方英尺(3.25英寸)的地板空間。

m².) On a flight from Abu Dhabi to New York, economy class tickets are $1,253 round-trip,

m².)從阿布扎比飛往紐約的班機，經濟艙票價往返為1253美元。

business class tickets are $6,140, and first class tickets are $14,128. That means that

商務艙票價為6140元，頭等艙票價為14128元。這意味著

economy class seats make $332 per square foot, business class seats $605 per square foot,

經濟艙座位每平方英尺332美元，商務艙座位每平方英尺605美元。

and first class seats $403 per square foot. The difference between economy class and business

和頭等艙座位每平方英尺403美元。經濟艙和商務艙的區別

class is huge--it’s a cramped seat versus a bed--but the difference between business

班是巨大的 - 這是一個狹窄的座位與床 - 但商務之間的差異。

class and first class is just a bit more room and some better food. It’s very hard for

班和頭等艙只是空間大一些，吃的好一些。這是非常困難的

airlines to sell first class for much more than business class since the experience is

航空公司出售頭等艙的價格比商務艙高得多，因為這種體驗是非常重要的。

largely the same but the cost for the airlines to run a first class cabin is significantly

大致相同，但航空公司經營頭等艙的成本卻大為增加。

more. Therefore, more and more airlines are taking out their first class to just put in

更多。是以，越來越多的航空公司把頭等艙拿出來，只需把

more business class, it just makes more money. If an airline could fill an plane full of

更多的商務艙，它只是賺更多的錢。如果一家航空公司能把一架飛機上的人裝滿

business-class passengers it would--its been tried--but pretty much no route has the premium

公務艙的乘客會... ... 它已經試過了... ... 但幾乎沒有路線有溢價

demand to fill a plane-full of business class. Everyone in economy, in the end, is just there

需求填滿一飛機的商務艙。經濟艙裡的每個人，到頭來都只是在那裡。

to fill the plane. This video was made possible by Squarespace.

來填充飛機。這段視頻是由Squarespace製作的。

Squarespace is the absolute easiest way to make your website. I’ve used them for a

Squarespace是絕對最簡單的網站製作方式。我已經用他們為一個

few different sites including WendoverProductions.com. As I said last time, I basically bought that

幾個不同的網站，包括WendoverProductions.com。正如我上次說的，我基本上買了那個

domain to be sure nobody else could. I didn’t really have the time or need to create a fancy

域名，以確保沒有人可以。我真的沒有時間也沒有必要去創建一個花哨的

website so I just spent about 15 minutes to throw together a landing page. It was incredibly

網站，所以我只是花了大約15分鐘的時間來製作一個登陸頁面。這是令人難以置信的

easy with the squarespace templates and, in my opinion at least, it looks great. Now,

使用squarespace模板很容易，至少在我看來，它看起來很棒。現在。

I can give people one link that takes them to a page with the links to all my different

我可以給人們一個鏈接，把他們帶到一個頁面，鏈接到我所有不同的。

social media profiles. You can create a landing page like this, a blog, a store, really anything

社交媒體資料。你可以創建一個像這樣的登陸頁面，一個博客，一個商店，真的什麼都可以。

with squarespace and what’s best is that you can get 10% off your first order by using

與squarespace，最好的是，你可以得到10％的折扣你的第一個訂單，通過使用

the code “Wendover” over at Squarespace.com/Wendover. That also helps you help the channel. So please

代碼 "Wendover "在Squarespace.com/Wendover。這也有助於你幫助的管道。所以，請

do go check out Squarespace at Squarespace.com/Wendover. Other than that, you can support Wendover

做去看看Squarespace.com/Wendover的Squarespace。除此之外，你還可以支持Wendover。

Productions at _www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions_, follow me on Twitter @WendoverPro, watch my

製作www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions_，在Twitter上關注我@WendoverPro，觀看我的 "我"。

last video on Why Planes Don’t fly Faster here, check out my fan-moderated subreddit

為什麼飛機飛得不快的最後一個視頻在這裡，看看我的粉絲主持的subreddit。

here, and most of all, subscribe to this channel to receive all my future videos right when

這裡，最重要的是，訂閱這個頻道，以收到我所有未來的視頻，當。

they come out. Thanks again for watching, and I’ll see you in two weeks for another

他們出來。再次感謝您的觀看，我會看到你在兩個星期內的另一

Wendover Productions video.

Wendover製作的視頻。