Name: 【TED】Mariana Mazzucato:政府--投資者、風險承擔者、創新者(Mariana Mazzucato：政府--投資者、風險承擔者、創新者) (【TED】Mariana Mazzucato: Government -- investor, risk-taker, innovator (Mariana Mazzucato: Government -- investor, risk-taker, innovator))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:37:24.000Z
Duration: 14 min 6 s

反身代名詞

Have you ever asked yourselves why it is that

在座的各位有沒有問過自己， 為什麼那些

程度副詞

are coming out of one particular country,

Usually when I say this, someone says, "Spotify!

通常當我談到這一點時，有人會說，

"Spotify！那是歐洲的公司。” (註：Spotify是瑞典起源的線上音樂平台)

It has not had the impact that these other companies have had.

但，不如剛才的那幾個公司有影響力

at the level of the company, the industry and the nation,

but recently also in interesting places like China,

我可以告訴你，我一開始問的那一問題

What is the secret behind the Silicon Valley growth model,

we kind of come down in the end to these ideas

這被認為是現代（市場運作）方式。

but the idea is that somehow, behind places like Silicon Valley,

the secret have been different types of market-making mechanisms,

秘密反而是不同的市場開拓機制。

the private initiative, whether this be about

that's actually able to provide that high-risk finance

被稱為「羚羊企業」的這些領軍公司所需要的融資

是那些傳統銀行所害怕接手的。

另外，不同類型的一些頗有成效的

commercialization policies which actually allow these companies

商業化政策實際上允許這些公司

to bring these great inventions, their products,

把他們絕妙的發明、他們的產品

安然度過可怕的「死亡谷」時期。

其他的很多公司卻在這個時期一敗塗地。

But what really interests me, especially nowadays

and because of what's happening politically around the world,

is the language that's used, the narrative,

真正讓我感興趣的是 (商業中)使用的語言、敘述方法、

the discourse, the images, the actual words.

話語、 圖像和實際使用的詞彙。

with the kind of words like that the private sector

is also much more innovative because it's able to

Think of Steve Jobs' really inspirational speech

to the 2005 graduating class at Stanford,

於2005年在史丹佛大學給畢業生做的演講。

Right? So these guys are kind of the hungry

對吧？這些人都是些如饑似渴、

懵懵懂懂又個性鮮明的傢伙，對吧？

but the problem is this damn public sector.

It's a bit too big, and it hasn't actually allowed

它們太龐大了，它實際上沒法讓

these things like dynamic venture capital

and commercialization to actually be able to really

美國形容成「利維坦大怪獸」。對吧？ (譯註：利維坦是聖經中的一種獸)

They're very explicit in these editorials.

他們在社論裡非常明確地這樣說。

They say, "You know, the state, it's necessary

or different types of negative externalities like pollution,

或那些負面的外部因素比如污染時。

but you know what, what is the next big revolution

我們都希望它可能是一場綠色的革命。

or all of this nanotech stuff, and in order for that stuff to happen," they say --

或者是奈米技術，而要成功達成"

this was a special issue on the next industrial revolution --

這是關於下一次工業革命的特殊議題 —

they say, "the state, just stick to the basics, right?

他們說，"政府就是要專注於基礎，對吧？

Fund the infrastructure. Fund the schools.

Even fund the basic research, because this is

也投資於基礎科學研究，因為這是

popularly recognized, in fact, as a big public good

公眾的共識。事實上，私人公司不想為

which private companies don't want to invest in,

這是國家需要做的，你知道嗎？

然後把剩下的（市場）留給革新者。"

Those colorful, out-of-the-box kind of thinkers.

那些個性鮮明、不拘一格的革新家，

because some of them actually did some things in garages,

因為他們中確實有人是在車庫裡工作的，

即使這些故事都被傳成神話了。

And so what I want to do with you in, oh God,

所以我想和你們講的是，天哪，

is to really think again this juxtaposition,

（我要講的）是我們要再考量（政府和市場的）並行

because it actually has massive, massive implications

因為這種並行有非常非常巨大的影響力，

that I often talk with with policymakers.

It has huge implications, even with this whole notion

它有非常巨大的影響，甚至影響到整個國家的決策

【TED】Mariana Mazzucato:政府--投資者、風險承擔者、創新者(Mariana Mazzucato：政府--投資者、風險承擔者、創新者) (【TED】Mariana Mazzucato: Government -- investor, risk-taker, innovator (Mariana Mazzucato: Government -- investor, risk-taker, innovator))

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【TED】Mariana Mazzucato:政府--投資者、風險承擔者、創新者(Mariana Mazzucato：政府--投資者、風險承擔者、創新者) (【TED】Mariana Mazzucato: Government -- investor, risk-taker, innovator (Mariana Mazzucato: Government -- investor, risk-taker, innovator))

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sort

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massive