Name: Carlos Slim (Carlos Slim)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:36:45.000Z
Duration: 22 min 59 s
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Carlos Slim Helú is a Mexican business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. From 2010 to

基礎被動語態

2013, Slim was ranked as the richest person in the world,. The position was regained by

Bill Gates in 2014 before Slim reclaimed the position again on July 15, 2014. Known as

the "Warren Buffett of Mexico", Slim has extensive holdings in a considerable number of Mexican

companies through his conglomerate, Grupo Carso, SA de CV, have amassed interests in

the fields of communications, real estate, airlines, media, technology, retailing, and

finance. Presently, Slim is the chairman and chief executive of telecommunications companies

Telmex and América Móvil. América Móvil, which was Latin America’s

largest mobile-phone carrier in 2010, accounted for around US$49 billion of Slim's wealth

by the end of that year. His corporate holdings as of December 2013 have been estimated at

Early life Slim was born in Mexico City, Mexico in 1940

to Maronite Catholic parents, Julián Slim Haddad and Linda Helú, both of Lebanese descent.

His father, born Khalil Salim Haddad Aglamaz, emigrated to Mexico from Lebanon at the age

of 14 in 1902 and changed his name to Julián Slim Haddad. It was not uncommon for Lebanese

children to be sent abroad before they reached the age of 15 to avoid being conscripted into

the Ottoman army; four of Haddad's older brothers were already living in Mexico at the time

of his arrival. Carlos Slim's mother, Linda Helú Atta, was

born in Parral, Chihuahua, of Lebanese parents who had immigrated to Mexico in the late 19th

century. Her parents upon immigrating to Mexico had founded one of the first Arabic language

magazines for the Lebanese-Mexican community, using a printing press they had brought with

them. In 1911, Julián established a dry goods store,

La Estrella del Oriente. By 1921, he had purchased real estate in the flourishing commercial

district of Mexico City. These enterprises became the source of considerable wealth.

In August 1926, Julián Slim and Linda Helú married. They had six children: Nour, Alma,

Julián, José, Carlos and Linda. Julián senior died in 1953.

Business career Slim and his siblings were taught basic business

practices by their father, and at the age of 12, Slim bought shares in a Mexican bank.

At the age of 17, he earned 200 pesos a week working for his father's company. He went

on to study civil engineering at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, where he

also concurrently taught algebra and linear programming. After graduating from college,

Slim began his career as a trader in Mexico to hone his business skills. He would then

go on to form his own brokerage firm that later expanded to invest in individual businesses,

ranging from construction and manufacturing to retail and restaurants. In 1965, he incorporated

Inversora Bursátil and bought Jarritos del Sur. In 1966, already worth US$40 million,

he founded Inmobiliaria Carso. Three months later, he married Soumaya Domit Gemayel, and

they remained married until her death in 1999. Companies found within the construction, real

estate, and mining industries were the focus of Slim's early career. By 1972, he had established

or acquired a further seven businesses in these categories, including one which rented

construction equipment. In 1976, he branched out by buying a 60% interest in a printing

business, and in 1980, he consolidated his business interests by forming Grupo Galas

as the parent company of a conglomerate that had interests in industry, construction, mining,

retail, food, and tobacco. In 1982, the Mexican economy, which had substantially

relied on oil exports, contracted rapidly as the price of oil fell and interest rates

rose worldwide. Banks and other businesses were nationalized, crippled, or collapsed,

and the peso was devalued. At this time, and during the period of recovery to 1985, Slim

invested heavily. He bought all or a large percentage of numerous Mexican businesses,

including Reynolds Aluminio, General Popo, Bimex hotels, and the Sanborns food retailer.

