Name: 【TEDx】無條件基本收入的時代已經來臨 (Basic Income: An Idea Whose Time Has Come | James Mulvale | TEDxUManitoba)
Uploaded: 2017-03-25T19:19:10.000Z
Duration: 17 min 52 s

Good afternoon, Bonjour, Tansi. [English, French, Cree]

下午好，Bonjour，Tansi.[英語、法語、克里語]

程度副詞

and I'm here to talk to you about an idea I'm very excited about.

而我在這裡和你談談我很興奮的一個想法。

something we've talked about in Canada for a long time,

我們在加拿大已經談論了很久的事情。

but it's really been coming to the forefront very recently.

and the place to start is with the definition.

It's an income unconditionally granted to each individual

這是一種無條件給予每個人的收入。

without a means test or other conditions.

And it actually differs in very substantial ways,

very important ways, from existing income security programs.

非常重要的方式，從現有的收入保障計劃。

It's paid to individuals, rather than households.

它'的支付給個人，而不是家庭。

It's paid irrespective of any income from other sources.

它'的支付，無論從其他來源的任何收入。

So people will, in the vast majority of cases,

所以人們會，在絕大多數情況下。

continue to work for wages and salaries, will start small businesses, will farm.

繼續打工掙工資和薪水，會做小生意，會種田。

for a very important form of economic security.

為一種非常重要的經濟保障形式。

And it's paid without regard to performance of any paid work.

而且它'的報酬不考慮任何有償工作的表現。

from the kind of workfare, and punitive, income security programs,

從那種工作福利，和懲罰性的收入保障計劃。

which have come into place in recent years.

There's two delivery mechanisms for basic income,

two general ways in which it can be paid out,

and gotten into the hands of all the people in society.

is paid on a regular basis to everybody in society.

是定期支付給社會上每個人的。

it could be deposited in your bank account

it can be, if it's designed in this way, taxed back from high-incomers

可以，如果這樣設計的話，從高收入者那裡徵稅回來。

但它確實是給社會上的每一個人。

The second general way to deliver it is called "the negative income tax",

第二種一般的交付方式叫做"負所得稅"。

And in this case, a threshold of adequacy is set,

而在這種情況下，設置了一個足夠的門檻。

in order to live a comfortable and dignified life.

以便過上舒適而有尊嚴的生活。

If you fall below that threshold, then your benefit kicks in.

如果你低於這個門檻，那麼你的福利就會生效。

the more benefit you get to bring you up to the threshold.

你得到的好處就越多，讓你達到門檻。

In that sense it's targeted to those most in need, and it's also perhaps

從這個意義上說，它的目標是那些最需要的人，而且它'也可能是'的。

We actually have examples of both of these mechanisms still in place,

其實我們現在還有這兩種機制的例子。

in relation to current benefits for children.

Those of you who are old enough to remember the old family benefits,

那些上了年紀的人，還記得以前的家庭福利。

- the baby bonus, in 1995, and previous -

- 1995年的嬰兒獎金，以及以前的-----------------------------------------------。

The current child tax benefit is delivered

as a refundable tax credit, or a negative income tax.

作為可退還的稅收抵免，或負所得稅。

What I'm going to do for the rest of my talk

is give an overview of what I think are the five key reasons we need to implement

是概述我認為我們需要實施的五個關鍵原因。

an effective basic income program in this country.

在這個國家實施有效的基本收入方案；

and, one would hope, eventually eliminate poverty.

This is an important reason on two counts.

First of all, in a wealthy country like Canada, with bountiful resources

首先，在加拿大這樣一個富裕的國家，資源豐富的國家

and one of the highest qualities of life in the world,

也是世界上最高的生命品質之一。

it's a moral obscenity that we have the high rates of poverty that we have.

它'是一個道德的淫穢，我們有高貧困率，我們有。

The second reason we need to reduce poverty in this country

我們需要在這個國家減少貧困的第二個原因是：

First of all, on the moral side, why we need to address poverty.

首先，在道德方面，我們為什麼要解決貧困問題。

One in seven, 4.9 million, Canadians live in a state of poverty.

每七人中就有一人，即490萬加拿大人生活在貧困之中。

It hits certain vulnerable groups particularly hard.

它對某些弱勢群體的打擊特別大。

are 50 percent of status first nations' children live in poverty.

是50％的地位第一民族'兒童生活在貧困中。

Almost 60 percent of women with disabilities.

and it hits particular groups in very hard ways.

而且它以非常嚴厲的方式打擊特定群體。

The second reason we need to reduce poverty,

我們需要減少貧困的第二個原因。

and basic income is a means to do this, I would argue,

而我認為，基本收入是實現這一目標的一種手段。

The combined public and private costs of alleviating poverty

減輕貧困的公共和私人成本的總和。

or addressing the problems that result from poverty,

we get into staggering figures in the 70 and 80 billion dollar range.

我們進入700億和800億美元的驚人數字。

Remedial cost, this means there's a tremendous relationship

補救成本，這意味著有巨大的關係'。

between living in poverty and bad health outcomes;

生活貧困和健康狀況不佳之間的關係；

disease, hospitalization, heavy reliance on the healthcare system.

疾病、住院、對醫療系統的嚴重依賴。

it make sense that we could also reduce costs in the healthcare system.

我們也可以降低醫療系統的成本，這是有道理的。

There's other negative effects of poverty that cost us,

還有'貧困的其他負面影響，讓我們付出了代價。

including children that don't do well in school

包括那些在學校表現不佳的孩子們

child welfare costs, cost in the criminal justice system.

兒童福利費用，刑事司法系統的費用。

All of these problems are related with high rates of poverty.

所有這些問題都與高貧困率有關。

The second point here relates with poverty,

there are costs related to loss of revenues.

in order to join the labor market and have a good job.

為了加入勞動力市場，擁有一份好工作。

For instance, if you talk to people who live in poverty

例如，如果你與生活在貧困中的人交談時

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【TEDx】無條件基本收入的時代已經來臨 (Basic Income: An Idea Whose Time Has Come | James Mulvale | TEDxUManitoba)

individual

eliminate

tremendous

pursue