He also acquired a 40% and 50% interest in the Mexican arms of British American Tobacco

and The Hershey Company, respectively. He moved into financial services as well, buying

Seguros de México and creating from it, along with other purchases such as Fianzas La Guardiana

and Casa de Bolsa Inbursa, the Grupo Financiero Inbursa. Many of these acquisitions were financed

by the cash flows from Cigatam, a tobacco business which he bought early in the economic

downturn. In 1988 Slim added the Nacrobre group of companies –

which trade in copper and aluminium products – along with a chemicals business, Química

Fluor, and others. In 1990, the Grupo Carso was floated as a

public company initially in Mexico and then worldwide.

Later in 1990, Slim acted in concert with France Télécom and Southwestern Bell Corporation

in order to buy the landline telephony company Telmex from the Mexican government. By 2006,

90 percent of the telephone lines in Mexico were operated by Telmex, and his mobile telephony

company, Telcel, which was created out of the Radiomóvil Dipsa company, operated almost

80 percent of all the country's cellphones. In 1991, he acquired Hoteles Calinda, and

in 1993, he increased his stakes in General Tire and Grupo Aluminio to the point where

he had a majority interest. In 1996, Grupo Carso was split into three

companies: Carso Global Telecom, Grupo Carso, and Invercorporación. In the following year,

Slim bought the Mexican arm of Sears Roebuck. 1999 saw Slim expanding his business interests

beyond Latin America; he set up Telmex USA and also acquired a stake in Tracfone, a US

cellular telephone company. At the same time, he established Carso Infraestructura y Construcción,

S. A. as a construction and engineering company within Grupo Carso. In 1999 Slim had heart

surgery and subsequently passed on much of the day-to-day involvement in the businesses

to his children and their spouses. América Telecom, the holding company for

América Móvil, was incorporated in 2000. It took stakes in various cellular telephone

companies outside of Mexico, including the Brazilian ATL and Telecom Americas concerns,

Techtel in Argentina, and others in Guatemala and Ecuador. In subsequent years, there was

further investment in Latinamerica, with companies in Colombia, Nicaragua, Peru, Chile, Honduras,

and El Salvador. 2000 also saw a venture with Microsoft which led to the start of the Spanish

T1msn portal, later renamed ProdigyMSN. In 2005, Slim invested in the Volaris airline

and formed Impulsora del Desarrollo y el Empleo en America Latina SAB de CV, a Mexico-based

company primarily engaged in not-for-profit infrastructure development.

In 2007 after having amassed a 50.1% stake in the Cigatam tobacco company, Slim reduced

his holdings by selling a large portion to Philip Morris for $1.1bn, while in the same

year also selling his entire interest in a tile company, Porcelanite, for $800m. He licensed

the Saks name and opened Saks Fifth Avenue in Santa Fe, Mexico. In 2008 he took a 6.4%

stake in The New York Times Company, which increased to 8% by 2012.

On December 8, 2007, Grupo Carso announced that the remaining 103 CompUSA stores would

be either liquidated or sold, bringing an end to the struggling company, although the

IT tech part of CompUSA continued under the name Telvista with U.S. locations in Dallas,

Texas and Danville, Virginia. Telvista has five centers in Mexico. After 28 years, Slim

became the Honorary Lifetime Chairman of the business. He is also Chairman of Teléfonos

de Mexico, América Móvil, and Grupo Financiero Inbursa.

Slim built Plaza Carso in Mexico City, where most of his ventures share a common headquarters

address. In March 2012, Slim along with American television

host Larry King established Ora TV, an on-demand digital television network that produces and

distributes television shows including Larry King Now, Politicking with Larry King, Recessionista,

and Jesse Ventura Uncensored. The network was used as an outlet to produce a new show

for Larry King after leaving CNN. On April 23, 2014 Slim took control of Telekom

Austria established in seven central and Eastern European countries outside Austria, under

a 10 year agreement, being his first successful acquisition in Europe. In a syndicate holding

structure the Austrian state holding company OIAG's 28 percent are combined with Slim's

27 percent ownership. America Movil will spend as much as $2 billion to buy out minority